Rules and means for treating goats against ticks and what to do if they are bitten by a parasite

Viral encephalitis is spread by ixodid ticks that live among the grass and on the lower branches of bushes. The infection is transmitted through a bite, the incubation period lasts 7-30 days. Symptoms manifest clearly or are absent in the case of carriage. Is it possible to drink milk if a goat has been bitten by a tick? What are the dangers? Read on in our article.

Protection and prevention measures

Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis:
If you are going on a hike or a trip to an area that is “famous” for a large number of ticks (and especially if this region is an area where tick-borne encephalitis is widespread), it makes sense to get a special vaccination in advance.

The vaccination course consists of two vaccinations, the interval between which is from one to three months. Further revaccination should be carried out after three years (and for children over twelve years old after the first revaccination - every five years).

Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis are never given to children under 1 year of age. In the same way, it is very risky for small babies to carry out emergency prophylaxis (if the baby is bitten by a tick), because immunoglobulin preparations are based on protein and can cause a severe allergic reaction. Think about this when you take completely defenseless babies into the forest with you!

Prevention of tick-borne borreliosis:

Alas, there is no vaccine against tick-borne borreliosis. But, fortunately, unlike tick-borne encephalitis, in the early stages this disease can be quickly and successfully treated

Therefore, for 30 days after a tick bite, it is very important to carefully monitor the symptoms - whether they appear or not. The most obvious marker of tick-borne borreliosis is the appearance of a rash in the form of red circles around the bite site

If red circles appear, you must immediately contact an infectious disease specialist and begin a course of treatment.

If red circles do not appear on the skin, but within 60 days after the tick bite the child experiences muscle and joint pain, you should also consult a doctor immediately. In this case, no longer with suspicion of tick-borne borreliosis, but with obvious concerns about tick-borne encephalitis.

Emergency drug prophylaxis against tick-borne borreliosis also exists - it can be prescribed by a doctor upon your request, but no later than 72 hours after the bite. However, this procedure is performed only on children over 8 years of age.

Treatment of skin diseases around the eyelids

If suspicious inflammation in the eyelid area, redness, or pain appears, you should consult an ophthalmologist. After the examination, the doctor will make an accurate diagnosis and explain what to do for eyelid swelling and other symptoms, prescribe adequate treatment, and recommend preventive measures. This can be a massage of the eyelids with rinsing of the lacrimal ducts, opening of formations on the eyelid, the use of ointments and medications.

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Application of repellents

To protect goats, chemical substances are used - insect killers, which have the ability to enter into an adhesive interaction with skin lipids and remain on it until the epidermis peels off. Some goat breeders mistakenly believe that a tick can be coated with oil and it will fall off. This sometimes happens, but in most cases, the arthropod cannot be removed. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately apply the insecticide. From the moment the parasite attaches itself to the arrival of contagia from its intestines, a day may pass. If the tick falls off earlier, the goat will most likely not show symptoms of the disease.

To kill insects on the surface of a goat, the following types of drugs are used:

Injectable. Products based on ivermectin are in demand. A subcutaneous injection of 1 ml/50 kg will destroy fleas, lice, ticks and protect the goat from parasite attack. Can ivermectin be administered to lactating animals? Not only for them, but also for females in the last five weeks of pregnancy. The penalty for meat is 1 month.

Destructive emulsions. Developed based on the following compounds with insecticidal activity:

• FOS;
• pyrethroids;
• tsifoks, tsiperil;
• fipronil insecticides.

FOS

There are a lot of drugs that can be used to treat goats against ticks.

When choosing them, you should pay attention to the restrictions on their use. Thus, many drugs are contraindicated in pregnant goats.

The most famous are Dichlorvos, Diazinon, Blotik. When using the latter drug, milk should not be used for food for a day, meat - for two weeks.

