Climate warming is already affecting all natural processes and phenomena on the planet. Of course, changes in weather conditions also affected the composition of the fauna, not only somewhere far away, on other continents, but also in many regions of Russia. For example, in the Rostov region, some animals and insects, previously considered exotic, have become permanent neighbors of local residents over the past 5-10 years. Of course, some of them will definitely decorate and enrich the local nature. But among them there are also those whom you would not want to meet at all because of their mortal danger. Moreover, the migration of poisonous animals to the north continues. Over the past few years, it has already been found even in the Moscow region. Increasingly, information appears in social networks and the media about “black widows” and aggressive snakes that are spotted in rural areas and metropolitan parks. And there are already some first victims. Fortunately, there have been no deaths so far. However, you need to be aware of the danger.
Dangerous spiders and snakes have chosen the Moscow region and capital parks
Description and photos of spiders in the Moscow region
Arachnids belong to the arthropod animals of the Arachnida class, which differ from insects in the number of legs (8, not 6).
They are widespread throughout the world, more than 42 thousand species of spiders are known, and some species live in the central European part of Russia, including the Moscow region. Spiders in the Moscow region live both indoors with people and in the wilderness. Arachnids are predators because they feed on insects. They first catch them using a web or other means, and then immobilize them by injecting special saliva, which is produced by the glands. Some species are poisonous, while others are completely harmless to humans. Below are photos and names of various species of spiders living in the Moscow region.
White Lady
Of all the white spiders, the lady is the largest - the leg span sometimes reaches 10 cm. This species lives in the hot African Namib Desert. The peculiar climate dictates its conditions; there are relatively few people in those parts. There are practically no cases of this spider attacking humans, so the species is not considered dangerous.
This creature is often called the “dancing spider”, due to its peculiar manner of movement and characteristic tapping. It has been established that with the help of frequent “stomping” spiders communicate with each other: they transmit signals of danger and even proposals to start a family.
This white spider, like many of its relatives, is a predator and feeds on insects. If fate takes you to the Namib Desert and you are lucky enough to meet a white lady, try not to scare her. They have excellent hearing, but their eyesight is rather weak. Watch this beauty, trying not to make noise, because it’s not often that you get to see such an unusual creature.
Features
Spiders have eight legs, unlike insects. The forelimbs are equipped with chelicerae, which are poisonous claws. Spider warts are usually located on the lower part of the body, usually in 3 pairs. Some insects also spin webs, for example, caterpillars, but the web of spiders does not break under the force of prey, because it is elastic. There are pairs of eyes located on the head, their number is often 8 or 6, occasionally 2 are found.
Digestion is of the extraintestinal type. For example, a praying mantis chews its caught prey, but spiders inject liquefying enzymes into the carcass. Once softened, they suck out the insides. Arthropods do not attack people or animals first; they bite only if they sense danger. If a spider falls on a person, it should be blown away, but not hit.
Males have bulbs on their limbs in front, which contain sperm for fertilization. Some males run away after mating and save their lives, others agree with the fate of the victim and allow themselves to be eaten. Compared to females, males live short lives. Spiders are caring mothers; they weave small cocoons in the shape of a ball to nurse their babies.
Ancient Kabardino-Balkarian legend
As already mentioned, there has long been a legend about monster spiders in this republic. Many people believe that in ancient times there lived
spiders
-cannibals
huge sizes. Their lair was located in a deep gorge near the Shauppopot hill.
These spiders, according to legend, lay in wait for travelers, lured them into their webs and sucked their blood. In the end, one of the great rulers of the Caucasus of that time gathered an army and went to this gorge. Many of his warriors died from spider bites. However, the monsters were eventually destroyed.
Types of spiders in the Moscow region
Here, neither specialists nor ordinary people have any disagreements and there cannot be any. Karakurt is the only one of all the representatives of arthropods living in the vast expanses of our country whose bite can be fatal.
Appearance
Only females reaching a size of 15-20 mm are dangerous to humans. They have two distinctive signs that prevent karakurts from being confused with other representatives of arthropods.
There are exactly 13 bright spots or dots on the upper side of the black abdomen. Naturally, there is no time to count them, but the very combination of black with bright spots should serve as a signal of danger.
On the underside of the abdomen there is one equally bright spot in the shape of an hourglass.
