How to destroy the moth on currant and gooseberry bushes

Gooseberries and currants – popular crops in gardening. They do not require careful care, watering and fertilizing, but they bring a rich harvest. Plant diseases and pests can rob a gardener of his juicy berries. After all, gooseberries and currants themselves are helpless against them. For example, the gooseberry moth, which inhabits almost the entire territory of Russia, causes significant damage to berry crops. The larvae of this butterfly can eat up to 15 berries at a time. Therefore, experts advise fighting this pest and following the rules of prevention so that it does not disturb berry crops again.

Characteristics of the fire

The gooseberry moth is a subspecies of the scalywing moth, which belongs to the butterfly family. It is small in size and dark brown in color. The bug lays its eggs in the buds and ovaries of gooseberries, raspberries and currants. Just one individual moth is capable of producing 100-150 eggs.

After ten days, caterpillars hatch from the eggs. In a berry that is already ripe by that time, one caterpillar attaches itself, and its sisters and brothers crawl into neighboring buds in search of food. Moth caterpillars eat only the contents of fruits and their seeds, leaving biological waste inside. Of course, this causes the berries to deteriorate and rot.

When the caterpillar eats one berry, it crawls into another. About a month after their birth, the caterpillars descend along the web into the ground to pupate there, overwinter and fly out of the ground in the spring to reproduce. Typically, moth pupae overwinter at a depth of up to 7 centimeters in the soil next to bushes.

Adult moths fly for about a month. At the end of this period, the berry crops are just blooming, which is attacked by insects.

Signs of infection

It is not difficult to detect the moth on a gooseberry - to do this you just need to inspect the bush and the fruits. When infected, small holes will be visible on the berries through which the finest threads of cobwebs stretch. Over time, the number of such fruits will increase significantly.

On a note! Moreover, a lump of cobwebs around them will also grow, and often in one such cocoon you can find several berries of varying degrees of ripeness and contamination at once - some can be absolutely fresh, others can be rotten and dried out.

The main source of food for gooseberry moth larvae is fruit pulp and seeds. Moreover, while damaging the internal tissues of the fruit, the caterpillars will not touch the peel. And if you try to stir up a ball of tangled berries and crush the healthiest looking one, you will probably find a bright green caterpillar with a black head inside.

If you do not destroy the pest population in time, then after a short period of time most of the berries will be in the web and the entire harvest will be under serious threat. And the caterpillars, having gained enough strength, will descend into the soil and calmly go to winter.

What measures exist to combat the moth. What are the rules of prevention?

There are many different ways to directly combat the moth. If they are consumed in time, the insect will not have time to destroy the crop. Each method is used depending on the period and stage of development of berry crops:

Agrotechnical - from the beginning of spring until the very end of autumn.
Treatment with poison - from the beginning of spring until the beginning of flowering, at the end of summer and in the fall, when the harvest is harvested.
Spraying with biological agents - throughout the entire growth and development of bushes.
Folk methods - throughout the entire period of development.

Agrotechnical methods against moth

Obviously, weakened bushes will suffer more from pests than stronger ones. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the usual agrotechnical rules so that gooseberries and currants develop normally and grow well:

thin out bushes as necessary;
do not fertilize excessively;
clean the roots of the bush from fallen leaves;
cut off shoots;
treat against pests and diseases;
dig up soil within the radius of the trunk;
Hill up and cover the soil next to the bush for the winter.

Digging the soil

Adult moth caterpillars directly descend to the soil surface to burrow into it and modify into a pupa. If at the end of autumn you dig up the first layer of soil within a radius of up to 50 centimeters from the bush, the pupae that fall out of the ground in winter will simply freeze and die.

It should be remembered that the roots of currants and gooseberries are not deep, so you need to dig up the soil carefully and no deeper than 5 centimeters.