Pyrethroids

The largest family of insecticidal drugs. They are designed to kill insects on the skin of animals, protect against their attacks, and can be used to treat pasture areas. The most famous are Neostomazan and Butox. Tsifoks, Entomazan. Manufacturers issue instructions for use, which are common to most drugs; they differ in dosage, as well as withdrawal periods. Thus, when irrigating goats with Entomazan C, the milk can be used for food starting from the second milking. The penalty for meat is 10 days.

Fipronil insecticides

Special insecticides based on this compound are not in demand for goats, but it is allowed to kill ticks with such means, for example, Bars spray.

Treatment - how to deal with fleas on a goat?

A large number of means have been developed to kill blood-sucking insects on the body of an animal. The use of the drug comes down to its effectiveness, toxicity, ease of application, and availability. With a large number of goats, it is advisable to consider means of group processing, which will reduce the cost of operating personnel and speed up the control process. On farms with a small number of goats, you can approach the treatment process individually.

Methods of using insecticides

Bathing animals has been one of the most common flea control techniques in years past. There are two fundamentally different technologies:

• group bathing - the entire population of goats is driven through baths at least 4 meters long and up to a meter deep. The container itself is filled with a solution of preparations for fleas, ticks and other parasites;
• individual - containers with antiparasitic agents can also be used, but special shampoos and soaps are more often used.

Bathing goats has a lot of disadvantages. Firstly, this is a huge waste of working solution. Secondly, it can only be carried out in the summer. Thirdly, the need to have special sites and the complexity of the procedure.

Nowadays, spraying is more often used for mass treatments. With the help of aerosol generators, anti-flea agent is evenly sprayed into the room, which covers the entire body of the goat. In addition, spraying makes it possible to carry out treatment in the goat's rue.

Goat pollination is becoming less and less common. Fine powders (dusts) were popular 30-40 years ago, due to the lack of alternative drugs. But now they are seriously inferior in efficiency and more toxic. Dusts also do not adhere well to wool.

Injectable drugs - Aversect, Ivomec and others. They are administered intradermally or subcutaneously. When bitten, the flea drinks blood containing the drug, which causes it to die. These products have proven to be highly effective and provide long-term protection. But their main drawback is that they do not protect against vectors of infection.

It is quite rare to see the use of specialized collars and tags against fleas and other parasitic arthropods. Such items are made of a polymer material that is impregnated with a repellent or disinfestant, which allows either to repel or destroy fleas on the host’s body.

You should alternate types of flea medications - parasites may become resistant to a particular drug, so treatment often does not bring results.

Purons are a group of anti-parasite remedies applied to the withers and along the spine. Available in the form of solutions, emulsions, dusts, ointments and other forms. Their main advantage is the impossibility of the goat licking the active substance, which allows the use of potent agents.

Flea medications:

• organophosphorus compounds (chlorophos, dichlorvos, ectoral) - potent but short-term medications, used to kill fleas on the body and indoors;
• organochlorine preparations (lindane, imidocloprid) are highly toxic, but insects do not develop resistance to them;
• carbamates (sevin, propoxur, diril) - relatively weak substances, but with repellent properties, low toxicity;
• pyrethroids (permethrin, anandin, butox) are slightly toxic agents that are highly effective, but fleas can develop resistance;
• phenylpyrazoles (fipronil) form a long-term effect;
• Ivermectins (Ivomec, Ivermec, Ivermag) are injectable medications that, in addition to external parasitic arthropods, also destroy a number of intestinal helminths.

History of virus research

Medicine has long been studying encephalitis, with doctors and scientists from around the world doing this, including the Russian Federation. The author of the first clinical description of the disease was the domestic scientist A. Panov, who provided the necessary information about the disease back in 1935.

Soon, a group of scientists from Pavlovsky, Zilber, together with other specialists, studied in more detail the clinical picture of encephalitis, its epidemiology, and developed some preventive methods and rules.

The virus was first isolated in 1937 by scientists from the brains of dead patients, as well as during an experiment with ticks and wild vertebrate animals from the Far East.

