Herding cows: how to do it correctly and where it is possible when they are taken out to graze

Proper management of cows without grazing

It is possible to keep healthy dairy cows without grazing.
This requires a small walking area (minimum 15 m2 per cow) and provision of the animal with mowed grass. Example(!): On my farm, not far from my house, there is a summer house - it is also a walking area and the cows sleep and milk there in the warm season. This makes the cows more comfortable - fresh air, freedom of movement and sun.

To keep one dairy cow without grazing, you need a plot of land of at least 15 m2, and preferably 20-25 m2. If there are more animals, then for each additional cow another 5 m2 is added (optimally 7-8 m2).

Advantages of grazing cattle

Pasture keeping of cattle is practiced in almost all latitudes of the globe. It’s just that somewhere this process occurs year-round, and in most regions of our country - during the 3-4 warmest months. Transferring cattle to pasture housing, even for such a short period, has many advantages compared to stall housing:

Reduction in cost by 25-30%. Green grass is the cheapest food. It costs 2-3 times less than any analogue for stall housing, therefore the profitability of dairy or meat production will be higher.
High biological value of green herbs. Grazing livestock on such a feed base produces high milk yields - up to 20 kilograms or more - and an intensive increase in meat mass.
Productivity. Milk yield not only increases by 25-30%, but the product itself becomes more valuable - it contains a lot of carotene, the milk is fattier and tastier. It is not for nothing that Alpine and Dutch milk is considered the best, while the product obtained from cows receiving silage has low taste characteristics.
Animal health. When grazing on pasture, the consequences of unbalanced nutrition during the stall period are eliminated.
Positive effect on reproduction. Fertility rates are higher, offspring are born more viable, and overall there are fewer complications during calving.

WHY MOVE CATTLE TO SUMMER PASTURE?

– Ruslan Mikhailovich, please tell us why we need to move our livestock to summer pastures?

– I would like to talk in a few words about transhumance livestock farming. This is a form of cattle breeding organization in which livestock are located on pastures, far from populated areas, during a certain season of the year. Sheep, horses and young cattle are most adapted to such maintenance.

It is known that natural forage lands and, first of all, natural pastures are an important source for the production of cheap feed. Their products account for 40 percent of the feed balance, including 80 percent or more of the need for green feed. Succulent grass in the early stages of plant development is the most complete and cheapest food for animals. The dry matter of young grass is close in nutritional value to concentrates, but significantly exceeds them in the biological value of proteins and vitamin content. From this it is clear that during the period of grazing the most intensive increase in live weight and productivity of animals occurs. In addition, a feed unit of pastures costs 2-3 times less than other feeds. Therefore, the large areas of natural pastures available in each settlement and the region as a whole must be used correctly and effectively, maintaining and increasing their productivity from year to year.

It should also be remembered that the value of wild vegetation lies in its exceptional drought resistance. Cereal plants create a thick layer of turf in the soil, which ensures its certain preservation during intensive grazing. At the same time, the practice of recent years shows that natural lands in the Oka are insufficiently and unevenly used. Unsystematic exploitation has led to a decrease in the productivity of pastures and hayfields almost everywhere, and an increase in the area of degraded lands. As a result, the current productivity of hayfields and pastures is significantly lower than their potential.

In our conditions, natural pastures and hayfields are the foundation, the main basis of the environment. Therefore, not only the economic condition, but also the environmental well-being of the population depends on their condition. One thing is clear that mobile (nomadic) use of pastures must be rational and effective.

– What is the effectiveness of such content?

– The use of transhumance livestock farming will allow us to significantly increase the number of all types of livestock. The economic efficiency of transhumance livestock farming lies in the fact that with insignificant costs for feeding and maintaining livestock and labor to care for them, the cost of livestock products is sharply reduced; Significant areas of arable land are being released on the main territory of farms for the development of other branches of agricultural production. In other words, mobile livestock farming is an activity that is justified both environmentally and economically. It should be remembered that in order to obtain a long-term economic effect, it is necessary to comply with the basic elements of rational grazing (load, start and end dates of grazing, compliance with optimal phytomass alienation coefficients, guaranteed water supply, etc.).

Transhumance livestock farming is based on seasonal movement of livestock over relatively short distances. Cattle are usually moved to high mountain pastures in summer and to lowland valleys in winter.

For reference, I will say that in the Okinsky district there are 22,831 hectares of farmland, including arable land - 1,719 hectares, hayfields - 2,592 hectares, pastures - 18,520 hectares. From this it can be seen that the largest part consists of pastures.

– How can we organize the movement of animals to summer pastures?

– You don’t have to look far for an example. In the recent past, in order to make full use of natural pastures before pasturing livestock for summer maintenance, citizens’ gatherings were held in each locality, where they determined what kind of livestock was available in the village by sex and age groups and types of livestock. Only dairy cows, young animals born in the current year and, if necessary, kumys mares were left in the village for the summer. The rest of the livestock was sent to distant pastures assigned to this village. The number of herds and their location were determined. Shepherds were chosen and their pay was determined. All this was recorded and strictly executed by local authorities. Cattle grazing on remote pastures continued until late autumn. In my deep conviction, such a procedure for keeping livestock must be organized in every rural locality even today. This work should be led by rural settlements with the involvement of agricultural specialists.

In my opinion, the time has come to actively use distant pastures in our region. This is a huge wealth, and it must be used for the successful development of livestock farming.

Our generation still has fresh memories of the times when great importance was attached to transhumance. Traditionally, cattle were sent to transhumance pastures mainly after May 9, when stable warm weather set in. Before grazing the cattle, the person who intended to graze the cattle on the pastures first went to the plots. Much attention was paid to ensuring the safety of the livestock from possible predators.

– Ruslan Mikhailovich, what is the legal side of this type of livestock farming?

– This is legally enshrined in the Rules for keeping, grazing and driving farm animals, approved on the territory of each settlement. They describe in detail the rights and obligations of owners of farm animals, the procedure for their maintenance, grazing and running, and stipulate the amount of fines for causing harm, damage to agricultural land, and crops.

As for the imposition of fines, the head of the Department of Agriculture has authority in this area, who is authorized to draw up protocols on administrative violations. Heads of rural settlements have the same rights.

- Thank you for the interview!

Society

With the beginning of the grazing season in the regional center, for several years in a row, the problem of stray stray cattle has become acute. From spring to autumn, herds of goats, sheep, cows and even herds of horses walk freely along the streets of the village. They trample lawns, destroy flower beds, young green spaces, and wander into gardens and vegetable gardens, causing considerable damage to their owners. Often, stray homeless cattle create an emergency situation on the streets of the village and on the highway passing nearby, endangering not only their lives, but also the lives and health of people participating in the movement. Goats have been roaming in the regional center for a long time, since Soviet times. They were never grazed, although they should have been. But the outrages with sheep and cows began to happen three or four years ago. There were no more people willing to be hired as shepherds. The number of livestock decreased, and the income of shepherds decreased accordingly. It is also costly for livestock owners to increase their payments. They tried to organize alternate herding, as in the villages of the region. Did not work out. Previously, each microdistrict of the regional center and Starye Kaltasy had its own herd and its own shepherd. Last year, livestock grazing was already organized only in the northern microdistrict. But now the shepherd is gone there too. All for the same reason. Thus, if grazing is not organized, there will be even more stray cattle in the regional center. Deputies of the district and village councils, representatives of the veterinary service and the agriculture department of the district administration took part in the meeting in the administration of the Kaltasinsky rural settlement. After discussing all aspects of the problem, it was decided to hold meetings with livestock owners and invite them to purchase electric shepherds. Installing them on pastures can solve the problem. There is no other option. In neighboring areas this has long been practiced everywhere. Yes, and we have examples. In the small village of Yasnaya Polyana, Kaltasinsky rural settlement, cattle have been grazing behind the wire fence of an electric shepherd for several years now. And no problems. In order to force pet owners to pool together the necessary equipment and thus organize grazing of their livestock on pastures, deputy of the Municipal District Council Rinat Khaidarov proposed tightening the fight against stray cattle. Namely, drive them into a special room, charge owners for their care and, of course, fine them for improper care of animals. In a rural settlement, the rules for passage and grazing of livestock are determined. Violation of them already entails penalties. Now, at their next meeting, deputies of the Council of the Kaltasinsky rural settlement intend to make a decision, according to which the punishments for negligent livestock owners will be much tougher. And stray cattle isolated in a pen, if the owner does not show up within three days, can be sent to a meat processing plant. If it is numbered, it is not difficult to find it using the owner's identification number. These are the sanctions that await livestock owners in the event of homeless grazing of their animals. Therefore, it is better to chip in with your friends and buy equipment for an electric shepherd.

08.05.2019

You will answer for the cattle! How to herd pets without getting fined

Previously, the KS portal already wrote about a very unusual case that occurred in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region, when two women were brought to administrative responsibility for allowing a herd of horned animals to graze in a forest. The ladies are now listed among the ranks of malicious lawbreakers, and those around them feel sorry for them - where has it been seen that a fine was also issued for grazing sheep in the village?! But it turns out that this is written down in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. What are the artiodactyls guilty of, what damage can they cause to nature? How should you shepherd the flock so as not to pay in rubles? Let's talk.

I lived with my grandmother...