Hilling

Usually the pupae spend the winter closer to the center of the bush. To prevent insects from attacking gooseberries or currants in the summer season, they need to be directly earthed up in the autumn. As a rule, this procedure is carried out in late September - early October. In the root circle, the soil is loosened and a mound is poured into the base of the bush, the height of which should be approximately 10 centimeters. When the butterfly hatches from the cocoon in the spring, it will be difficult for it to crawl through the layer of soil and it will not be able to lay eggs.

Ground cover

Covering the soil with dense material is called mulching. First, a peat or compost layer is laid out near the base of the bush within a radius of 30-40 centimeters and a thickness of 10 centimeters. This is done as soon as the snow melts so that the butterflies cannot leave their hibernation site. The poured layer is removed when the berries are completely ripe.

Also in early spring you can cover the soil next to the bush with dense roofing felt. For butterflies, it will become a wall through which they are unlikely to crawl.

Mechanical collection of affected berries

If there are few affected berries on the bush, you can use mechanical picking. All berries that will be collected must be poured with boiling water and disposed of. This will help protect the rest of the crop from moths at the very beginning of infection of the bushes.

Thinning bushes

A heavily thickened bush directly creates favorable conditions for the life of moths. If you trim the bush in time, this will improve air circulation and light in it. In addition, if you thin out the bushes every year, larger fruits will grow on them.

Moth traps

Everyone knows that all butterflies fly towards the light. Fireweeds are no exception here. You can buy a light “trap” in a specialized store, or you can make it yourself. To do this, take an ordinary light bulb, connect it to electricity and turn it on at night. Next, the light bulb is covered with a glass cap, which is pre-coated with something sweet and sticky. The fireflies fly towards the light and sweet smell, land on the cap and fall into the trap.

Helpful Tips and Mistakes to Avoid

Experienced gardeners share tips for combating moth:

To reliably protect gooseberries from wax moths, it is also worth treating neighboring plants (currants, raspberries) that are susceptible to damage by these insects.
Since the life cycle of the pest is 40 days, and the insecticidal preparations used to destroy it last no more than 20 days, the procedure for spraying gooseberries with chemicals is carried out 2-3 times.
For treatment with insecticides to be highly effective, an integrated approach is needed, including parallel control of pupae located in the soil. To do this, use systemic agents (“Confidor maxi”, “Aktaru” and others), diluting the drug in water (8 g per 10 l) and watering the soil around the roots with the solution.
Using an adhesive, for example, grated and dissolved laundry soap in water, when spraying will help the active substances remain on the leaves of the plant for a long time and act more effectively.

It is better to avoid the use of insecticidal preparations (systemic and contact) at air temperatures above +25°C, since in the heat their phytotoxicity increases, which leads to a negative effect on the human body.

Traditional methods

Gardeners have already accumulated a wealth of experience in the prevention and control of gooseberry moths. Basically, all products have an unpleasant odor for insects and repel them, and some reduce their activity and irritate the upper layer of the skin of larvae and moths.

Tar and turpentine

Turpentine and tar are good at repelling insect pests. To protect the bushes from moths, you need to pour these liquids into different jars and place them next to the bushes.

Chamomile

From the beginning of flowering, you can treat all currant and gooseberry bushes with an infusion of chamomile. To prepare it, you will need to pour 100 grams of dry chamomile into a bucket of hot water and infuse the resulting solution. Next, it is filtered, poured into a sprayer and sprayed on the bushes in the early morning and late evening.

Persian chamomile

Persian chamomile or feverfew powder has the properties of tansy. It directly contains a strong toxin that negatively affects the nervous system of insects. This powder is used to pollinate bushes to kill caterpillars and moths.

You can also plant tansy itself near berry bushes. 1 tansy flower is enough for 5 gooseberry bushes. The insect does not like its smell and reduces its activity.

Ash

An alkaline solution is prepared from the ash to treat the bushes. To do this, you need to pour ⅓ of the ash into a bucket and fill it with water to the top. Next, the composition is infused for 48 hours and filtered.