Every year, Rospotrebnadzor employees remind citizens of the country that before consuming milk, it must undergo fairly effective heat treatment; at a minimum, this product must be thoroughly boiled.

As statistics show, almost every year in Russia there is an infection with viral encephalitis through milk. The main route of infection is the consumption of a sheep or goat; less commonly, the carrier is a cow's dairy product, in which harmful bacteria live for about 14 days, and in sour cream made from contaminated milk - 60 days.

Scientists report that if an animal is bitten by an infected tick, then they themselves become carriers of the disease in erased forms, and in the future they become chronic carriers when the virus lives in the blood and milk of the animal: goats, cows, etc.

At any market in any city in the country you can buy raw milk, unauthorized sour cream, cottage cheese, cream and other dairy products from local farmers. Many families like to send their children to the village, where ticks not only directly bite people, but also animals that provide seemingly healthy food. Any milk must be boiled before consumption.

Foodborne transmission of tick-borne encephalitis

Everyone probably knows how people become infected with ixodid ticks, and that this happens through a bite, but not everyone assumes that there is another way of transmitting the infection, namely through the digestive organs when consuming raw goat milk.

Most people associate tick-borne encephalitis with the danger of a tick bite in nature, but few people think that the danger comes not only from the bite. It also comes from the animal itself, which has been subjected to such an invasion of the parasite and has become infected, and the milk is simply dangerous for human consumption in its raw form.

Infection with encephalitis through goat milk

When consuming a raw product, the virus enters the gastrointestinal tract. Localized in tissues and cells. Gradually penetrates the capillaries, enters the blood, spreads throughout the body, multiplies in the blood. From the lymph, the virus migrates to the immune system, affecting the central nervous system, brain, and spinal cord.

The goat was bitten by a tick

The first manifestations of encephalitis resemble the flu, but tend to recur after some time with renewed vigor. In the absence of qualified therapy, the virus progresses. In severe cases it leads to madness, paralysis, disability, and death.

On a note!

Tick ​​bites are less dangerous for cows. The virus penetrates into milk, but the period of viremia is much shorter than in goats, so the frequency of human diseases through cow's milk is lower.

Symptoms of encephalitis in goats

Tick ​​bites cause a local allergic reaction - redness, swelling, induration. After some time, the skin is restored without special treatment. Symptoms of encephalitis rarely appear clearly. There is blood in the goat's urine, fever, paralysis of the hind and then forelimbs, and convulsions. After a few days, recovery or complications occur. It all depends on the strength of the animal’s immunity.

In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic. The goat behaves as usual. Only the appetite decreases slightly and the amount of milk decreases.

Signs of encephalitis

The main symptoms of encephalitis are the following:

1. General cerebral symptoms include frequent and severe headaches, often localized in the frontal region, nausea, vomiting, fear of light, and epileptic seizures. The person may simply be lethargic or even fall into a real coma.
2. The central nervous system also begins to malfunction: limb paresis, severe irritation, seizures.
3. Fever, high temperature, chills.

In some cases, the disease may be asymptomatic, which complicates the diagnostic process. And late treatment is often not effective and the disease leads to death.

Consequences of a dog bite

An animal attack on a person always has negative consequences. Emotional people, especially children, may need psychological help to cope with traumatic memories.

A dog bite is always accompanied by human infection, and the lack of necessary and correctly prescribed treatment leads to the development of the following diseases:

Brain abscess

• damage to the nervous system causes meningitis and brain abscess;
• due to damage to bone tissue, arthritis and osteomyelitis develop;
• an animal can infect a person with ticks, lichen, and a number of fungal diseases.

The greatest danger is the risk of contracting rabies from a sick animal. Ignoring the disease and refusing treatment will lead to death. Symptoms of rabies in the first stage of development:

• pain in muscles, throat, bite site;
• burning, redness in the affected area;
• loss of appetite;
• slight increase in temperature.