Issuing punishment for grazing domestic flocks is a very rare case in administrative practice. It would seem, what’s wrong with this - the goats went out into the forest to nibble grass. But no - two residents of the Dmitrovsky district of Moscow Region were fined for bringing their herd into the forest. Let us remind you that the district forester of the Dmitrov branch of the State Public Institution of the Moscow Region “Mosoblles” noticed peacefully grazing goats and sheep. Having assessed the situation, the forester realized that the animals had not wandered into the forest by chance, but were grazing under the supervision of their mistresses. The women were detained, questioned and prosecuted.

“For committing this offense, the women were brought to administrative responsibility in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 8.26 of the Code of the Russian Federation (“Unauthorized use of forests, violation of the rules for using forests for agriculture, destruction of forest resources”),” the department’s press service reported.

According to Part 1 of Art. 8.26 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, such violations are punishable by a fine of 200 to 500 rubles (for citizens); from 500 to 1000 rubles (for officials); from 5,000 to 10,000 rubles (for legal entities).

By the way, the news about the detention of the owners of the herd caused a mixed reaction from the public. Many social media users stood up for the women and wrote very harsh reviews about what happened.

Irina : “Then where to graze your goats? About 20 years ago in our village there were sheep and goats in every yard. And they grazed this herd in the forest. The forest was clean and orderly. And now the forest has turned into an impenetrable thicket, overgrown with hogweed. What kind of nonsense is this about unauthorized use of the forest? Has the forest become private? Two goats will definitely not harm the forest.”

Sergei : “Of course, it’s easier to drive along the edge and catch some old woman with goats and punish him for as much as 200 to 500))) ... Foresters only see old women with goats, and bottles and any other garbage, even construction debris, They don’t notice, it’s been lying there for years. I’m generally silent about dead wood.”

111: “The senior district forester of the Dmitrov branch of the State Public Institution of the Moscow Region “Mosoblles” has been nominated for an award?.. Is it possible to pick mushrooms and berries? Or does this also fit under the law on “Arbitrary use of forests, violation of rules for using forests for agriculture, destruction of forest resources”?”

What are goats to blame for?

In fact, not everything is so simple, and herds can indeed cause great harm to forests. First of all, it should be noted that animals, being in large numbers in the forest, greatly compact the soil, from which even large trees suffer. Trampling causes the greatest harm when the forest grows on heavy soils - loamy and clayey. Grazing by livestock can cause waterlogging in such forests. In addition, potholes and hollows form on heavy loamy soils, and this is the beginning of a dangerous erosion process. In addition, animals trample tree roots with their hooves, causing wounds to appear on them and infection with parasitic fungi. Animals harm the forest, for example, by destroying or severely damaging young trees - self-seeding and undergrowth. Cattle biting the tops of young pine trees leads to catastrophic consequences. Many forest grasses that do not tolerate trampling are disappearing. The grazing of pigs is especially harmful to the forest - they vigorously dig up the soil and in the process severely damage the roots of trees.

“Goats undoubtedly hold the palm in terms of the relative degree of damage caused to the forest among all breeds of farm animals,” said forester Sergei Belov, who detained the hungry herd. — Even when there is a lot of grass in the forest, goats prefer woody food to all other forest vegetation. They gnaw at the shoots of trees and shrubs, thereby destroying self-seeding and undergrowth. Sheep eat grass more readily, but also destroy a lot of undergrowth, littering the soil cover with alien plants. The forest floor is destroyed and great damage is caused to the soil layer. I hope our meeting will serve as a good lesson for summer residents in studying local conditions, according to which grazing of goats and sheep in the forest is prohibited.”

What the law says

Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation Article 8.26. Unauthorized use of forests, violation of rules for using forests for agriculture, destruction of forest resources.”

“Haymaking and grazing of farm animals on lands on which forests are located, in places where this is prohibited, as well as grazing of farm animals without a shepherd on unfenced pastures or without a leash, or in violation of the terms or norms for grazing farm animals, shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine...”

Cattle that walks on its own

With farm animals walking in the forest, everything is clear. What if the cattle are walking around the neighbor’s garden, someone else’s plot, or along the roadway? Broken fences, trampled crops of vegetable and ornamental crops, polluted sidewalks - this is not the whole list of results of stray cattle on the streets.

“We were tormented by our neighbors’ livestock: sheep without any supervision, they walk around on their own, shit wherever they can and eat all our bushes and flowers. We have already argued with the animal owners a hundred times about this, but there is no point,” complained Tatyana L., who lives in one of the villages of the Kolomna urban district.

There are many people like Tatyana. Residents of villages and hamlets often become involved in fights over livestock grazing anywhere. There is no special federal law on this topic, however, general norms are spelled out in documents such as the Civil Code of Russia and the Russian Law “On Veterinary Medicine”. In particular, according to Article 137 of the Civil Code, general rules on property apply to animals. At the same time, Article No. 18 of the Russian Federation Law “On Veterinary Medicine” states that it is the owners who are responsible for the use, health, care and maintenance of animals.

It is worth noting that grazing rules are determined by local governments, that is, by the administration of a particular locality. It is these rules that prescribe the procedure for organizing grazing, indicating areas for pastures and walking livestock. In other words, these rules may vary, but usually they include the following points:

– large and small livestock must graze in fenced pastures, tethered or under the supervision of the owner;

– unsupervised grazing of livestock and poultry along roads is prohibited;

– it is prohibited to graze livestock in parks, squares, and forests.

According to the rules, the owner of a home herd must contact the local administration to determine the grazing area. Such pastures are allocated in every village or hamlet. However, animal owners rarely bother going to authorities and graze their livestock wherever they please.

What experts say

Nikolay Korolkov , head of the department of agriculture and development of agricultural production of the administration of the Kolomna urban district:

“The owner of the herd needs to contact the structural units of the administration of the Kolomna urban district of the Moscow region, responsible for the activities of territorial public self-government. There he will be offered a plot for grazing livestock. Pastures are provided free of charge. However, not all farmers do this, which results in conflict situations with neighbors who are bothered by free-roaming animals. You should complain about such facts there, to the territorial departments. Or to the veterinary station, which can conduct a comprehensive inspection and hold the farmer accountable, for example, for improper care of animals. We have had a few cases where animal owners have been prosecuted and fined, but this is a rare practice.”

By the way, last year the animal already paid for the carelessness of its owners. The KS portal wrote about this case. Let us remind you that a man, whose property was regularly visited by a herd of cows, committed a massacre of a bull. For killing an animal, he was charged under two articles at once - Art. 167 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Intentional destruction or damage to property”) and Article 245 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“Cruelty to animals”). For killing the bull, the culprit paid the owner of the animal monetary compensation - 58 thousand rubles , and also made a monetary contribution to the Animal Welfare Fund. Plus, the court imposed a fine on the culprit in the amount of 40 thousand rubles . Only taking these circumstances into account did the man manage to avoid punishment in the form of imprisonment.

Olga Balashova

What can happen to cows on pasture without preparation?

Before the first pasture, animals are carefully prepared for this event. Preparation includes the following activities:

Cleaning and examination by a veterinarian. During the period of stall keeping, the animal may develop diseases and abnormalities, which will be much more difficult to detect on pasture.
Vaccination. Grass can contain various infections and parasite larvae, and livestock, especially young animals, often become infected with them without vaccines.
Trimming horns. During the transition period, cows are quite agitated and if sharp edges are not removed, they can easily injure each other.
Hoof trimming. Untrimmed hooves often develop cracks through which infection can enter.
Gradually transfer livestock to pasture. Changing the diet too quickly will lead to diarrhea, a sharp decline in milk production, tympany and weight loss.

Important! It is worth inspecting the pasture in advance and removing all debris, snags and stones that can harm the cows, trimming the shoots and bushes

How to breed cattle

Farms and livestock breeding organizations are engaged in breeding cattle on an industrial scale. Any person with a house and land in a rural area can own a cow.

In summer, cows must graze on pasture. For a season, one animal needs an area of 0.5 hectares. A cow eats about 55 kg of grass per day. If there is no such area on private property, then you need to come to an agreement with local authorities and graze cattle on meadows specially designated for grazing. Typically, in every rural area, cows are grazed in a herd, and the livestock owners act as shepherds on a first-come, first-served basis.

Cattle breeding will require significant financial investments. You will have to buy a young cow (price - from 200 dollars) and build a barn (shed, shed)

It is important to choose the right breed (dairy, meat-dairy, meat)

The animal must be kept indoors throughout the winter. During the warm period (from May to October), cows are grazed in the meadow. True, animals must spend the night in a barn. In the barn you need to install a nursery, feeders, and drinking bowls. It is recommended to change the bedding daily, remove manure, and lay down new straw. Animals are usually milked three times a day.

The main thing when breeding cattle is to provide food. In summer, animals must graze in the meadow. The desired vegetation is legumes and cereal grasses 15 cm high. For the winter, animals need to prepare hay (about 4 tons), straw, and silage. Vegetables and grain mixtures can be used as top dressing.

It is important to provide animals with clean water to drink. A cow drinks about 30-50 liters of liquid per day

Milk yield depends on the supply of water.

Statement of claim for a ban on keeping cattle on the territory of a land plot.