Mustard

Mustard contains essential oils and alkaloids that help cope with moth. To spray the bushes, prepare a solution from mustard powder: 10 tablespoons of dry mustard are poured into a bucket of running water and left for 2 days. Next, you can add a little liquid soap so that the composition sticks to the leaves better. The resulting mass is diluted with water in a proportion of ½ and the bushes are treated with it.

Sagebrush

The bitter smell of wormwood always repels moths. An infusion is prepared from it for treating bushes: 7 tablespoons of wormwood are poured into 1 liter of water, allowed to brew for 60 minutes, and then filtered and diluted with 10 liters of water.

You can also stick a dried wormwood branch into the middle of the bush. This will also repel insects.

Tobacco

Tobacco contains nicotine, which kills moths. Bushes are treated with its infusion 7 days after flowering. To prepare the solution, pour 200 g of tobacco into a container, add 3 liters of hot water, close tightly and leave for 48 hours. Before the procedure, liquid or solid soap (grated) is added to the composition.

Vinegar

Vapors from vinegar essence irritate the respiratory tract of caterpillars and butterflies, and also irritate their delicate skin. Therefore, after treatment, insects die immediately.

To prepare a working solution, 250 milliliters of 9% vinegar are diluted in 10 liters of water. The resulting product is sprayed onto the bushes immediately after flowering.

Which plants are at risk?

As is clear from the name of the insect, the gooseberry moth loves gooseberries.
However, sometimes it can feed on currant and raspberry berries. Insects always gnaw through the ovaries from the outside and eat away the seeds and pulp of the berries. This insect is not afraid of other garden and vegetable crops.

Interestingly, the moth is still considered the only creature on the planet capable of completely digesting wax. She succeeds in this thanks to special enzymes that are found in her saliva.

Pesticide

Chemicals help eliminate the moth quickly. Unfortunately, they directly harm not only the insect, but also the berry crop itself, as well as the animals living nearby. It is advisable to use pesticides when neither traditional nor agricultural methods help.

Typically, insecticide treatment is carried out early in the morning or late in the evening. There should be no rain, hail or wind.

One and a half to two liters of poison solution is usually enough for a whole bush. And if biological products are used in processing, then they need from two to five liters per bush.

First, the bushes are sprayed with pesticides. Their effect lasts for 1-2 weeks. Next, the treatment is completed with biological preparations. This is repeated until all caterpillars and butterflies are directly destroyed.

Before flowering begins

Before the flowers appear, the bushes are treated with the following preparations:

“Fofanon” (3 ml per bucket of water),
“Inta-Ts-M” (1 tablet per 10 liters of water),
“Actellik” (2 ml per 2 liters of water).

The active ingredients of the drugs have a detrimental effect on the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems of moths and paralyze them. Insects die from poison very quickly - from 2 to 24 hours. In this case, not only the larvae are destroyed, but also the moth eggs and their adults.

During flowering

As soon as the buds on the bushes begin to open, the plants must be treated with the following means:

“Bitoxibacillin” (100 grams per bucket of water),
“Fitoverm” (1.5 milliliters per liter of water),
“Lepidocide” (30 grams per 10 liters of water).

All these drugs enter the caterpillar's intestines and have a detrimental effect on it. Soon (after about 48 hours) the insect dies.

During the ripening period of berries

During the ripening of berries, currant and gooseberry bushes can be sprayed with the same preparations that are used for treatment during flowering (“Fitoverm”, “Bitoxibacillin”, “Lepidocid”).

The treatment procedure is carried out approximately once a week. However, it is important to remember that processing is stopped 5 days before picking the berries.

It is also important to know that the above products have a very unpleasant odor, which can smell like berries. After collection, they are thoroughly washed up to 3 times.

What happens if you don't fight the pest?

If you do not pay attention to the condition of the gooseberry bushes and do not take measures to destroy pests, the moth population quickly increases and, as a result, you can lose the entire crop. Feeding on berries, the caterpillars gain strength, after which they go into the soil under the plant, pupate, and in the spring of next year the butterflies, the number of which has increased hundreds of times, lay eggs and destroy flowers, ovaries, leaves and fruits. If you do not respond properly, the affected area will increase every year and capture new plants.