With the beginning of the second stage of the spread of the rabies virus, a person begins to show signs of emotional agitation, fear of water, excessive salivation, and aggressive behavior.

At the third (last) stage, the illusion arises that the disease has receded. Most of the symptoms disappear, but then the patient’s temperature rises critically (up to +40...+42 °C), convulsions and body paralysis appear. At this stage, rabies cannot be treated and the person dies.

Methods of protection

The following are ways to protect goats from ticks:

• stall housing;
• pasture selection;
• extermination of ticks on grass;
• elimination of arthropods on goats;
• use of repellents.

Stall housing

In areas where there is a massive increase in tick activity in the spring, an effective measure to prevent invasion is to extend the stall season. At this time, the grass is still not suitable for goats to eat: its height does not allow them to capture food, and excessive moisture can cause digestive upset. When the plants reach a height sufficient for grazing, dry weather most often sets in, during which mites are not active. This technique is in demand in the southern regions, with hot and dry summers, but is unacceptable for wooded or taiga areas, where high humidity, and, consequently, insect activity persists throughout the grazing season. In this case, a tick attack should be expected from the leaves of low bushes.

Pasture selection

It is known that special conditions are required for ticks to live - an abundance of moisture, as well as decomposing remains of broad-leaved plants. If the pasture is dominated by cereals, it is located far from fields where broad-leaved forage plants are grown - clover, alfalfa, rapeseed and others, then the likelihood of encountering a tick is low.

Destruction of ticks on grass

This method is acceptable if goats are grazed in a limited area. During the period when ticks are active, the vegetation is treated with pesticides that are harmful to arthropods, but safe for herbivores when ingested. It must be taken into account that such preparations are destructive to bees; when rainwater flows from the treated area into ponds or rivers, fish may die. The event is carried out, according to the instructions, in calm, dry weather. Once the treated vegetation dries, it becomes safe for the ruminants that eat it, and the pesticide becomes insoluble in rainwater.

Destruction of ticks on a goat

Medical products are not suitable for protecting a goat from ticks, because most of them will be retained by the hair and will not reach the skin, and also for financial reasons.

After mechanical collection of insects, goats are treated with acaricidal agents, which will be discussed in more detail below.

Biology

The arthropod parasite damages the skin and sucks blood. To prevent it from curling up, the tick releases saliva, which may contain pathogens of dangerous diseases - viruses, bacteria, protozoa. To prevent the prey from interfering with the insect's feeding, the female secretes an analgesic. In just a few days, an ixodid tick can increase its own size by consuming blood a hundred times. Having had enough, the female falls off, lays eggs and dies.

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Where can ticks live?

If there is no suitable food, the larva, nymph or adult falls into suspended animation, remaining viable for years. In this state, the parasite is immune to insecticides, which makes it difficult to control.

Ticks are active during the period when there is young growing grass in a pasture, meadow, or clearing. The best habitat for them is considered to be forest litter, or the remains of broad-leaved plants, for example, forage crops such as rapeseed and legumes. In frosty or dry, hot weather, the tick freezes, but at the first opportunity it becomes active. Ticks are found on goats visiting places where grass grows in the south of the Russian Federation as early as February. The second peak of insect activity occurs in the fall. In wooded areas, with sufficient moisture, ticks are active throughout the grazing season.

Piroplasmidosis: symptoms

The incubation period of the disease is 2-3 weeks after a direct tick bite. Symptoms of piroplasmosis appear brightly and acutely:

• body temperature rises to +41 +42°C;
• the state of the animal is depressed;
• appetite and chewing gum worsen;
• mucous membranes become yellow;
• after 2-3 days the color of the urine changes to pink, later it becomes dark red;
• the milk also changes color to reddish and begins to taste bitter.

After infection, the cow experiences digestive dysfunction and liver damage; pregnant women may have a miscarriage. The prognosis of the disease is unfavorable, because after 4-5 days, in 60% of cases the animal dies.

Diagnosis of the disease can be done in the laboratory: take a blood test for the presence of these microorganisms.