Karakurt is the only spider in Russia whose bite can be fatal
Habitats
Karakurts are thermophilic. They live in the Southern Urals, the Caucasus and the Black Sea regions. However, recently the habitat of this spider has expanded to more northern regions of Russia, right up to the Moscow region. This is explained by global warming, but more optimistic scientists are confident that this only happens in very hot years, and not always.
Consequences of a bite
Karakurt, which has a very strong poison, unlike other spiders, is very aggressive and bites not only for the purpose of self-defense. He can attack purposefully, so you should not only tease him, but also approach him with great caution. The bite itself is very painful, and after 10-15 minutes the pain spreads throughout the person’s body and becomes almost unbearable.
If assistance is not provided in a timely manner, which consists of administering a special serum, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, fever, headache and dizziness, tremor, profuse sweating, and a feeling of heaviness in the chest may develop.
We suggest you read: Where do spiders come from in your apartment and house? Even after the administration of the serum, symptoms may persist for another day
First aid
The only thing that can be done for the victim is to take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
In the vastness of the Russian Federation, you can meet other representatives of arthropods that are capable, if not of killing a person with their bite, then of causing a lot of painful sensations.
- South Russian tarantula. The venom of this fairly large spider, reaching 30 mm in length, is not fatal to humans. However, the bite site swells very quickly and is very painful. An allergic reaction is possible in the form of rashes and redness of the skin, accompanied by itching and burning in places where the scratch is made. South Russian tarantula
- Heiracanthium. Tops the list of poisonous spiders in central Russia. Unlike the karakurt, it does not specifically attack and can bite only for the purpose of self-defense. The symptoms are quite unpleasant: a strong burning sensation at the site of the bite, nausea, vomiting, headache, fever, body aches, weakness. The bite site itself looks quite scary: it turns red, blue, and may even become covered with blisters. This condition can last up to 3 days. Seeing a doctor is mandatory.
Heiracanthium does not specifically attack people, but can bite in self-defense
- Phalanx (solfuga). One of the few spiders, after a bite it is recommended to suck the wound. It does not have its own toxic poison, but it will certainly cause an infection, causing the wound to become inflamed. It is active only in the dark, but does not bite on purpose, only as a defense. Phalanx
- Web spider. A rather small spider, it is dangerous, like the previous representative of arthropods, not by poison, but by the possibility of introducing infection into the wound. Web spider
Bagworm (bag spider). This spider is aggressive enough to attack even in the absence of direct danger. The bite is not fatal, but is accompanied by very severe pain, which can spread very quickly throughout almost the entire body.
Pouch spider
• False black widow. First of all, it is dangerous because it often gets into living quarters. After the bite, acute, prolonged pain, weakness and fever are felt. Symptoms may last up to two days.
We suggest you read: Can a bumblebee sting, and what to do after that? False black widow
- Black fathead. The most peaceful of dangerous spiders. If you don't touch him or pick him up, he prefers to hide. However, if it bites, the wound will hurt for at least a day. Black fathead
- Argiope. The bite of this striped spider is very dangerous. An allergic reaction to poison can result in deep and severe abscesses, deterioration of general condition and other unpleasant symptoms. Argiope
As you can see, poisonous spiders are far from uncommon in Russia, but only the female karakurt should be greatly feared. You can easily cope with the consequences of bites from other arachnids on your own. However, seeing a doctor is highly recommended.
Not everyone can distinguish one type of spider from another, despite the fact that the colors and patterns on their abdomens are different. And they all differ from each other in size and length of their legs. However, often people begin to panic and simply do not pay attention to what their offender looks like.
In most cases, symptoms begin to appear quite quickly and first aid should also be prompt, but thoughtful.
- The first thing to do is wash the wound with soapy water.
- The next action should be aimed at preventing the spread of the poison. This is achieved in two ways: immobilize the affected limb with a splint and apply a tight bandage above the bite site, thereby reducing blood circulation.
- It is worth applying a cold compress to the wound itself, which will also delay the action and spread of the poison.
- Drinking more will also be a reducing factor. It will also help remove poison from the body.
- In order to relieve painful symptoms, you can give the victim an aspirin tablet.