Preventive measures

In order to directly protect currant, gooseberry and raspberry bushes from insect pests, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures from the beginning of the spring to the end of the autumn seasons:

Before flowering , cover the soil in the tree trunk circle with mulching material. This will prevent the bugs from crawling out of the ground after wintering.
In the summer - treatment of bushes for preventive purposes, mechanical (manual) collection of damaged berries and cocoons with cobwebs on them.
In the autumn , dig up the soil and hill up the bush to prevent pests from overwintering and crawling out of the ground.
When planting shrubs, leave at least one meter between bushes. Otherwise, in a heavily dense planting, it will be very difficult to cope with butterflies.
Regular pruning and thinning throughout the growing season.

It is also important to know that the resistance of berry crops to pests depends on their variety, weather conditions, the presence of diseases, temperature and air humidity.

If spring is quite warm and started early, the moth attacks early varieties of currants and gooseberries. But if spring started late and is quite cold, the moth prefers to directly attack later varieties of berry crops.

Causes

Reasons for the appearance of moth on gooseberries:

the presence of a pest on currant or raspberry bushes growing nearby;
dense plantings and irregular pruning of branches, which leads to a lack of lighting and air;
lack of proper care of the garden plot (cleaning up fallen leaves, fruits and other plant debris);
non-compliance with the rules of agricultural technology (timely loosening and digging of the soil, mulching);
neglect of preventive treatment measures to prevent plant damage.

Harm

The majority of moth species are considered particularly dangerous pests. They are notable for the fact that they colonize granaries, food warehouses, elevators and destroy stocks of fruit crops, grains, and cereals.

Moths are dangerous pests of food products and also destroy crops of fruit and agricultural plants.

A number of moths settle in warehouses and infect confectionery products, flour, and dried fruits. Having settled in shops and warehouses, moths can cause multimillion-dollar losses. Therefore, at the first sign of the appearance of a moth, it is necessary to take all measures to destroy it.

Currant varieties resistant to the pest

There are no currant varieties resistant to moth and scale insects. Bushes that have strong immunity to disease have a better chance of recovering faster after an encounter with a pest if they receive timely help.

The stability of currants depends on many factors:

Genetic origin;
Degree of adaptation to climatic conditions;
Weather conditions during the growing season;
Degrees of adaptation to diseases and pests.

Table: Recommended blackcurrant varieties

Name	According to ripening period	Berry weight, g	Taste rating, point
Pearl	early	4	5
Crane	average	1,5	4
Minay Shmyrev	average	1	4,3
Ant	average	1,1	4
Lazy person	late	2	4,8
Chereshneva	late	3	4

To develop new resistant forms of red currant, hybrids obtained by crossing the varieties Chulkovskaya, Rote Spätlese, Maarsea Prominent, Jonker van Tets are used.

Table: Recommended varieties of red currants

Name	According to ripening period	Berry weight, g	Taste rating, point
Gazelle	early	0,5	3,5
Alpha	average	1,5	4,7
Red Andreichenko	average	0,7	4,2
Dutch red	late	1	3,5
Gift of summer	late	0,9	3,5

Description [ | ]

There are simple eyes, the antennae of females are thread-like, in males they are often with cilia or saw-toothed; the proboscis is horny, well developed (sometimes short or completely absent). The labial tentacles are 3-segmented, strongly protruding forward, like a beak; in Hydrocampidae the jaw tentacles are more developed. The wings at rest are folded roof-shaped or horizontally. The anterior ones are narrow, elongated, rounded-triangular, with an undivided median cell and with 11-12, less often with 9-10 veins, there is a significant gap between the 5th and 6th; the hind wings are wide, rounded, with a clasp, with a short fringe, with three intramarginal veins and, in addition, with veins; The 7th and costal (8th) veins sometimes merge. The females of some drocampidae have rudimentary wings (Acentropas).