What to do to avoid getting infected

You can protect yourself and your family from a fatal disease in a simple way - heat-treat milk. The encephalitis virus dies at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius in 2 minutes. At temperatures within 37 °C it is destroyed after 2 days. When boiled, it collapses in the first seconds. Just bring the milk to a boil and turn it off immediately.

Other methods of protection involve reducing the likelihood of goats being bitten by ticks while on pastures.

Treatment of piroplasmosis

The effectiveness of therapy and the life of cattle depend on how quickly drug treatment is started. Medicines for cows against ticks: pyrotropic medications: Azidin-vet, Berenil, etc.

In order to prevent cow tick bites, it is necessary to take preventive measures:

• to protect the cow, you need to use special sprays and emulsions to repel blood-sucking pests, which are sprayed on the skin of animals;
• graze cows only in clean areas of the pasture, for which they should be pre-checked at the beginning of the grazing season;
• after returning from pasture (during the period of danger of the appearance of “bloodsuckers”), all cattle must be carefully examined for parasites and the tick must be immediately removed, if any.

Protecting the cow's mammary gland

To protect the udder of cows from the bites of blood-sucking insects, veterinarians recommend the use of special antiparasitic ointments, liniments, and pharmaceutical mash. Most varieties of bloodsuckers prefer delicate, hairless areas of the skin, so the udder of cows is the first to suffer.

To protect the mammary glands of cows, preparations are used that contain eucalyptus oil, rosemary, lavender, laurel, menthol, and camphor. Ointments have a specific pungent odor, thereby repelling blood-sucking insects. They have an antiseptic, anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory effect.

Cow udder treatment

What you need to prevent a tick bite

The best protection is vaccination. Two vaccinations with an interval of one month are enough for immunity to develop. The interval can be reduced to two weeks if necessary. If it is not possible to wait, emergency prophylaxis can be carried out using immunoglobulin. In this case, the effect of protection will occur within a day, but will last no more than one month.

To fully develop immunity and last for three years, it is necessary to get the 3rd vaccination after 10-12 months. Over time, the level of antibodies decreases. Doctors recommend revaccination every 3 years.

Prevention – preventing infection

The pathogen must not be allowed to enter the farm. For this purpose, all new animals must be treated twice with a 10-day interval, followed by examination. The same is done with goats that have run away and that have had contact with other animals. It is necessary to purchase goats only from farms free from lice.

But you can only isolate livestock on your own farm. Private owners and small goat breeders, who herd goats together in the summer as a whole settlement, cannot prevent infection in this way. Therefore, it is necessary to treat animals before moving them to pasture in the spring and placing them in a stall in the fall. In addition, the drugs are used in the summer - once every two months, this is also done to combat other parasites.

An important element of the fight is maintaining a high sanitary and hygienic level on the farm. Proper planning of the goat house (normal lighting, ventilation, distribution of floor space per livestock), regular cleaning and disinfection of the premises. A good level of feeding maintains the resistance of goats - siphunculatosis in well-fed animals often occurs without symptoms.

Although lice in goats cannot live outside the animal’s body for a long time (more than 1-2 days), this is often enough for re-infection. Therefore, after processing the livestock, it is necessary to mechanically clean the barn and carry out disinfection. Manure is stored for biothermal disinfection.

What to do if a child is bitten by a tick? Emergency measures

If the parasite looks appropriate (all the main signs are present), and characteristic symptoms also appear, then it is assumed that a tick has attacked. At the same time, they consider the most accessible methods for children to remove the pest from the skin without consequences.

How to remove a tick?

You should seek help as soon as possible. You need to look for the nearest emergency room or hospital, in this case you should go to the emergency room. If this is not possible, and there is no experience or idea of ​​what to do if a child is bitten by a tick, it is recommended to study the instructions that will allow you to remove the parasite from the epidermis at home:

• Select a tool: twister, pliers, lasso handle. If this is not possible, you need to find out how to remove a tick from a child using a thread or tweezers. These are the main options for using improvised means when providing first aid to a baby at home (in the country).
• If a child is bitten by a tick, what to do in this case - further actions depend on what tool is used. However, first the parasite needs to be caught and secured.