Having done all this, there is no need to calm down. It is imperative to take the victim to a doctor, even if he is a few kilometers away. The clinic will provide more qualified assistance and will be able to take emergency measures in case of complications.
Of course, you can add some more aspects, covering the question: are there poisonous spiders in Russia and what to do if you encounter them. But this information will be for specialists. Ordinary people need to remember that under no circumstances should they play and have fun with spiders. But you shouldn’t just destroy them either.
Harmless arachnids of the Moscow region
Non-venomous spiders include those species whose venom is absolutely non-toxic to humans and only affects insects. Several such arthropods live in central Russia: brownies, haymakers, side walkers, knitting spiders, etc.
House spiders
The most common spiders around the world are house spiders, which get their name from their close proximity to people's homes. They belong to the funnel family. They are found in apartments, outbuildings in the country or in the city. The spider's web has the shape of a funnel; it begins its weaving in a dark corner under the ceiling or even behind a closet.
Interesting!
The “house elf” itself usually sits in the middle, waiting for prey to arrive or run in, after which it quickly runs up along the threads and deals with the insect.
Distinctive features of the house spider:
- female size – 12 mm, male – up to 10 mm;
- the chitinous cover is colored in gray-brown shades;
- there is a pattern of brown spots on the back;
- The paws are 2 times longer than the body.
Knitters
This species lives only in the natural environment, avoiding encounters with humans. Knitters weave huge circular webs designed to catch only one type of insect - long-legged mosquitoes. For the spider, they are the most favorite treat.
Differences from other types of spiders:
- the body has an elongated shape;
- the size of females is 10 mm, males are smaller;
- legs are very long;
- the jaws (chelicerae) are covered with projections.
Interesting!
Knitters have an interesting feature: when in danger, they stretch their legs along the body, visually turning into a small straw, almost invisible against the background of leaves and trees. When touched, the spider falls down and runs away.
Argiopes
The common name of the species is Argiope. The spider attracts primarily with its original appearance. The predator has a bright color of black and yellow stripes, which makes it look like a wasp. Short hair can be seen on the head and chest. Females are 5-6 times larger than males and can reach a length of 3 cm. The long legs consist of a large number of jointed areas.
The habitat of agriope is central Russia. They are also found in other areas with a temperate climate, most often in the Stavropol Territory. The spider bite is very stinging and the pain is comparable to that of a bee. Argiopes prefer to exist alone and approach their compatriots only to mate.
A predator will never be the first to attack a person unless the latter shows obvious aggression. A small allergic rash appears at the site of the bite, which is accompanied by mild pain. The swelling goes away in about 2-3 days.
Micromat greenish
This type of spider lives in forests, settling among grass and plants. Its bright color helps it hide among the green parts of plants. The dimensions of the micromata are small - the largest green spider barely reaches 1 cm. Their poison is non-toxic and does not pose a danger to people.
Fish
According to ichthyologists, at least 50 species of fish are found in natural reservoirs of the Moscow region. The inhabitants of the underwater kingdom differ in their habitat, which divides them into 3 groups - river, lake-river and lake fish.
Pike
This torpedo-like predator grows up to 2 m, gaining up to three pounds of mass and living (under favorable conditions) for at least 30 years. The pike has a pointed head and a mouth full of sharp teeth, into which slow-moving perches, minnows and roaches fall.
Pike is so voracious that it is often not content with fish, but attacks any living creature not exceeding 1/3 of the length of the pike’s body. Moles/mice that accidentally find themselves in the water, as well as small waterfowl or their chicks, often fall into her field of vision and then into her mouth.
Tench
A bony fish from the carp family, which has a thick, short body covered with small, dense scales (up to 100 in the midline) and abundant mucus. The caudal fin has no notch, and the color is determined by the habitat conditions.
Lin tends to be reclusive and does not like to move much. The fish often stands among the thickets, almost at the bottom, hiding there from the bright light. Preys on bottom invertebrates - mollusks, insect larvae and worms.
Common bream
Also known as eastern or Danube bream. The young of the species are called breams. The bream has a high body, up to about a third of its length, where there is a scaleless keel located between the ventral and anal fins. The bream's mouth and head are relatively small, and the former ends in a retractable tube.
These are cautious and quite savvy fish that prefer a collective existence. They live in compact groups, usually in deep water where there is a lot of vegetation.