In the summer of 2022, a client approached me with a request to help him in a conflict with a neighbor that arose over keeping cattle. It turned out that the client’s neighbor kept 12 cows free-ranging on his land plot, within the boundaries of a rural settlement, which created unbearable living conditions for my client in the neighboring household.

As it turned out, the client had recently purchased this property, and clearly had no intention of accepting this situation. The client's patience ended when a neighbor rudely advised him not to be indignant at the prevailing rural customs regarding housekeeping.

I considered that keeping 12 cows in a household was clearly too much, despite the fact that I was purchasing home-produced dairy products.

The client and I decided that we would start with pre-trial resolution of the conflict by filing an appropriate complaint.

Based on the results of a complaint filed with the Administration of the rural settlement, it was established that the distance from the premises for keeping cows to the client’s residential building is 26.5 meters, which does not comply with clause 1.3 of the “Rules for keeping domestic animals and poultry in populated areas of the Bolshesalsky rural settlement of the Myasnikovsky district ", approved by the Decision of the meeting of deputies of the Bolshesalsky rural settlement dated July 11, 2007 No. 10., because a distance of 30 meters is required to maintain the above number of cows. As a result, the owner of the land plot was brought to administrative responsibility under Part 1 of Article 4.1 of the Regional Law of the Rostov Region dated October 25, 2002 No. 273-ZS “On Administrative Offenses” and an administrative fine of 5,000 rubles.

Despite being brought to administrative responsibility, the future defendant increased the number of cows to 15.

In this regard, the client and I decided to take a last resort and filed a claim in court to prohibit keeping cows on the territory of the land plot.

When filing a claim, among the data on violation of the plaintiff’s rights, there was only a violation of the minimum distance from the premises for keeping cows to the plaintiff’s residential building. However, to satisfy the claim, data was necessary about the defendant’s violation of sanitary and epidemiological standards, creating a danger for the plaintiff.

Thus, within the meaning of paragraph 45 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 10, the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 22 of April 29, 2010 “On some issues arising in judicial practice when resolving disputes related to the protection of property rights and other rights” , claims to eliminate violations of rights not related to deprivation of possession are subject to satisfaction if the plaintiff proves that there is a real threat of violation of his property rights or legal possession by the defendant.

Thus, in this case, the real threat to the plaintiff was the unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological threat created by the defendant in connection with the keeping of cows. This situation could only be confirmed by a forensic sanitary and epidemiological examination, which is quite expensive and which ultimately can give unpredictable conclusions.

After the first court hearing, the plaintiff came to the choice of either petitioning for the appointment of a forensic examination or mitigating the claims. This choice was mainly influenced by the loyal behavior of the defendant, who stopped the free grazing of cows on the site and placed them in a cow keeping room. (However, I admit that the defendant did this because of the cold weather in November).

In this regard, the plaintiff, at the second court hearing, clarified the claims and asked the court to prohibit the defendant from keeping more than 8 cattle on the territory of the land plot and to prohibit them from being kept outside the economic building, in free range on the territory of the land plot.

The plaintiff justified his claims in accordance with the above-mentioned Decision of the meeting of deputies of the Bolshesalsky rural settlement dated July 11, 2007 No. 10, which states that keeping domestic animals and poultry is allowed in outbuildings that indicate the distances from the premises for keeping and breeding animals to residential buildings , in particular at a distance of 20 to 30 meters - up to 8 cows and bulls.

The defendant saw a compromise in the amended statement and admitted the amended claim.

As a result, the court granted the claim in an amended version. The parties did not appeal the court's decision.

After the court decision entered into legal force, the plaintiff received two writs of execution. One is for the ban on keeping more than 8 cattle, and the second is for the ban on keeping cattle outside the farm building.

Currently, the defendant keeps all the cows in the farm building during the winter. The number of cows kept there is unknown, because... they are not visible. It is also not known what the defendant will do after the weather warms up.

Now the plaintiff has questions: should he submit writs of execution for execution if the defendant does not violate the court decision, or file after a violation? And what should you do if the defendant violates the court decision after three years?

When is the first time to turn out cows in the spring?

When turning animals out to pasture in the spring, it is extremely important to wait until the optimal time. If you do this too early, the cows will trample down the roots of the plants, which means that the area will quickly exhaust itself, losing the ability to renew itself.

If grazing starts late, the grass may already have grown a lot, which can lead to overeating and digestive problems for the animals.

It is best to start grazing cattle when the height of the vegetation reaches 15 cm. In this case, the transition should be carried out smoothly over the course of a week. First, in the morning and evening, the cow needs to be fed with hay, and the grazing time should be increased every day, starting from 2-3 hours. It is also advisable to place troughs with concentrates and mineral supplements on the pasture, which will help replenish the reserves of macro- and microelements, fiber and carbohydrates. Regular salt and compounds based on calcium and phosphorus are suitable as a top dressing.

What can happen to cows on pasture without preparation?

Before the first pasture, animals are carefully prepared for this event. Preparation includes the following activities:

Cleaning and examination by a veterinarian. During the period of stall keeping, the animal may develop diseases and abnormalities, which will be much more difficult to detect on pasture.
Vaccination. Grass can contain various infections and parasite larvae, and livestock, especially young animals, often become infected with them without vaccines.
Trimming horns. During the transition period, cows are quite agitated and if sharp edges are not removed, they can easily injure each other.
Hoof trimming. Untrimmed hooves often develop cracks through which infection can enter.
Gradually transfer livestock to pasture. Changing the diet too quickly will lead to diarrhea, a sharp decline in milk production, tympany and weight loss.

Important! It is worth inspecting the pasture in advance and removing all debris, snags and stones that can harm the cows, trimming the shoots and bushes

Lots of water is important

The provision of water to grazing animals should not be underestimated as a factor influencing the amount of feed consumed by animals. Depending on the air temperature, a cow needs from 80 to 150 liters of water per day. Therefore, you need to monitor the availability of water in sufficient quantities, and large vats have proven themselves in practice (for large livestock - many vats).

A vehicle with a tank equipped with a single cup-shaped drinker, which can still be found on some farms, is absolutely not enough to optimally provide water for highly productive cows. The shortest path to the drinking bowl is also important, since animals are too lazy to go to drinking bowls that are located far away.

Pasture remains, as before, a cheap main feed for cows
Slow adaptation of animals with additional feeding of a diet suitable for pasture is mandatory.
The use of concentrates should be limited, not least for economic reasons.
For highly productive herds, half-day grazing with additional feeding in the barn is recommended, since in this way the animals can be provided with much better nutrients.
The use of suitable mineral feed is necessary for optimal nutrition of cows.
When grazing, water should not be neglected as an important factor for milk production.

Translation by Elena Babenko, especially for soft-agro.com

I look forward to your feedback and comments. Thank you very much!

Article 28. Grazing of livestock and poultry in urban and rural settlements outside designated areas

Grazing of livestock in urban and rural settlements outside the places established for these purposes, grazing of poultry in urban and rural settlements in places where it is prohibited by regulatory legal acts of local government bodies of municipalities of the Autonomous Okrug - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one hundred up to one thousand rubles; for officials - from three hundred to five thousand rubles; for legal entities - from three thousand to ten thousand rubles.

Note. For the purposes of this article, grazing of livestock and poultry means actions (inaction) of persons that led to the presence of livestock outside the places established for these purposes and poultry in places where this is prohibited by regulatory legal acts of local government bodies, and not subject to Part 1 Article 8.26, Part 4 of Article 11.1, Article 11.21 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses.

When is the first time to turn out cows in the spring?

If you do this too early, the cows will trample down the roots of the plants, which means that the area will quickly exhaust itself, losing the ability to renew itself.

If grazing starts late, the grass may already have grown a lot, which can lead to overeating and digestive problems for the animals.

Also during this period, it is advisable to give cows mineral supplements, which will help replenish their reserves of macro- and microelements. Regular salt and compositions based on calcium and phosphorus are suitable for this purpose.

Rules for grazing livestock and poultry in populated areas

Owners of private houses located within small settlements can keep cattle. True, animals need to be grazed on their own plot or in a pasture specially designated by the administration. It is forbidden to leave livestock unattended. You need to herd animals yourself, or by hiring a shepherd for this purpose.

If a cow is grazing in a herd, then it must be accompanied through the populated area to the place where the cattle are collected, that is, led on a leash. It is advisable to take a dustpan and broom with you to remove animal feces from the road. It is not allowed to drive cows to the herd gathering place through schools and residential yards. If an animal is walking along the side of the road, you need to make sure that it does not throw itself under a car.

It is prohibited to graze livestock on the territory of a populated area (in parks, squares, and playgrounds). If the animals are in the pasture, you need to make sure that they do not run away and do not wander around the city. Cows should not be allowed to wander around populated areas and look for food in garbage cans. Escaped animals can trample flower beds or wander into someone's private garden or garden. In this case, the owner of the cow will have to compensate the injured party for the damage, and also pay a fine to the state.

Is it necessary to punish the owners of stray cattle? If so, how?

The topic of unattended grazing and problems with driving away domestic animals or poultry is often discussed on social networks. There is video of cattle being dangerously close to cars parked near a fence; where geese or sheep graze in flowering flower beds in front of the house, eat branches of ornamental shrubs and young Christmas trees. Is it necessary to punish the owners of stray cattle, and if so, how?