Perform several turns with the tool. In this case, you should not apply excessive pressure, otherwise you can damage the parasite. Then you will have to re-remove the part of his body stuck in the epidermis.

During the process of unscrewing, the tool holding the parasite is slightly lifted, but there is no need to try to pull it out forcibly

It is important to wait until the tick loosens its grip. At the same time, you can feel that it gives in to movement to the side away from the skin.

Features of using different tools:

puller: it is installed perpendicular to the skin, while the protruding double element will be in a horizontal plane, it is brought to the parasite and moved until it falls into the slot; lasso handle: you can remove the tick according to the standard scheme, but first you need to throw a loop over the pest, it should be above the outer integument, with its help the parasite is fixed in the area of ​​the head where it connects to the proboscis; forceps, tweezers: the steps for removing a tick in this case are the same as when using other tools, but it is important to position the tweezers horizontally.

Removing ticks from skin

How to treat the bite site? First aid at home

If you find a parasite, you need to remember that it is dangerous, it can carry pathogens, as a result of which a person develops diseases after a bite: tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis (Lyme disease).

First, the skin must be washed with soap. Consider drugs for treatment:

• alcohol-containing products;
• vodka;

• Chlorhexidine;
• iodine (at a concentration not higher than 5%).

Antiseptics were discussed above. Antimicrobial agents for topical use are also suitable:

• Betadine;
• Sintomycin;
• Erythromycin.

The treatment is carried out when it has been possible to remove the parasite from the skin. While he is still sucking blood, no manipulations should be carried out (use antiseptics, repellents). This can cause the parasite to attach itself even more firmly to the skin and inject an additional portion of saliva into the skin.

Therapeutic measures

Tick-borne encephalitis is afraid of high temperatures and dies at 60° C within half an hour. At a temperature of 37° C, the bacterium lives for several days. You can get rid of the virus by boiling goat milk for 2 minutes. Experts recommend eating only boiled or sterilized products.

People who keep pets need to follow simple rules, creating an unfavorable environment for the development of ticks. To prevent goats from becoming infected with tick-borne encephalitis, you should regularly mow the grass, actively fight rodents, remove leaves and maintain the area. Goats that produce milk must graze on specially prepared pastures.

Following these instructions will help limit the possibility of becoming infected with tick-borne encephalitis through goat's milk.

Maliciousness

Insects injure the skin and transmit contagion. Conflicting information comes from different sources about tick-borne encephalitis in goats, which is dangerous to humans. There are no clinical manifestations of this pathology in ruminants, but there is a possibility of the virus being excreted in milk for 8 days after a tick attack.

Methods of infection

If several individuals are parasitized on a goat, they suck a significant amount of blood, which causes anemia. Trying to remove a tick can cause significant harm to the victim. The insect's head remains deep in the skin, causing severe inflammation.

Tick ​​sucking blood

First aid

An attack by a blood-sucking parasite is not only unpleasant, but also very dangerous. After all, ticks are among those parasites that are carriers of dangerous diseases and, when bitten, can transmit an infection to a person. Starting from spring and ending in autumn, bloodsuckers are able to attack humans.

The most frequent visits to medical institutions are associated with suspected infections of encephalitis, borreliosis, as well as inflammatory processes that developed after the attack.

The parasites are most dangerous in regions where there are the greatest number of encephalitis outbreaks. Not every tick is dangerous, only the one that is infected itself, but the risk of infection is quite high. In many ways, it is human actions that can minimize the risk of infection. In cases where a bite has occurred, the further situation, possible complications and the development of the disease depend on the actions.