Poisonous spiders of the Moscow region
To identify such a dangerous spider, you need to know how it looks and behaves in case of danger (data is given in accordance with the official identification of spiders in Russia).
Cross
Cross spiders prefer to feed on flying insects, which include mosquitoes, flies, bees, butterflies, etc. They hunt using webs. When the prey is already entangled in the web, the spider runs up to it and injects a special liquid, which is called digestive juice, because it turns the victim’s body into a partially digested state. After waiting a certain time, the cross eats its victim.
If the spider is well-fed, it leaves its prey in reserve, hanging it on the edge of the web. Crosses are found in mixed and pine forests of the Moscow region, in swamps, meadows and arable lands, as well as in gardens (rarely).
The danger of a spider bite is associated only with the possibility of infection and probable individual intolerance to its toxins.
Hyracantida
This species is one of the most poisonous spiders in Russia, living in central Russia. Chiracantids settle among grass and shrubs, preferring the natural environment. By nature, they are wandering hunters who go out to fish at night. When the victim touches the spider, it quickly attacks her. The main diet consists of caterpillars, moths, aphids, grasshoppers and mites.
In some species of chiracantids, the hatched offspring exhibit the ability to matrifagy, i.e., eating the female guarding them (mother spiders).
Distinctive features of the spider:
After a chiracantida bite, a burning pain may occur, which then spreads to the surrounding tissues of the limb. Then the lymph nodes located in the bite area begin to swell and ache, followed by swelling and impaired joint mobility. Some people may have breathing problems. Local negative symptoms usually disappear within 12-48 hours.
Karakurt
These arachnids belong to the genus of black widows and are the most poisonous. The body color is specific: on a glossy black coat there are 13 bright red spots bordered by a white stripe. The female's body size can reach 2 cm, and the male's - 0.7 cm.
Pogrebnoy
He got his “nickname” due to his love of living in cellars and barns. In these buildings, he finds crevices and cracks in the wooden elements that are optimal for his habitation. The spider is small, the average size is 10 mm. The head is colored brown or black, the abdomen is lighter - from red to brown. Pogrebnyaks are characterized by a hot climate; in Russia they prefer to live in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Crimea. A bite from a porcini mushroom can lead to fever, nausea and fever. They themselves do not attack, but if the spider senses real danger, it will defend itself.
Steatoda
When people start talking about poisonous spiders in Siberia, they cannot do without steatoda. The description of the appearance is similar to life-threatening creatures -. But, unlike its relative, the steathod does not pose a danger to humans, it very rarely bites, and prefers to hide by flight.
Steatoda is called false karakurt. with black shiny color. There is a red pattern on the dorsal side of the convex abdomen. In young individuals it is pale and darkens as it matures. The average body size of the female is 2 cm, the male is slightly smaller. Long powerful chelicerae are clearly visible on the head. The pedipalps are more like another pair of limbs and perform almost the same functions.
Steatodes live in forest thickets, are found in houses, and penetrate inside through open windows and cracks in the wall. They are nocturnal and do not tolerate bright sunlight. During the day they hide in shady places and go out hunting at night. Their food is insects, often flies.
South Russian species of tarantula
One of the largest spiders in central Russia is the South Russian tarantula, females of which can reach 3 cm, and males are smaller (2.5 cm). The chitinous cover has a gray-brown color, less often – red or brown with a pattern on the abdomen. The entire body and paws are covered with dense short hairs.
South Russian species of tarantula
Their usual habitat is steppes and forest-steppes, semi-deserts, where they dig holes that go vertically down 40 cm. Inside, the tarantula covers the walls with its own web. It waits for prey at night, sitting at the entrance. When an insect appears, it quickly jumps out and inflicts a bite.
Interesting!
The tarantula bites only in self-defense; at this moment it jumps high (up to 15 cm in height) and instantly pierces the chelicerae into the skin. Tarantula venom is less toxic; after its bite, swelling appears, and the skin turns yellow for a long period (up to 2 months), and some health problems may occur in humans.
When encountering any species of spiders in the forest or in nature, you must be careful and not try to touch them or show interest. This is the only way to ensure your safety, because an attack and a spider bite can only occur for the purpose of self-defense.