Elena PETROVA, city resident:

— The topic is very sore for me. I live on the outskirts, almost behind our house there is a place where cattle are gathered for grazing in the morning and released in the evening. For how many years have I been trying to bring beauty to my yard: to create flower beds, plant beautiful trees, but... Not all owners consider it their duty to greet the farm from the pasture, and goats and cows wander past our house, eating on the way everything that has risen more or less from the ground greenery.

But if only that were the problem! After all, animals also shit... I have small children. In the morning, so that they can go out to play in the sand, I clean up the “lapins” in front of the house and in the evenings, after the animals leave the pasture, I also take up the dustpan and broom. I understand that farming is a help for families. But what do we have to do with it? And humor, when they tell me that they leave you natural fertilizer for plant growth, is not appropriate. This is a PROBLEM that needs to be solved! Tell the newspaper if there are laws that will make it possible to bring to justice the perpetrators of such outrage.

Alexander ALEXANDRIN, x. Deminsky:

— In our farm there are no problems with stray cattle. In the morning, the shepherd collects the animals along the street, brings them in in the evening, and the owners sort them into their yards. The countrymen keep calves, goats and sheep either on their plots or on a leash; there are no stray pets. Geese spend daylight hours on the pond, and in the evening they are greeted by their owners, because everyone wants the birds to survive until winter without loss. And many people create beauty in front of their houses and try to preserve it.

Elena DMITRIEVA, pos. Red October:

“I live on the outskirts, and ownerless geese, turkeys, cows, horses and even... hunting dogs roam in front of our house. If we leave a car at the gate, turkeys fly into it. Not only do heavy birds leave excrement on the hood that eats away at car paint, but they also scratch the car with their claws. It’s difficult to scare them away, at least go with them! But the worst thing is cows and horses, which can damage the car.

In the spring I planted spruce trees in front of the yard - blue, green. To prevent the cattle from eating them, they spent money and installed a fence. The Christmas trees have grown - the animals have already eaten several of them. That's all the beauty...

We keep lap dogs, we go out into the yard with them, they bark at the geese grazing at our gate. So the owner of the bird scolds us because the dogs scare the birds. He mockingly demands that we install signs notifying that the territory belongs to our household. She probably has competent geese!

After a conversation with the owner of stray horses that it was dangerous to let them out unattended, they sent us an SMS in response threatening us to remain silent and be patient, otherwise things would get worse.

From the editor: There is a law regulating general standards for keeping animals. They are spelled out in documents such as the Civil Code of Russia and the Russian Law “On Veterinary Medicine”. In particular, according to Article 137 of the Civil Code, general rules on property apply to animals. At the same time, Article No. 18 of the Russian Federation Law “On Veterinary Medicine” states that it is the owners who are responsible for the use, health, care and maintenance of animals.

It is important to know: grazing rules are determined by local authorities, that is, the administration of the settlement. These rules prescribe the procedure for organizing grazing, indicate areas for pastures and walking livestock.

In other words, such rules may vary, but usually they contain the following points:

– large and small livestock must graze in fenced pastures, tethered or under the supervision of the owner;

– horses can only be grazed in a hobbled state;

– unsupervised grazing of livestock and poultry along roads is prohibited;

– it is prohibited to graze livestock in parks and squares.

By the way, if large and small livestock are unattended, the requirements of Articles No. 230 and No. 231 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation may apply to them. For example, if the owner of the animals is not identified, it is necessary to report this to the police.

In case of violation of the mentioned rules, the owner will face a fine.

Thus, the following algorithm of action can be offered to owners of households affected by animals.

First, contact the municipal administration with a written complaint. There you will also find out a complete list of rules for walking and grazing animals and the amount of possible fines for violating them.

Secondly, notify your neighbors again (including in writing) and warn them of the possible consequences.

If after all the actions the situation does not change, go to court with a claim against your neighbor for compensation for damage caused as a result of uncontrolled walking of livestock. But remember that the plaintiffs provide evidence in court.

Take photos that clearly show your neighbor's livestock grazing near your yard or home. Submit an application to the settlement administration so that specialists, in the presence of witnesses or a local police officer, record the fact, and, if any, indicate the amount of material damage caused.

When is the first time to turn out cows in the spring?

If grazing starts late, the grass may already have grown a lot, which can lead to overeating and digestive problems for the animals.

What can happen to cows on pasture without preparation?

Before the first pasture, animals are carefully prepared for this event. Preparation includes the following activities:

Cleaning and examination by a veterinarian. During the period of stall keeping, the animal may develop diseases and abnormalities, which will be much more difficult to detect on pasture.
Vaccination. Grass can contain various infections and parasite larvae, and livestock, especially young animals, often become infected with them without vaccines.
Trimming horns. During the transition period, cows are quite agitated and if sharp edges are not removed, they can easily injure each other.
Hoof trimming. Untrimmed hooves often develop cracks through which infection can enter.
Gradually transfer livestock to pasture. Changing the diet too quickly will lead to diarrhea, a sharp decline in milk production, tympany and weight loss.

Organization of pasture maintenance of the herd

The grass on the pasture should be of different varieties and flowers: white clover, timothy, alfalfa, meadow grass and other grasses

But it’s important to know that if a cow eats clover on an empty stomach in the early morning, it can cause bloating in the evening.

The herd must be grazed in several areas, which should be located at a distance of about two kilometers from each other. Ideally, there should be a body of water near the site. If your sites are located next to natural bodies of water, then make a convenient descent to it. If not, it will be necessary to dig wells in the fields and organize drinking bowls. In this case, the water after drinking water will need to be drained each time so that it does not stagnate.

But you need to take into account that in some regions of Russia there are artesian waters running underground - they are not suitable for watering animals.

You need to start grazing the herd from the area where you finished grazing last fall. It is necessary to move the herd to another area after the grass has been eaten by animals up to 5 centimeters from the ground. Within a month, you should use all the plots, and return to the first plot after the height of the fresh grass on it is about 15 centimeters. This method allows you to “rejuvenate” the grass in the areas, so the animals constantly receive fresh and young greenery. This method allows you to provide the required amount of feed for each head. On average, one cow needs up to 50 kilograms of greens per day.

One of the basic rules for grazing a herd is the separation of young animals from adults. Or, as a last resort, separating mother cows with calves from the main herd. Otherwise, calves may continually suck milk from other dairy cows, and adults may behave aggressively and attack calves.

With a pasture system for keeping livestock, it is necessary to pay attention to places where animals spend the night and rest. It is necessary to build shelters on the territory of the pastures themselves so that during hot periods or rain the animals can take shelter and wait out

If the climate of the region allows, in winter they are kept on thick, warm bedding; in summer they are kept in summer camps. When constructing such premises, it is necessary to take into account all standards for maintaining cattle hygiene. It is also necessary to organize a daily mechanism for feeding feed and milking cows, cleaning stalls, a waste drainage system and timely removal of manure.

How they graze cows in our village

Probably, for those who spent their childhood in the village, there will be no special revelations here. But you never know, maybe someone else besides me is interested in village life)

So, in Belarusian villages, as a rule, all the cows that live with all the village residents are herded into one herd and grazed by the residents themselves in turn. Those who have two cows. graze for two days. That is, if there are 30 cows in the village, and you have one cow, then you will need to graze the entire herd every month. The order is established and is usually not violated. Well, with rare exceptions. A couple of days ago, for example, our neighbor lost one cow - she went for a walk somewhere and only returned home at night. For such a mistake, he was kindly offered duty the next day out of turn. They turn out the cows in the morning. Early. Very early, at the beginning of six. Then, at about 1 p.m., the cows go home, where they drink, eat, rest from the heat, and are milked, of course. At 15:00 - back to the pasture until 22:00. A place for pasture must be determined; as a rule, it is some kind of field, which is given a rest this year, that is, nothing is planted on it, grass just grows there and cows walk around.

Here I learned a funny word “shepherd”. Our village consists of two small villages at some distance from each other. So, a person who drives several cows from our small part of the village to the general herd is called a shepherd. The shepherds also have a rotation, about once a week; there are few cows in our part of the village. This woman in red in the photo is precisely the shepherd, she came to pick up our part of the herd from the pasture in order to bring it home for lunch.

Cows are very smart animals, and, of course, they know very well where their home is.

But you still need to carefully monitor them, because some cow may well get stuck for half an hour somewhere in someone else’s flowerbed along the way. Usually they meet their cows at the gate to avoid.