Most moths are butterflies that fly in the evenings or at night; painted in gray and dark colors, but some, such as Pyrausta purpuralis L., fly during the day and are brightly colored; representatives of the genus Hercyna and Orenaia live high in the mountains, even being found in the snow.

Spreading

The gooseberry moth lives where there are forest-steppe and steppe zones. This is the entire territory of Europe, as well as the North American continent. According to the observations of scientists, there are regions in which this pest rampages most often. Russian gardens located in the following areas will suffer the most from the moth:

Moscow;
Ryazan;
Ivanovskaya;
Vladimirskaya;
Tverskaya.

However, this does not at all indicate that other regions need not be afraid of the pest. It lives and multiplies in Eastern and Western Europe, which means it is found everywhere, including Karelia and Siberia.

conclusions

Moth and glass beetle are one of the most dangerous pests of currants. The pest needs to be controlled from early spring to late autumn.
As soon as the snow melts, you can put a piece of roofing felt under the bush to prevent the butterflies from flying out.
In the spring, spraying solutions prepared according to folk recipes will help scare off butterflies.
In the summer, you need to carefully inspect the bushes and pick off all suspicious bunches of berries. They need to be scalded with boiling water.
During the ripening period, to combat caterpillars, it is allowed to spray the bush with biological products. After picking the berries, pesticides can be used for treatment.
In late autumn, you need to hill the bush to a height of 10 cm to make it difficult for butterflies to emerge from the ground.
Elderberry bushes planted near currants will repel the moth from it.

About growing moths for sale

Many people think that breeding and growing wax moths is a very simple matter. All you need to do is collect all the unnecessary dryness and place it in a jar in which 5-6 butterflies are planted.

Greater wax moth (female)

In reality, it is better to use an unnecessary hive that is placed in the attic. And it’s better if empty dry land alternates with beebread honeycombs. You can also use fertilizer:

Corn or wheat flour;
Powdered milk;
Water, glycerin, yeast.

Tinctures and various extracts are prepared only from larvae. And they say that the wax moth that hatched in the hive with the bees will be more useful. So you can sacrifice one real hive, as well as an unnecessary bee colony. By the way, when the larvae hatch, they need to be sorted by size.

Bee moth larvae and caterpillars can feed on polyethylene. More precisely, they dissolve it using some unknown substance. Even dead larvae have a similar property. In general, neither birds nor amphibians eat these insects. The reason is the presence of ethylene glycol.

Name of drugs	Undesirable consequences after consuming them with alcohol
Metronidazole;	Dizziness;
Furazolidone;	Loss of consciousness,
Nizoral;	Nausea and vomiting;
Antibiotics of the cephalosporin series;	Tachycardia;
Biseptol;	Chills;
Disulfiram;	A sharp decrease in blood pressure;
Levomycetin;	Confusion;
Ketoconazole.	Disorientation in space.

Cone moth

Cone fire.

The pest destroys coniferous trees. The larvae of the cone moth eat young shoots, which helps slow down the growth of the young plant and development. Infected needles dry out and the cones fall off. The cones have eaten away scales. The larvae mainly feed on pine, larch, fir, and cedar pine.

The small butterfly has an oblong body and a cone-shaped head. The hind wings are whitish-gray. The front wings are gray in color and have a dark border. The pupa barely reaches 10 mm. It has a light brown or dark brown color.

Life cycle

During the mating period, females lay up to 5 eggs.
The eggs are yellowish-red in color.
After 2 weeks, large, reddish-brown larvae appear, with dark stripes on the side. They eat the scales and shoots without affecting the stem.
Having absorbed nutrients, the pupation stage begins.
Overwintering occurs in a web cocoon.

Fighting methods

Methods include:

spraying with chemicals;
tree pruning;
a work of deep digging.

The drugs “BI-58” and “Rogor-S” are also used. They spray the crowns of conifers.

Expert opinion

Evgeniy Koshalev

I dig in the garden at the dacha until the last rays of sunshine every day. No specialty, just an amateur with experience.