Far East
A striking representative of the spiders of the Far East is:
Digger spider
The name of the spider speaks for itself. It is found in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, in the Sakhalin Region. The mole rat can be identified by its very massive and prominent chelicerae; they are 2.5 times the thickness of the legs. Size – from 1 cm to 1.5 cm, color – reddish brown. They live in groups. The place of residence is an earthen burrow, covered from the inside with a cobweb, which protrudes to the surface in the form of a tube.
Diggers are very shy and unsociable; the likelihood of meeting them is negligible. All his time he sits in ambush in his underground house, waiting for prey. Despite its terrifying appearance, the mole rat is harmless to humans.
Did the article help? Rate it
The most dangerous and poisonous spiders in Russia
Almost all spiders are predators. There is only one species that prefers plant foods. Other arachnids hunt other living creatures for food.
Most of them have poisonous glands attached to their fangs. Almost all spiders are poisonous.
That is why, of all the variety of species inhabiting Russia, it is important to know which spiders can pose a danger to humans. Let's look at which spider is the most poisonous in Russia.
Karakurt or black widow
First, let's look at which spiders in Russia are the most poisonous. Scientists believe that these are karakurts, which are also sometimes called black widows. A karakurt bite can lead to human death.
Females are considered the most dangerous to humans. Firstly, they are much larger than males: they can reach a size of up to 2 cm. Secondly, they are more aggressive, and therefore attack people more often.
Karakurt has a bright color, which is intended to indicate its toxicity. Predators, seeing bright scarlet spots on the abdomen, prefer to avoid the arthropod. From below on the animal’s abdomen you can see an orange spot, similar to an hourglass.
Mizgir or South Russian tarantula
Poisonous spiders in Russia are represented by another common species. The South Russian tarantula or wolf spider is found in the southern regions of Russia.
It lives in deserts, semi-deserts and steppes. Females reach 4 cm in length and are significantly larger than males. Color varies from brown to reddish.
This species does not spin webs. He digs deep holes. The mizgir will attack the victim from an ambush - it jumps out of the hole and digs in with its fangs. Not a single death caused by a Mizgir bite has been recorded.
Cheiracanthium phalanx
The size of the arthropod reaches 50-100 mm. It has a light beige or yellowish color. Likes to hide in tree branches and under foliage.
It can attack a person in self-defense. More active at night when he goes hunting. Heiracanthum is attracted to the smell of gasoline, so it can be found near oil refineries.
Horses
Another name is jumping spider. Distributed everywhere. He can often be found basking in the sun. Males and females reach a size of 5-6 mm. There are 4 pairs of eyes on the cephalothorax: 2 of which are very large and mobile. The arthropod's vision is very good. It allows you to estimate the distance to prey.
A very jumping animal, it can jump up to 20 cm vertically. This happens due to the build-up of pressure inside the limbs.
Does not weave cobwebs. It attacks the victim from an ambush. Before jumping, the horse attaches itself to the surface with a thread of web so as not to be damaged as a result of a fall.
The horse is poisonous, but very small. Its fangs are not capable of cutting through human skin. In addition, this species is not aggressive.
Hunters
Hunters or dolomedes are spiders of central Russia. They prefer high humidity, and therefore settle on the banks of reservoirs, near swamps and in wet meadows.
Females reach 2.2 cm in length, males are twice as small. Body color is yellow-brown. Two parallel white stripes run along the cephalothorax and abdomen.
This species is able to move along the surface of the water and even dive. It does not dig holes, but settles in the greenery of coastal vegetation. The animal hunts not only insects, but also fish fry, which it drags onto land for a meal. The hunter is not dangerous to people.
Argiope Brünnich (wasp spider)
The nickname is due to the unusual body structure of females (thin “waist”, long legs) and similar striped black and yellow color on a pale gray background. This coloring clearly warns that the individual is dangerous. It lives mainly in the Crimea and the Caucasus; argiope is also common in Kazakhstan. Its usual habitat is thickets of tall grass, tree branches in forests and gardens. The size of the male is up to 0.5 cm, the female is up to 3–4 cm.
A spider bites only if it perceives your behavior as an attack. The bite itself is not too dangerous - in addition to tolerable pain, there is slight swelling, local redness of the tissues for several hours, and numbness of the skin around the wounds (an area of 2–2.5 cm in diameter). But it is often complicated by an allergic reaction - the wounds turn into deep, poorly healing abscesses, and even tissue necrosis is possible.