It is not always possible to notice a parasite attached to the body, and this greatly complicates the situation. The fact is that when these parasites bite, they release an anesthetic enzyme and the person does not feel any discomfort at all. Having drunk blood, it falls off the body on its own and it is only possible to understand that an attack has occurred when symptoms appear.

Another danger is that if a person does not know about the attack and after a while he develops symptoms, he does not associate them with a tick, but thinks that it is a cold or flu. Without proper treatment, the infection develops in the body causing serious consequences.

Therefore, it is very important after every walk in nature, in a park area, to take a shower and carefully examine the body. It takes the parasite a long time to satisfy its hunger, which makes it possible to detect it

If we talk about symptoms, they include increased body temperature, weakness and drowsiness, aching joints, and a person loses appetite. If a person is hypersensitive, dermatitis develops on the skin. There may also be swelling where there is a dot in the center. It is very easy to spot a parasite that feeds on blood.

Epizootological data

The spread of lice among farm animals is possible only through close contact. Free keeping often eliminates infection, since parasites quickly die in the external environment. The disease reaches large proportions when the housing is crowded - improperly planned premises, exceeding the norm of heads per square meter. Especially many cases of invasion are observed in winter and during year-round stall breeding of goats. The increase in the number of infected animals begins in the fall, peaks in winter, and gradually decreases by summer.

The decrease in the number of parasites in summer is associated not only with a decrease in contact between animals. Lice are sensitive to high temperatures . Under the sun's rays, the hair of goats (especially downy ones) at the withers can heat up to temperatures above 40 degrees, which is destructive for these parasites.

On the body of a goat, parasites are usually localized on the face, neck, dewlap and limbs. This should be taken into account when treating animals with insecticidal preparations. Lice are widespread, but to bring the pathogen onto a farm, contact with other goats is necessary, which is why quarantine measures are so important for all purchased animals.

What should I do if bitten by a tick

After each visit to potentially dangerous places, you should remove all clothing and carefully examine yourself for ticks (or ask someone else to do this). If you find a tick on your body, you need to act according to the following plan:

1. The most important thing is to remove the tick from under the skin as early as possible. If you have the opportunity, it is better to seek help from specialists. If this is impossible, try to remove the tick yourself. You will need tweezers or a special hook for removing ticks (anti-tick remover) and an alcohol-containing product (alcohol, vodka, cologne, chlorhexidine, etc.). Clean your hands, tweezers and the bite site with alcohol. Then grab the tick with tweezers as close to the skin as possible and begin to slowly twist it or move it back and forth and left and right. At this moment, the most important thing is not to rush, so as not to tear the abdomen away from the head, which is under your skin, because bacteria and viruses are located precisely in the saliva of the parasite.
2. After removing the tick, treat the bite site with an alcohol-containing product again.
3. Place the extracted parasite in a glass jar on a damp cotton pad and take it to the laboratory within two days. There, after the examination, they will tell you whether the tick was infected with any disease.

This study can be carried out at any regional “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology”. Such work usually takes only a few days.

You can go the other way and get tested yourself. The most dangerous diseases transmitted by ticks are tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease (borreliosis). After a bite, you should have your blood tested to check for these diseases. Such studies are carried out in infectious diseases hospitals.

If you do not have this opportunity, then you need to carefully monitor your health for several weeks after the incident. Symptoms that should alert you:

• rash;
• elevated temperature;
• labored breathing;
• confusion;
• Strong headache;
• convulsions.

They can appear the next day after meeting a tick, or a week or two later. If they occur, you should immediately call an ambulance or consult a doctor.

You should also observe the swelling that always appears at the site of the tick bite. If it decreases within a few days, the likelihood of infection is extremely low. If the swelling not only does not go away, but, on the contrary, becomes more and more severe, this is also a reason to go to the doctor. Most tick-borne diseases are treatable, but only if the person seeks help as quickly as possible after infection.

The best way to protect against tick-borne encephalitis is vaccination. Vaccination is carried out in two stages: the first time in the fall, the second vaccination in the spring. Half a month after it, your body will be protected from a dangerous disease.