In general, cows graze quite peacefully where you place them, but you still need to be vigilant. They can disperse so quickly, for example, into collective farm fields, which is not good. And, by the way, if you have a good dog, then you don’t have to blow your nose; they themselves can herd the entire scattered herd into a neat pile. You just need to keep an eye on the dogs - there are times when dogs bite cows painfully. Small calves sometimes also graze with a large herd, but more often they are tied somewhere by the butts (you know what butts are, right? :-)). Lily and I often go to look at the calf near our house. From afar, of course)

When I was little, I loved herding cows. Well, ok, not exactly herding - my uncle, Vova, often took me with him, when it was his turn to graze, at that time I would lie on the grass, draw, chew some supplies, watch the cows, cuddle with the dogs. I'm not much of a shepherd, in short. But the memories are vivid. And now we don’t have a cow, of course. But dad wants a goat)

In accordance with Federal Law No. 131-FZ dated October 6, 2003 “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation,” issues of improvement of settlements fall within the competence of local government bodies. Issues of landscaping, among other things, also cover issues of regulating the keeping of cattle in rural areas. In pursuance of the powers assigned by law, the following were approved in the Tavdinsky urban district:

-Rules for keeping domestic and farm animals on the territory of the Tavdinsky urban district (approved by the Decision of the Duma of the Tavdinsky urban district dated March 29, 2010 No. 29/4); -List of areas for grazing and walking domestic and farm animals on the territory of the Tavdinsky urban district (approved by resolution of the administration of the Tavdinsky urban district dated May 27, 2010 No. 786). According to these regulations, the presence of unattended cattle in populated areas is strictly prohibited. Thus, the owner is obliged to ensure that animals graze only in places designated for this purpose and that the possibility of moving animals to areas that are not intended for these purposes is excluded. However, citizens often ignore these rules; cattle are often found in cities and rural settlements unattended, which can lead to adverse consequences from creating accidents on the roads to causing property damage and harm to the health of citizens, including children. In addition, soil and groundwater, public places (roads, sidewalks, parks, streets) are polluted by animal activity. At the same time, cow owners themselves also expose themselves to danger, since cows often eat waste from garbage cans, which can cause harm not only to the health of the cow itself, but also to citizens who consume milk from a sick cow. Federal legislation does not provide for administrative punishment against “negligent” owners for grazing cows in an unauthorized place. Previously, until April 20, 2013, Article 39 of the Law of the Sverdlovsk Region dated June 14, 2005 N52-OZ “On Administrative Offenses on the Territory of the Sverdlovsk Region” provided for administrative liability for uncontrolled walking or grazing of farm animals on the territory of a populated area, as well as walking or grazing farm animals on the territory of a populated area outside of places specially designated for this by local government bodies of municipalities located on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. Since April 20, 2013, the legislation of the Sverdlovsk region does not provide for administrative liability for uncontrolled walking or grazing of farm animals on the territory of a populated area. At the same time, Part 6 of Article 17 of the Law of the Sverdlovsk Region dated June 14, 2005 N52-OZ provides for the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one thousand to five thousand rubles for failure by the person walking the animal to take measures to clean up public amenities from pollution animal excrement. In 2018, only one citizen was brought to administrative responsibility under this article for failure to take measures to clean public amenities from contamination by goat excrement in the form of a fine of 1,000 rubles. When bringing to administrative responsibility under this article, the difficulty lies in the fact that it is often not possible to identify the owner of the animal. According to Article 1064 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, harm caused to the person or property of a citizen, as well as harm caused to the property of a legal entity, is subject to compensation in full by the person who caused the harm. Thus, victims (persons who have suffered health, property or moral harm) have the right to recover from the owner of the animal the damage caused; recovery of this damage is carried out in court.

Which pastures are best?

It is recommended to graze domestic animals on ecologically clean land plots that are located away from roads, industrial enterprises and cities. It is advisable for cows to eat to their heart's content. Preferred herbs are clover, alfalfa, timothy, fescue, and medicinal plants.

It is forbidden to graze livestock in meadows where there are many poisonous or soapy herbs containing saponins. It is best to graze cows on a private, fenced-off pasture of the legume-grain type, where stray dogs do not run around and where other animals do not enter. The recommended grass height is 10-15 cm. It is recommended to mow taller plants and dry them in the sun. In addition to grass, in summer animals need to be given 150 grams of salt and 60-70 liters of water per day.

Basic rules for keeping livestock on pastures

Keeping a herd of more than 200 animals is impractical. With a large number of livestock grazing, some of the grass will simply be trampled down.
The area of green meadow per unit of livestock is 0.5 hectares for adult animals and 0.2 hectares for young animals.
It is worth switching cows completely to grass when the plants are no lower than 10-12 cm.
The transition to a green food supply should be gradual; animals need to be fed in the first 10 days.
You can start the grazing season half a month earlier if you graze winter rye or cruciferous crops.
To avoid overripening of forbs, uneaten areas should be mowed.
The height of the grass should not be more than 15 cm; if it is 20-25 cm, then the animals will eat 35-40% less on average.
Partial mowing and wilting of grass tufts improves the food supply.
It is very important to provide animals with access to salt - 150 g per day per cow.
There is plenty of drinking water - up to 120 liters per animal.

Selection rules

In order to choose a good device that will last more than one season, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

Method of nutrition. This can be an electrical network, a battery or solar panels. You need to choose a feeding method based on the characteristics of the pasture. A profitable option is a symbiosis of a battery with solar panels.
Features of the herd. What animals are present in the herd directly influences the choice of power. Medium voltage will be optimal for a mixed herd with small animals (sheep, goats, and young cattle). If these are adult cattle, then you will need a powerful device.
The density of vegetation in the pasture. As the manufacturers mention, the current strength can be significantly reduced if the live wire comes into contact with the grass.
For permanent pastures it is much easier to choose a device, since you can buy a permanent type device. Such electric shepherds are massive, but cover a large area, and their mobility is low.

How much pasture space does one cow need?

It would seem that there is nothing easier than herding cows. You can drive the herd to any green meadow and watch them in the shade of the trees. But no - you need to carefully monitor that cows do not enter marshy lands or cultivated fields.

In order for pastures to be most suitable for animals, they must be put in order and constantly kept clean.

Ideally, an area of half a hectare should be designed for one cow. The grass should be flowery, high-yielding and near a natural body of water. If there is no possibility for grazing animals in such conditions, and your territories are dominated by wormwood fields, then the pasture area per head should be 1.25 hectares. As noted above, the distance between pastures should be no more than two kilometers. The distance from the pasture site to the parking lot or to the farm should be on average about three kilometers so that the animals can safely overcome it.

Young animals, as a rule, are grazed in nearby paddocks with a small area of up to 15 hectares, but it all depends on the number of calves in the herd.

See the video below about the benefits of grazing cows.

Where to graze cows?

“Hello, dear editors!

Most likely such letters remain unanswered, but still...

Residents of the village of Severny are writing to you, who, unfortunately, keep about 20 heads of cows, which they would like to continue to have in their yards, but due to the circumstances that have developed this year, it is impossible.

We kept cattle before, and there were even three times as many. But then they paid a lot of attention to us, and both the administration of the rural settlement and the peasant farm under the leadership of Nikolai Ivanovich Mukhin tried to provide assistance. But at the moment, no one needs us, why would anyone need unnecessary worries and troubles.

The administration of the Kuban rural settlement allocates 15 hectares for pasture. Previously, there were at least pieces of wasteland somewhere, and we grazed our little cows there. Now these areas have been cultivated for crops. And we decided to rent the rest of the field near the pasture for hay cutting. But they explain to us that this is not allowed according to some laws. And it turns out that our cows don’t want to eat at all?

I would like to ask: what to do in this situation?”

The owners of the cows in the village of Severny.

The lawyer of the MU “Central Accounting Department of the Administration of the Kuban Rural Settlement” Sergei Nikolaevich Dyachenko answers:

— On January 14 and 21 of this year, gatherings of citizens of the village of Severny were held. One of the issues considered was the allocation of pastures and areas for haymaking.

The head of the Kuban rural settlement, Andrei Sergeevich Borisovsky, and the specialist of the agricultural department for private plots, Sergei Nikolaevich Novikov, explained to the residents of the village of Severny that the work on creating pastures is being carried out in accordance with the law of the Krasnodar Territory of November 5, 2002 No. 532-KZ “On the fundamentals of regulating land relations in Krasnodar Territory", as well as the Procedure for subsidizing the costs of organizations and individuals engaged in business activities for organizing work on the creation of cultivated pastures for grazing cows kept on private farms on the territory of the Novopokrovsky district municipality, approved by resolution of the administration of the Novopokrovsky district municipal formation No. 685 dated 5 August 2014

The condition for the provision of land plots to citizens is the presence of livestock, which is recorded in the household books maintained by local governments of rural settlements.

In accordance with Article 12 of the above law, the maximum (minimum and maximum) sizes of land plots provided to citizens for ownership from lands in state or municipal ownership are: for livestock farming - from 1000 to 2000 square meters.

According to Article 12.1. the maximum size of the total area of land plots (household and field), which can be simultaneously owned and (or) otherwise owned by citizens with private farming, is 1.5 hectares; engaged in viticulture, gardening, dairy farming and cattle fattening - 2.5 hectares.

Thus, in accordance with the current legislation and the number of cattle and small cattle kept in the farmsteads of citizens living in the village. Severny, the land plot for pasture can be no more than 12 hectares, taking into account the development of livestock farming.

Currently, a land plot has been identified for the establishment of a cultural pasture, its location has been agreed upon and approved (Resolution of the administration of the Novopokrovsky district of October 27, 2014 No. 1012 “On approval of the layout of the land plot”) in accordance with the planned laying area of 15 hectares. An agreement was concluded with cadastral engineer Maximilian Valerievich Gorshalev to carry out land surveying work for this area. The survey work is at the final stage and in the near future the administration of the Kuban rural settlement will be issued a cadastral passport of a land plot for the creation of a cultural pasture, which is necessary for the initiative group of the population of the Severny village to conclude a lease agreement.