The coloring of Brünnich's Argiope clearly warns that one should stay away from it.
Funnel
Funnel-web spiders are quite common in Russia. Another name for them is house spiders. The body is beige-brown in color. There are two thin dark stripes on the cephalothorax and abdomen.
The abdomen is elongated. The front pair of walking legs is much longer than the others. The arthropod weaves a funnel-shaped web. It can be sticky or non-sticky.
The spider is quite aggressive, but almost not dangerous to people. Its poison is not so toxic as to cause significant harm to the human body. However, cases of necrosis have been reported.
Eresus nigra (black fathead)
It lives mainly in the Crimea, the Caucasus, and the Southern Urals. In hot years, it migrates throughout the central part of the European territory of Russia. Size - up to 2 cm.
The male looks (for a spider) quite nicely - a bright scarlet body with four black dots, striped black and white legs. Females are much more modest - solid black, sometimes with several yellow spots on the abdomen. You should not touch or try to pick up an individual - this will most likely provoke an attack. A bite means severe swelling of the affected area, local numbness, and pain. Symptoms do not go away within a week.
A beautiful spider does not mean it is non-poisonous (in fact, it is often the other way around)
Orb weavers
Several species of the orb weaver family are common in the Russian Federation. These include the crosses that we talked about earlier. This family is famous for its ability to spin large webs.
Appearance may vary depending on the species. They are united by the presence of a spinous process on the last pair of legs. It is needed for weaving webs. Orb weavers are also found in northern Russia. They live wherever they can get food.
Solfuga (aka solpuga or phalanx)
In Russia it is found mainly in Crimea and other southern regions. A very large (up to 7 cm) spider with five pairs of legs, its powerful “jaws” - chelicerae - can bite through not only skin, but also nails. Color varies from light yellow to rusty brown and brown. Solfuga moves quickly (at a speed of up to 16 km/h) and can jump to a height of up to a meter.
It is exclusively nocturnal and attacks only in defense. This spider itself is not poisonous, but it definitely introduces infection into the wounds at the site of the bite - they become inflamed. Victims of the phalanx need to suck out the toxin from them, which absolutely cannot be done when bitten by a poisonous spider. The skin at the site of the bite turns red and swells.
Solfuga for a spider looks quite atypical, but nevertheless, it also belongs to arachnids
Synanthropic species
Synanthropic spiders live in Russia - these are species that choose human dwellings to live. They are often harmless to humans.
One of the most common is the centipede. She often lives between window frames or weaves webs in dark corners. It stands out for its long limbs relative to the body. Absolutely non-aggressive and too small to harm a person.
Window spiders often live under window sills. They reach 1 cm in size. The body is black, on which you can sometimes see a yellow pattern.
The black hobo spider is also often found indoors. He does not weave webs, he hunts from ambush. Stays in the dwelling as long as there is prey for it, and then leaves.
Web spider
In Russia there are web spiders, which are also often called cross spiders. The arthropod can be distinguished by four light spots on the abdomen, which form a kind of “cross”. Females reach 2.5 cm, males grow up to 1 cm. The networm weaves a round web, along which it moves very quickly.
Not the most dangerous species for humans. Most often, the small fangs of an arthropod are not able to bite through human skin.
And if this does happen, a person can only feel pain. The bite site may become red and slightly swollen. The species is not aggressive and can attack only in self-defense.
Pouch spider or bagworm
The bagworm is also often included in the list of dangerous spiders in Russia. It can be found in the Rostov and Volgograd regions. Loves warm, dry climates and is able to migrate north in summer. The length of the paw span reaches 2 cm. It has a light color. There are two long light yellow stripes on the abdomen.
In the event of a bite, a person’s body temperature rises, nausea and severe pain appear not only in the area of the bite, but also in large areas of the body. Sometimes a bite can lead to tissue necrosis.
Black fathead
The most poisonous spiders in Russia include another species - the black fathead. Females reach 2 cm in paw span. The main distinguishing feature is the bright scarlet belly, on which there are four black dots.