It is very economical to handle landings from helicopters that are suffering from mass destruction. 300 liters of composition are required for 1 hectare. The processing is done once.

Symptoms of the lesion

You can tell that a plant is affected by the moth by the presence of caterpillars in the ovaries. Only one caterpillar can live in one ovary. She is the only resident of the selected location, which means that only she has the right to feast on the captured part of the bush. Young caterpillars are colored pink. But with age they become fatter and turn green. They leave behind berries tangled in a web. This is another characteristic sign of pest damage to a berry plant.

Leaves that have fallen from an infected bush should be carefully collected and burned in the fall. Or, as a last resort, take it away from the dacha area.

Lifestyle

Over the course of a year, up to ten generations can develop in heated rooms. One development cycle lasts from 45 to 270 days. Eggs develop from 3 to 27 days.

Adults fly at night and at dusk and do not feed. The butterflies mate a few hours after emerging from the pupa. Females appear much earlier than males, which helps reduce inbreeding. Females are able to mate several times during their lives. Eggs are laid, as a rule, within two days after emerging from the pupa. The mating process is controlled by pheromones. The concentration of pheromones correlates with the maturity of the ovaries and the period of ovulation. When releasing pheromones, the female sticks her abdomen out between her wings and tucks up its tip, exposing the pheromone glands. The female lays eggs singly or in groups - from 50 to 562 pieces. The number of eggs laid depends on the age of the butterflies at mating. If mating occurs on the day of emergence from the pupa, then females lay an average of about 264 eggs, but if they mate on the sixth day, then their average fertility is only about 148 eggs. The lifespan of a virgin female is 10.5 days, and that of a mated female is about five days.

Males that evolved at high densities have lower body mass and smaller forewings, heads and chests, suggesting they were unable to fully compensate for food shortages. Relative to the size of the entire body, these males have longer forewings, which gives them an advantage when searching for females. The lifespan of males is 10-13 days. It takes the male 24 hours to form a spermatophore.

Caterpillars have five instars. The color of the caterpillars, depending on the nature of the food, can be yellowish-white, greenish or pinkish. They live, as a rule, on the surface of flour or grain. The maximum development rate is observed on buckwheat, wheat and rye flour. First, the caterpillars gnaw out the embryo, the shells of the grain, and then eat the remaining parts of the grain. Depending on the temperature, the development of caterpillars lasts from 24 to 144 days. The optimal temperature for development is considered to be 26 °C. At temperatures around 0°C, caterpillars can remain alive for about 4 months. Caterpillars pupate in crevices and cracks of walls, in containers and bags. The duration of development at the pupal stage is from 20 to 67 days. In summer it can develop outdoors in haystacks, garbage heaps and on leks. Parasites of the mill moth are ichneumonids, braconids and trichogrammatids. Numerous Trichogramma species and the aphelinid Encarsia porteri

.
Caterpillars and pupae of the moth can be destroyed by the larvae of the small club-footed beetle and the Mauritanian booger. Bedbugs of the genus Orius
feed on moth eggs, and the bugs choose to feed on eggs that are not infected with Trichogramma.
Butterflies are parasitized by mites Seiulus muricatus
, while mites
Pyemotes ventricosus
and
Typhlodromus tineivorus
feed on eggs.

Mill moth caterpillars are affected by the bacteria Bacillus thuringensis

,
Bacillus agilis
,
Telohania ephestiae
and
Microcosus ephestiae
and the entomopathogenic fungi
Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae
and
Isaria fumosorosea
.
Intracellular symbionts are bacteria of the genus Wolbachia
.
They cause reproductive cytoplasmic incompatibility. The Wolbachia population doubles on average every 3.6 days when moths develop on the caterpillars. Numerous intracellular mycoplasma ( Mycoplasma hominis
) inclusions were found in caterpillars and adults (in the ovaries) of the mill moth. They are transmitted through the female line and cause male sterility in fruit flies. However, in the mill moth infected with these microorganisms, infertility or other pathological changes were not observed.