It is planned to sow the specified land plot with meadow grass seeds during spring field work. The public will not be charged for this.

The remaining part of the plot of land, previously located under pasture, can be leased in accordance with the current legislation, namely: Law of the Krasnodar Territory dated November 5, 2002 No. 532-KZ (as amended on July 2, 2014) “On the fundamentals of regulation of land relations in the Krasnodar Territory "

Proper grazing of cows

Properly organizing cattle feeding is simple if you plan to graze 3-4 cows. If you have to graze a large herd of 100-150 heads, this is already difficult and will require special knowledge from the shepherds about the behavior of livestock and their habits.

The main thing you should pay attention to is the correct choice of pasture. A cow can eat up to 50 kg of forbs per day

Therefore, the pasture must contain a sufficient amount of succulent grass. In addition, cattle are not very willing to graze on grass below 15 cm and above 35 cm.

In the first case, the greens are not yet juicy enough, and there is also a high probability of cows grabbing metal objects (nails, etc.) due to the short height of the plants. In addition, grazing in such an area can greatly slow down the further growth of plants (they simply will not have time to grow and will die during the summer heat)
In the second case, the food is already too hard and it is difficult for the cow to digest it

You should also clearly compare herd size to pasture type. In this case, the following rules apply:

Grazing in meadows is carried out for a herd of no more than 120 animals.
On forest pastures it is divided into groups of 50-60 individuals.

Grazing begins in the morning. Animals achieve the highest productivity if the grazing time is 8-10 hours. To do this, he is taken out to pasture in the morning for 4-5 hours and in the afternoon for the same period of time.

In the summer heat, cattle are driven out to pasture from 4 to 9 o'clock in the morning. After this, he is allowed to rest in a covered pen or stable for up to 5 hours and is turned out again until about 9-10 pm. During grazing periods, animals must have access to water.

"Grazing unattended." What to do if neighbors don't look after their animals?

A private home is the dream of many. Here you have your own plot of land, and there are no neighbors behind the wall, who for some reason always start noisy repairs on weekend mornings. However, as they say, everything has its own nuances. Residents of the village of Shilovka, Sengileevsky district, spoke about one of these problems.

“We were tormented by our neighbors’ livestock: they let their bulls and sheep out without any supervision, they wander around on their own, shit wherever they can and eat all our bushes and flowers. We have already argued with the animal owners a hundred times about this, but there is no point,” says Natalya L. , who turned for free legal assistance to specialists from the regional branch of the Russian Lawyers Association and the Ulyanovsk State Legal Bureau.

Accordingly, the woman is interested in: what is the right thing to do in such a situation? Are there laws regulating the rules of walking large and small livestock?

As experts note, there is no special federal law on this topic. However, general norms are spelled out in documents such as the Civil Code of Russia and the Law of the Russian Federation “On Veterinary Medicine”. In particular, according to Article 137 of the Civil Code, general rules on property apply to animals. At the same time, Article No. 18 of the Russian Federation Law “On Veterinary Medicine” states that it is the owners who are responsible for the use, health, care and maintenance of animals.

Please note that grazing rules are determined by local authorities, that is, the administration of a particular locality. It is these rules that prescribe the procedure for organizing grazing, indicating areas for pastures and walking livestock.

In other words, these rules may vary, but usually they include the following points:

– large and small livestock must graze in fenced pastures, tethered or under the supervision of the owner;

– horses can only be grazed in a hobbled state;

– unsupervised grazing of livestock and poultry along roads is prohibited;

– it is prohibited to graze livestock in parks and squares.

In addition, before the start of the season, the owner of the animals must contact the local administration to determine the grazing area. Naturally, it is the owner who is responsible for the pollution of streets and sidewalks by livestock.

In case of violation of the mentioned rules, the owner will face administrative punishment in the form of a fine.

Thus, Natalya can be offered the following algorithm of actions. First, you need to contact the local municipal administration with a written complaint. There you can also find out a complete list of rules for walking and grazing animals and the amount of possible fines for violating them. Secondly, you can once again notify your neighbors (including in writing) and warn them about the possible consequences.

If after these actions the situation does not change, you can go to court with a claim against your neighbor for compensation for damage caused as a result of uncontrolled walking of livestock. But it must be remembered that plaintiffs must provide evidence in court.

It is possible to take several photographs where you can clearly see the neighbor's cattle grazing near your yard or house. Submit an application to the administration of the rural settlement so that specialists, in the presence of witnesses or a local police officer, record the fact and extent of the material damage caused.

How to choose a place for a cow to pasture

It is a mistake to believe that any grassy area is suitable for grazing cattle.

Particular attention should be paid to both the choice of grass and pasture area, the presence of a watering hole and the distance to the farm

Important! Clover eaten by a cow on an empty stomach can cause rumen swelling.

Area and distances

There must be at least 0.5 hectares of pasture per head of cattle. With low grass yields, for example, in wormwood or fescue fields, the volume of pasture territory can increase to 1–1.25 hectares per head.

The distance to the farm should be no more than 2–3 km. Otherwise, the animals will get tired after traveling a long way.

Herbs

The quality of herbs is as important as their quantity. Cereals and legumes are best suited for cattle

You will be interested in learning how to choose a cow, which breeds of cows are considered the best, which breeds of cows are considered meat and which are dairy, and also how to milk a cow correctly.

Wetlands are especially dangerous for cows, as they can cause helminth infection and also pose a danger due to poisonous plants. It is advisable to avoid wooded areas when choosing a place for pasture. Animals may injure their udders or hooves in this area. In addition, there are many ticks and other harmful insects in wooded areas. They can cause infection in animals.

Did you know? Even presidents love cows. Ophelia is the name of the cow of the 43rd US President George W. Bush.

Water sources

It is optimal if there is a natural watering hole within a radius of 1–2 km from the pasture. But before setting up a pasture in such a place, it is necessary to take laboratory water samples to exclude the possibility of infection. It is better not to use rainwater for drinking water because it has a poor mineral composition.

If it is not possible to use other water, then cows need to introduce mineral supplements into their diet. Artesian waters, which lie deep underground, can be oversaturated with salts. We must be prepared for the fact that animals will simply refuse to drink such water.

Important! Wet areas within the pasture should be fenced off to prevent cows from accessing them. If there is no other opportunity for watering, wells are dug in the ground.

The water should be changed every time cattle drink to avoid bacterial growth. Cows should drink regularly, 2-3 times a day, in summer - up to 5 times. It is important to monitor the water temperature - it should be at least +20 °C.

If there is no other possibility for watering, wells are dug in the ground. The water should be changed every time cattle drink to avoid bacterial growth. Cows should drink regularly, 2–3 times a day, in summer - up to 5 times

It is important to monitor the water temperature - it should be at least +20 °C.

About grazing, cattle runs and pressing problems

On the last day of winter, a round table meeting was held in Svetlograd, organized by the regional Duma committee on agrarian issues, food, land relations and land management.

"Use what you have..."

The heads of rural settlements of the Petrovsky and Grachevsky districts, representatives of supervisory departments, internal affairs bodies, specialists from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Regional Duma gathered in the meeting room of the district administration. The topic is about the practice of applying the regional law “On the regulation of grazing and movement of farm animals and poultry in the Stavropol Territory” and federal legislation regulating the issues of keeping animals on private farms.

The discussion was led by its initiator, deputy Vladimir Trukhachev.

“As practice has shown, many residents of our region who have private farming keep up to a hundred heads of pigs, five times more sheep, up to a thousand or more heads of poultry - that’s 30-50 conventional heads,” he said. – Despite the fact that on average in the country there are 1.2, and in the region 1.7, conditional heads per private household plot. The prohibitive number of living creatures on private farmsteads significantly exceeds the needs of one family for livestock products. The livestock is located mainly on a private plot of land of 10–30 acres within the boundaries of a populated area, in premises built in violation of sanitary standards. This causes justified complaints from neighbors about unsanitary conditions and residents of the locality - when using a public easement on hayfields and pastures. Conflicts are not uncommon on this basis; the regional Duma receives numerous appeals on these issues. People complain that animals and birds destroy crops and perennial plantings, and animal waste creates an unbearable habitat. And local government officials are asking for clarification of the rules for bringing to justice those guilty of violating the provisions of the law and other regulations. In order to to some extent regulate the relations of citizens, legal entities, local governments in matters of organizing the passage and grazing of farm animals and poultry and thereby ensure the protection of agricultural land and perennial plantings from grass, damage and destruction, deputies of the Stavropol Territory Duma in 2002 adopted the law “On regulating the grazing and movement of farm animals and poultry on the territory of the Stavropol Territory”, and in February 2011 - “On ensuring epizootic and veterinary-sanitary well-being in the Stavropol Territory”. Three times - in 2006, 2008 and 2011 - regional deputies submitted a legislative initiative to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation to amend the federal law on personal subsidiary plots. They provided for granting subjects of the Russian Federation the right to establish maximum standards for keeping animals in private household plots, on personal plots, and within the boundaries of settlements. It was also proposed that the Administrative Code provide for an increase in fines for violations of the legislation of the Russian Federation by owners of personal subsidiary plots. We received no support. We were recommended to apply the norms of existing legislation.