Distributed in the Urals and Central Russia. Settles in deep holes or under stones. The spider runs fast. If danger arises, it bites without hesitation. People who want to take a bright handsome man in their arms often suffer.
The venom of the black fathead is not very toxic. The person feels acute pain at the time of the bite. Afterwards, the bite site begins to go numb. For several days after this, the limb may have difficulty working. The affected area hurts when pressed.
Main families in the country
The territory of our country includes a variety of climatic zones and natural conditions in which many representatives of arachnids exist. Spiders in Russia impress with their features and amazing life, they frighten with their appearance and help people. Many of them are rare and are listed in the Red Book.
Wolves
The Latin name - Licisidae, is a representative of a vast species, numbering more than two thousand species. It has a gray, brown or brown color, an average body size of 3 cm, and has a “standard” structure. The wolf spider has no blood; it is replaced by hemolymph, a nutritious fluid that circulates in the body. In case of injury, the hemolymph flowing from the wound acquires a blue tint.
Licisidae is a dangerous predator and an assistant to amateur gardeners in the fight against harmful insects. Its diet consists of flies, midges and insect larvae. Representatives of this species are very cunning; in the event of a threat that they cannot cope with, they prefer to pretend to be dead. The spider falls belly up and lies in this position until the threat passes. They are semi-venomous spiders whose bite does not cause harm to health.
Hunters
Latin name: Heteropoda, family Sparassidae. You definitely can’t call a hunter’s spider a standard one. It has an amygdala-shaped body, 2 to 4 cm long, and very long legs, the length of which can exceed the length of the body up to four times. The longest legs are the front ones. Color varies from mustard to red-brown. The hunter is active at night and hides in dry branches, hollows and tree bark during the day. The maximum lifespan is three years, during which time Heteropoda is able to molt up to 12-15 times. The molting period is easily determined visually: the paws become very dark.
Funnel
The Latin name is Agelenidae, there are more than 1000 species. The funnel spider got its name because of its special web, which it weaves in the shape of a funnel or pipe. It serves as a reliable shelter and trap for other insects. Every three to four weeks the spider changes its location and builds a new labyrinth. An adult male grows up to 2 cm, females are slightly larger. The color is mainly brown or black. Agelenidae live in grass. They can be easily distinguished from other species by their characteristic, swaying mode of movement. Spider venom is harmless to humans.
Horses
The Latin name is Salticidae, there are about 6000 species. They are quite fluffy representatives of arachnids. Males and females differ in color: the main color of the female is gray or orange, the male is black. Each individual has a characteristic pattern in the form of spots and stripes. The jumping spider is an active daytime hunter. He does not wait, but acts: when he sees potential prey, he jumps and grabs it. The web is used to construct protective nests for eggs and as insurance during a jump. Because of its ability to jump, it is called a jumper and a grasshopper. This species is absolutely harmless and does not even bite on contact.
Cibeids
The Latin name is Argeroneta aquatica - silver spider. The only species of spider that can live underwater. Their peculiarity is the construction of underwater houses - tents, the dome of which they fill with air. Special hairs on the body allow you to form an air sphere and carry it with you under water. Among the representatives of this species of arachnids, equality reigns: females do not eat males. Silverfish overwinter under thick ice, in their houses or empty shells.
Diggers
The Latin name is Atypus affinis, a family of digger spiders. It grows up to 2 mm, has a dark, “earthy” color. The mole rat got its name because of the characteristic feature of the same name. The spider breaks a hole in the ground, up to 40 cm long, covers it with cobwebs, bringing the weaving out. Thus, a tube of web is obtained, the end of which is sealed, and the spider itself is inside and awaits the victim. If the hunt is successful, the web tube breaks through and the victim is carried inside. Afterwards the hole is “patched”, and the spider again takes a wait-and-see position.
Black widows
Latin name - Latrodectus mactans - black widow. The name of this species has become a household name due to the characteristic behavior of the females. The spider lives its entire life in the same web, which it impregnates with pheromones to attract suitors. Partners do not keep you waiting. The very first male to enter the territory of a dangerous female begins to “punch” her web to remove the smell of pheromones in order to avoid competition.
If the black widow does not like the groom or is hungry at the time of the meeting, the female immediately eats the potential partner. If contact is established, then the moment of eating is postponed only until mating. The body diameter of females is 1 cm, males are half as large. The legs of a dangerous spider are five times longer than the body. The color is black, glossy, and there is a “mark” in the form of a red spot on the abdomen.