The tick is a dangerous enemy. The best defense against it is prevention.

How does a tick attach itself and where does it bite most often?

The process of ixodid tick attachment to a victim is divided into two categories: passive and active.

• The first involves the tick living in grass, bushes or near paths, where many people or animals accumulate. Without wasting any effort, the tick, having found its future owner, attaches itself to it. But this only happens in cases where a person’s legs are open, because the tick attacks from below. However, clothes are not a hindrance to him - the tick makes its way up it, finding an open area of ​​​​the body.
• The second method of attack is active. It is built on an instinctive level, since the tick senses its victim and makes its way to it in all possible ways. Following his incredibly acute senses, he makes his way closer to the grass, crawling onto it, and waits for the approach of a person or animal. When the victim approaches the optimal distance, the tick, spreading its two front legs with claws forward, clings to the fur, skin or clothing. If the target is lost, but the tick, driven by hunger and instinct, continues to pursue it. The picture shows the most favorite places where ticks bite.

The areas with the thinnest and most delicate skin seem to be the most attractive for ticks to bite. As already mentioned, these include the neck and head

But you should also pay great attention to examining the groin area, armpits, chest and abdomen, because most ticks keenly sense the smell of sweat, which is very attractive to them

Is it possible to cure acarodermatitis with folk remedies?

Folk remedies for scabies mites may not be enough for a complete recovery. Additional procedures are used:

1. Applying a mixture of sour cream and gunpowder.
2. Rubbing with laundry soap with garlic added.

4 tablespoons of ghee are mixed with elecampane root, boiled, strained and cooled. Add sulfur (2 tablespoons) and the same amount of tar. A pig or other animal walks around with the product on its body for a couple of hours. Next, 50 grams of root requires a liter of water. Boil the product for 20 minutes. The ointment that has already been on the affected areas is washed off with the resulting decoction. All this needs to be done twice a day.

In addition, the skin is lubricated with green nuts, sunflower oil, lavender, and cigarette ash.

We process cowsheds

Acaricidal treatment of barns is one of the conditions for achieving the best effect in the fight against parasites. It is carried out through the use of aerosols and water-soluble preparations. Conveniently, you can use the same products as for treating cows.

Particular attention should be paid to cracks in walls and feeders. It is first necessary to clear the room of manure and only then spray it with acaricides, for example, chlorophos (1.5% solution of the active substance)

Approximate consumption: 2 liters of liquid per 10 m2 of area. Spraying is carried out in a ventilated area, after which the windows and doors are closed and left for 2-3 hours. The treated barn is first thoroughly ventilated, and only after ventilation are the cattle allowed inside.

Prevention of tick control in cattle should be comprehensive, i.e. Not only the animal itself is processed, but also the room in which it lives. Actions are carried out systematically: both in spring and summer and in autumn and winter.

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How to treat goats against ticks

There are several types of drugs with different mechanisms of action, but they all protect the animal from pest bites and tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Injectable anti-tick products

Emulsions, aerosols

Common products with insecticidal activity.

• PHOSES. Dichlorvos, Blotik, Diazinon. Goats are processed outdoors. The spray can is kept at a distance of 20 cm from the fur. Milk is allowed to be drunk the next day.
• Pyrethroids. Insecticidal preparations are used to treat goat wool and pastures. Before use, prepare the solution according to the instructions. The concentration is selected depending on the body weight of the animal. After treatment, goats are allowed to drink milk after the second milking. The drugs are effective for up to 1 month. Effective products - Butox, Neostomazan.
• Fipronil insecticides. The drugs are intended for ticks, but can be used for disinfestation of goats. Often used. The active substances are localized in the sebaceous ducts of the skin and on the animal’s fur. Protects against ticks for 2 months.

Before using any chemical, you need to study the instructions and the list of contraindications. To achieve maximum effect, several methods of control and prevention are used at once.