During today’s discussion, we would like to clarify what problems arise when applying certain norms of Russian legislation regulating the issues of keeping animals, how to better and more efficiently organize work on the ground, - V.I. clarified the task of the round table. Trukhachev.

Earth as a lever of power

The main message was made by the head of the department for ensuring the activities of the regional Duma committee on agrarian issues, food, land relations and land management Nikolai Gubsky.

– There are owners who keep, say, one cow and a dozen chickens. The neighbors have no complaints about them. And there are those (especially visitors) who have either three hundred sheep or a thousand. In the Shpakovsky district, near Stavropol, they keep both one hundred and seven hundred pigs. This is where problems arise. All of us sitting here represent some kind of government body. And we are approached by people whose rights to a healthy living environment have been violated, who are experiencing inconvenience due to the fact that their neighbors keep an exorbitant number of animals. We need to respond to this using legal levers. Which?

When such an appeal is received, it is necessary to start from the ground, from a plot of land. The federal law on private subsidiary plots clearly states that personal subsidiary farming is carried out on a land plot provided or acquired for running personal subsidiary plots.

Each municipality must develop and approve rules for land use and development. Not everyone has them, but you can’t do without them. Personal subsidiary farming is often carried out on plots for individual housing construction. A conflict arises, we ask the document for the land plot - under what right was it issued?

If it is issued under individual housing construction, the person does not have the right to engage in personal farming. And he contains a hundred heads of pigs!

This can be considered as the use of land plots not for their intended purpose; this entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of up to 1.5 thousand rubles. Protocols and cases are reviewed by officials exercising state land control over the use of lands of Rosselkhoznadzoa and Rosregistration. The question arises: can a person who has received a plot for individual housing construction engage in personal farming? Yes, but on the condition that he goes to public hearings and a gathering of citizens allows him to change the intended purpose of the land plot.

If a person does not have title documents for a land plot - there is neither a land certificate issued by the Registration Chamber nor a lease agreement, this qualifies as unauthorized occupation of a land plot or use of it without title documents for land. This entails a fine of up to a thousand rubles. Officials of internal affairs bodies have the right to draw up protocols on administrative offenses. The final decision to impose an administrative penalty is made by the chief state inspector for the use and protection of land in a given area or city.

There are sanitary and veterinary rules. The Chief State Sanitary Doctor and the Chief Veterinary Doctor of Russia approved them in accordance with the federal law on epizootic and sanitary conditions. From the windows of a residential building to the premises for keeping animals, if there are up to 50 animals there, there must be a 50-meter sanitary zone. If this standard is not met, the authorized person of the local administration in the field of housing, communal services and improvement has the right to draw up a protocol on the administrative violation. The final decision has the right to be made by the chief state sanitary doctor of the corresponding city or region. But I do not call for a widespread inventory of compliance with this standard: then no one will be allowed to keep animals, and we will starve, because 70 percent of livestock products are produced in private household plots. But if the owner of a private farm has an excessive number of animals and his neighbors complain about him, then we can apply this norm.

For violation of the rules for combating quarantine and especially dangerous animal diseases, citizens are subject to a fine of 1,000 to 1,500 rubles; for concealment or untimely notification of veterinary authorities about their sudden death or simultaneous mass diseases; for violation of sanitary rules for the transportation, transportation or slaughter of animals, a fine of 3.0 to 5.0 thousand rubles is provided. For the same actions committed during the quarantine period, the fine increases to 10.0 thousand rubles. For violation of veterinary and sanitary rules for the transportation, transportation, slaughter of animals, a fine of up to 5.0 thousand rubles is provided. The above fines are imposed by a resolution of the chief state sanitary or chief state veterinarian of the relevant city or district. Violation of the rules of grazing and driving of farm animals and poultry entails a fine of up to 3.0 thousand rubles, and if violation of the rules of grazing and driving resulted in the grassing of crops or destruction of plantings, the fine may increase to 5.0 thousand rubles. Repeated commission of this offense in the first and second cases entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of 5.0 thousand rubles. According to the regional law, protocols on administrative offenses have the right to be drawn up by officials of the local administration (local government bodies) authorized in the field of housing and communal services and improvement. The final decision on imposing an administrative penalty is made by the administrative commission of the municipality. But that's not all. The owner of animals who allowed crops to be grassed or perennial plantings to be destroyed by animals is obliged not only to pay a fine, but also to compensate the owner for losses. If he refuses, and if the losses amount to a significant amount, the perpetrator may be prosecuted. We should have sanitary and administrative commissions in every municipality.

Each municipality must establish standards for the load on pastures. Even if it is private land. No one encroaches on private property, but the land is a habitat, the national treasure of the entire society. (You can also own a car, but those who violate traffic rules pay fines and even face criminal penalties.) The slogan “What’s mine means what I want is what I turn around” is inappropriate here. And even more so if the pasture is used either on the basis of a lease agreement with the administration of a village or district (if it is state property, the ownership of which is not demarcated), or if the public herd is grazed on the basis of an easement.

When establishing the norm of load on pastures, the local government body must proceed from the capacity, i.e., the productivity of pastures. It’s not easy to calculate on the principle of a hectare or half a hectare per cow, but to determine how much this land can feed animals so that pastures and hayfields are self-reproducing. Let's say the pasture cannot accommodate the desired number of animals. Moreover, one owner has one cow, and the other has five. So, the owner of five cows will have to let one cow into this pasture, and keep the rest at home in a barn, shed, bring feed there and feed the animals in a hospital.

We are not against those who come with a flock of 300 head, but he must quarantine them in a hospital, register them at the veterinary site and in the household register in the administration of the village council, and then maintain and graze them in accordance with existing laws in force by articles throughout the Russian Federation.

If a person continues to poison neighbors with animal waste, then he will bear administrative responsibility - pay a fine for violating veterinary and sanitary rules in the amount of up to 2.0 thousand rubles. In this case, cases of administrative offenses are considered by state environmental protection inspectors of the corresponding city or district. A person who is engaged in livestock farming, slaughtering and meat processing must, as was strictly done in Soviet times, undergo regular medical examinations. First of all, he needs this. It is important that he does not become infected from animals himself, and if this happens, that he does not infect animals or family members, so that his livestock products are healthy. And so that he does not become disabled, and the state does not have to pay him a disability pension.

It is equally important that such a neighbor does not burn himself or set his neighbors on fire. Therefore, he must comply with fire safety regulations. For violation of these rules, liability is established in the form of a fine of up to one thousand rubles. State fire inspectors of cities and districts have the right to draw up protocols and consider cases.

The law states that personal subsidiary farming is not a form of entrepreneurial activity, and therefore, surplus products are not taxed when they are sold. By giving such preferences to the owner of a private plot, the state expects that he will bear the burden of expenses for carrying out sanitary, veterinary and fire-fighting measures - he will equip a disinfection barrier at the entrance to the livestock premises, carry out disinfection if necessary, treat the animals... After all, it is possible to keep animals, to have a private plot within the boundaries of the settlement - this is the privilege of the entire community of citizens of a given area and of every citizen: specialists know how many threats there are. And providing a safe living environment for fellow countrymen is the honorable duty of the owner of a private household plot. Plus the production of tasty and healthy products.

Offer to be a businessman

Here's another case. Let's say it's a shed. “Our sheep farming has decreased,” the speaker continued, “and shepherds often live in the sheds where they worked on the farm, and they still live here, but they work only for themselves. We ask the citizen using this shed to provide a certificate of state registration of the right to it or a lease agreement registered with the registration chamber. Yes - good. Has the land plot for the shed been registered, is there a “pink” certificate? Yes. Is there a document for the land where the herd grazes? No, this means that the shepherd must bear administrative liability in the form of a fine of up to one thousand rubles. Officials of internal affairs bodies (police) have the right to draw up protocols on administrative offenses. Administrative measures may also be applied to him, as well as to the owners of personal subsidiary plots that I mentioned earlier. But if there are documents drawn up in accordance with the current legislation for both the shed and the land, then we need to establish on what right the citizen carries out his activities. It will probably be difficult to classify it as a personal subsidiary plot, since it is not registered as a farm. In this case, we will be faced with the fact that this citizen carries out entrepreneurial activities without state registration as an individual entrepreneur or without state registration as a legal entity. This violation entails the imposition of an administrative fine of up to 2.0 thousand rubles. Officials of tax authorities and bodies carrying out state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs have the right to draw up and make a final decision.

If it turns out that the shed does not currently belong to anyone, then it can be classified as ownerless property. For example, a collective farm went bankrupt, but the shepherds who worked continue to use it to breed animals and live in a barnyard, and they often claim that they bought it out. They cannot explain why it is not registered, there is no certificate. In this case, these sheds and other real estate objects, in accordance with current legislation, must be registered by local government bodies as ownerless property in the ownership of the municipality, and then rented out to these or other citizens, but on the condition (specified in the lease agreement) if they comply with all veterinary and sanitary rules, the procedure for driving and grazing animals and register as a peasant farm or as an individual entrepreneur.

Local authorities need to work closely with veterinary and sanitary services, with the Department of Internal Affairs, with representatives of environmental supervision, agricultural supervision, state registration and fire supervision. And in general, let's restore order on our land within the framework of existing laws. Do not give rise to everyday conflicts, which sometimes develop into criminality. Do not give a reason to use them by some individuals in escalating interfaith and interethnic relations - in a word, until the Maidan!