They live mainly in the south. For example, in the Astrakhan region or Krasnodar region.
The black widow is considered one of the most dangerous spiders in the world. Aggressive females helped the species earn this reputation. In case of the slightest provocation and aggression, a lightning attack and a poisonous bite follows. Black widow venom contains a powerful neurotoxin. It causes respiratory arrest, severe joint and muscle pain, and cramps. Scientists have found that the concentration of neurotoxin in black widow venom is 15 times higher than that of a rattlesnake.
If you are bitten, you should immediately go to the hospital. The issue of providing timely assistance is a matter of life and death.
Steatodes
Latin name: Steatoda grossa. The spider is characterized by sexual differences: females reach 1-1.2 mm in length, while males are half as much. The color is dark brown and black. There are oval spots on the chest, pink-red in females and white in males.
Steatodes' favorite habitats are forests and bushes; they often coexist with villagers. Their love for “tree” shelters pushes them to be close to people. The crevices of wooden private houses and fences provide excellent shelter, and garden plots are the best place for hunting.
The web of the steatode is distinguished by its horizontal arrangement and large size, which reaches 1.5 meters. A spider bite is not fatal, but can be very harmful: it causes fever and temporary paralysis. Spiders are not aggressive, but you shouldn’t irritate them too much.
Knitting spiders
Latin name: Tetragratha. Individuals are predominantly gray in color, with a brown stripe on the abdomen, and differ from their counterparts in their elongated body structure, similar to that of an ant. The knitter's thin body carries long legs that can be folded in half. The body length of an adult female varies from 7 to 12 mm, of a male – 6-8 mm. The length of the limbs exceeds the length of the body three times.
The habitat is the area near water bodies and the sea coast. The knitter's web is directed vertically and is aimed at catching flying insects: flies, mosquitoes and midges. Representatives of this genus are absolutely harmless to humans. There are known cases of mass invasion of the species, as a result of which coastal and agricultural areas were covered with webs.
Orb weavers
Latin name – Araneidae. One of the largest families of arachnids, includes more than 3,000 species. The size of an adult spider reaches 8 mm, it is brown in color and has a striped pattern on its abdomen. Orb weavers are distinguished by a rounded abdomen and dark color at the end of the legs. Despite its small size, the hardworking orb weaver is capable of weaving a web with a diameter of up to two meters. The most famous representative of the species is the cross spider. The bite of such a spider causes only pain, similar to a bee sting.
How dangerous are karakurts?
As Egor Repkin, an employee of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology at St. Petersburg State University, told AiF.ru, most karakurt bites occur when a person accidentally disturbs a spider. “The spider itself will not specifically attack a person, only in case of self-defense. It can bite if it is somehow disturbed or accidentally crushed when, for example, it accidentally crawls under clothes,” says the expert.
Karakurt venom contains a large number of different components. “First, neurotoxins—called latrotoxins—they affect our nervous system. The poison also contains digestive enzymes - they can damage tissue and cause inflammation at the site of bites,” explains Repkin.
Sources
- https://hultafors-russia.ru/pauki-podmoskovya-foto-s-nazvaniyami/
- https://felisov.ru/pauki/foto-pauka.html
- https://prostosdel.ru/vidy-paukov-v-podmoskove.html
- https://zolotojdrakon.ru/pauki-v-podmoskove-foto-i-opisanie/
- https://apest.ru/pauki/mesta-obitaniya/pauki-podmoskovya/
- https://parcenter.ru/pauki/pauki-tulskoj-oblasti-foto-i-nazvanie.html
- https://PonoStop.ru/muhi/pauki-v-moskve-vidy.html
- https://dwtb.ru/domashnie/pauki-moskovskoj-oblasti.html
- https://stopklopu.com/pauki-podmoskova-foto-nazvania-i-opisanie/
- https://parazitdoma.ru/drugie-parazity/pauki-rossii
- https://dacha.help/derevya-i-kustarniki/yadovitye-pauki-v-rossii
- https://KlopaBei.ru/muhi-i-moshki/pauki-podmoskovya-foto-i-nazvaniya.html
[collapse]