There are no unsolvable questions

In Dry Buffalo, everything is done in accordance with the law. But other questions arise. Alexander Tenkov, the head of the municipality of the village, said that by decision of the council of deputies here in 2009, the rules for keeping, grazing and driving farm animals were approved, and in 2013, standards for the load of livestock during grazing were established. Owners of farm animals and poultry were required to have title documents for land plots.

“But it has not yet been decided which body will carry out the land surveying work, since state ownership of the lands that are located within the boundaries of the settlement is not demarcated,” said Alexander Ivanovich. – We have discussed this issue more than once: it is a costly matter, and the municipality will not receive a penny. Is it necessary to do this?

Nikolai Vasilievich Gubsky gave a specific answer to this question:

– The right to dispose of land plots, state ownership of which is not demarcated, is granted by law to the municipal district. The municipal district must survey it and bear the material costs of forming such land plots, and then it must enter into an agreement with the owners of the animals kept in the private plots. (There are known cases when this was done, conflicts and strife ceased.) 80 - 100 rubles per head per year is a small burden, but the region receives this money and uses it to improve the same pastures.

There are answers to everything

The presiding officer, Vladimir Trukhachev, for his part, stated that all questions can be answered:

– When we meet with representatives of Rosregistration, we always find a common language. The head of the regional department teaches here. And he encourages us to reach out when serious questions arise. There are mechanisms that we sometimes do not know about. Much has been said about what is happening in some eastern regions. But many issues were resolved in two to three months. We should have gone there earlier. That is, you just need to ask questions. There are answers to everything in the legislation of both the region and Russia. You have to move, and then a lot becomes clear.

Gennady Chernov, the head of the municipality of the village of Beshpagir, said that rules for keeping domestic animals and norms for the load on pastures have also been approved, routes for driving livestock and the timing of their grazing have been determined, and now there is no such thing that animals have to graze all year round. Now he is worried about the size of his subsidiary plot. Is it necessary to limit the number of animals in private household plots? Within a populated area this is necessary. But, perhaps, we could suggest that people keep animals outside of it – this would not slow down the development of livestock farming! He is also concerned that the material interest of peasants in engaging in personal farming is disappearing. Buy a carton of milk in a store – 42 rubles. And to hand it over costs 15 rubles. It would be nice to resolve the issue of subsidies, at least for dairy farming!

“The draft budget for 2014 did not provide for subsidies for milk produced on the population’s private farms,” chairperson Vladimir Trukhachev responded to this. – On my initiative, supported by Ivan Andreevich Bogachev, we achieved subsidies in the amount of 65 million. This is last year's level. But it’s better than nothing: if a line item leaves the budget, it’s very difficult to get it back. And we believe that livestock farming should be supported in every possible way.

The idea was developed by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gubsky:

– When the regional Duma put forward a legislative initiative to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of Russia on limiting the number of animals in private household plots within the boundaries of settlements, we were told: use the norms of the law that already exist. How do others work? In Armavir, for example, every month they organize a door-to-door inspection. All municipal employees, starting with the chairman of the Duma and the head of the administration, are assigned to the streets, and they walk, look at the sanitary, veterinary, fire-fighting condition of the facilities, how many animals are in the yard... And everything is in order.

And our initiative to limit the number of animals in private household plots was not supported even by our neighbors - Dagestan, Kalmykia, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic...

And again about accounting and control...

Viktor Barylenko, deputy head of administration - head of the department of agriculture and environmental protection of the administration of the Petrovsky municipal district, rightly noted that personal subsidiary farming, in the conditions of optimizing the number of workers in large agricultural enterprises and the outflow of residents from the village, becomes a factor that “holds” the rural settlement, does not give him to die. It becomes a source of income for rural residents and allows them to provide the region with food.

– According to statistics, there are 14,551 personal subsidiary plots in the region. They produce 84.6 percent milk and 89.7 percent meat.

The rules for keeping, grazing and running in the area are defined. But the requirement for a 50-meter barrier cannot always be met due to the size of the plots. The solution to the issue of the number of animals in private household plots can be the provision of land plots for rent or the provision of public easements for grazing livestock outside populated areas. In these cases, it will be possible to apply grazing standards and control by the administration, noted Barylenko. He is concerned that some of the livestock are located outside the settlements, and they are not registered, not taken into account, and the budget does not receive deductions from them. What is also worrying is the movement of animals from neighboring territories, which is not coordinated with the veterinary service, which leads to a worsening of the epizootic situation. The deputy head proposed increasing fines for transporting livestock without accompanying documents. And further:

- About easement. It will be difficult for municipal areas to conduct grazing surveys: there are few funds and specialists. I think this work should be carried out jointly, and perhaps partly at the expense of the user. When he receives the right to use the pastures, he will look after them and will not allow outsiders there.

An alarming topic was raised by Yuriy Senatenko, head of the territorial department of the Rospotrebnadzor Office for the Investigative Committee in the Ipatovsky district:

– The region today is a leader in brucellosis among animals and people. We are reaping the consequences of both the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, registering up to 20 new cases a year. And most importantly: the legislation today does not give us the right to apply the sanctions that were discussed today. Other services are related to the passage and maintenance of animals from private farms, but we do not. We are concerned about this lack of legislation; it needs to be corrected. I don’t agree that we need to act today only with carrots. We also need to punish...

Law to help

Ivan Kuzminov, head of the Office of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance in the Stavropol Territory, offered real help to farmers:

– Our service has the supervisory and control function of agricultural lands regarding the movement and deterioration of the fertile layer of the earth. On February 15, 2014, an amendment to the Code of Administrative Offenses came into force. For non-use of agricultural land, huge fines of up to 500 thousand are now imposed. So, here they talked about pastures: one has, the other uses. Does it happen that these lands are plowed up? Happens! And you are silent. There is a precedent in the region, in the Arzgir region: with our help, the district administration seized the pasture from the owner. After all, it takes at least 5–7 years to restore a plowed pasture. So in such cases, don’t be silent! We are ready to help you, to use the right that the government has given.

Alexander Zakharchenko, head of the administration of the Petrovsky municipal district, said that there is a lot of unregistered livestock in the area.

– It turns out that grazing lands are being used, but no one is responsible for this. It is not right. In addition to accounting, it is necessary that sick cattle are not brought in... If we teach everyone to order, to the rules, to the law, then our biological resources will be richer and healthier than they are today. Otherwise, they bring in sick livestock, and then we suffer, we don’t know where to take it out, where to dispose of it... I urge the federal services to take a more stringent approach to this. If you need to fine - fine!

Nobody but ourselves

Alexander Nagaev, First Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Stavropol Territory, outlined the position of the ministry:

– Today we are discussing one of the most pressing issues relating to personal plots. I want to say: no one will restore order here. This is our task. The regulatory framework allows us to resolve issues, you just need to use it. We talked about municipal control. But in order for it to be carried out, provisions, procedures, and administrative regulations for conducting municipal inspections are necessary. So far, preparatory work has been carried out in only a few districts - Budennovsky, Novoselitsky, Mineralovodsky, Novoaleksandrovsky. The work is difficult and perhaps thankless, but it must be done.

Second question. Load on pastures. Regulatory documents on this issue have not yet been adopted in Petrovsky, Grachevsky, Izobilnensky, Shpakovsky and Sovetsky districts, and partly in Stepnovsky. Not all districts have operational headquarters or interdepartmental working groups that can be used to restore order. They need to be created. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture has created a sector to ensure the fertility of agricultural lands. We will support everyone who contacts us. In addition, we will interact with federal and regional structures and support municipalities.

Today, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation takes a clear position on issues of private farming. He set the task that, if necessary, the right to enter and inspect the farm was ensured, starting from the number of livestock and ending with the sanitary and epidemiological situation.

Chairman Vladimir Trukhachev drew the line:

“Today we discussed the most important issue for our region. As you can see, there are plenty of mechanisms to restore order. In general, across the region, it is necessary to develop a unified approach: “If an animal grazes on the lands of the region without a tag with a number, then this is an ownerless animal - a threat to humans!” This animal (in accordance with current legislation) must be isolated to determine the owner. If the owner does not show up, then it should be sent to a meat processing plant. Part of the proceeds for the meat is sent to reimburse the costs of the person who kept it in the detention center, and the remaining funds are sent to the budget of the municipality. If this is not done, then in such a municipality there is no veterinary service and local authorities!

How to rebuild a cow's diet when grazing on green grass begins

Excess protein in green herbs needs to be balanced with carbohydrates. With the beginning of the grazing period, be sure to include corn and/or succulent feed (optimally potatoes and fodder beets) in the diet.

The lack of phosphorus can be compensated for by including wheat bran, cereal bran and grains in the diet. Deficiency of magnesium, cobalt, selenium and other microelements is corrected with the help of salt-mineral supplements, premixes - 80-100 grams per day. It is very good if lickers are installed in the barn.

Examples of diets for high-yielding cows weighing 500 kg during the grazing period can be seen in this topic dedicated to legumes on moikorovu.ru.

And I gave examples of menus for cows weighing 600 kg and with different milk yields.

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Offer to be a businessman

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There are answers to everything

And again about accounting and control...

Law to help

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