METHOD FOR GROWING LARVAES OF FLIES OF THE GENUS LUCILIA Russian patent 2022 according to IPC A01K67/33 A23K10/20 

The rate of reproduction of dipteran insects is amazing. The flies that emerge from pupae in April become ubiquitous by autumn. But the rate of reproduction is much higher than one might imagine. If one pair is allowed to mate unhindered, by autumn there will be 5,598,720 million flies on the globe. If it were not for insectivorous birds and mammals, there would be nothing on Earth except these insects. Of no less interest is the fact of how long flies live. This indicator depends on a number of factors.

Lifespan of the common fly

Sometimes it seems that flies are indestructible and live longer than the Serpent Gorynych. As soon as the sun warms up, you can immediately hear its buzzing. Such a nuisance can happen if a fly from the last autumn brood remains to overwinter not far from the dwelling. It is not for nothing that this insect received the name Musca domestica or house fly; it can only survive in proximity to humans. Although, most often it is a person who ends the life cycle of the common fly.

At different latitudes, the lifespan of a housefly can vary. The optimal conditions that guarantee maximum life of the fly are:

• humidity about 80%;
• temperature above 23 °C.

In such cases, with sufficient nutrition and the absence of dangers, the fly can live for more than 2 months. Well, how long a fly lives in an apartment depends on the owner of the home; usually this time does not exceed three weeks.

How dangerous is this for humans?

If the regular deaths of flies are caused by natural circumstances, plant cultivation, aromatherapy, then there is no potential harm to human health.

However, in situations where the cause of insect deaths is toxic fumes from furniture, indoor surfaces, consumer electronics, and plastic windows, then in the medium term, residents of an apartment/private house develop various chronic diseases, syndromes and negative conditions caused by cumulative intoxication.

Stages of fly development

An adult insect, already 36 hours after the end of the pupation stage, is ready for reproduction. The life cycle of a fly is divided into 4 stages:

• egg;
• larva;
• chrysalis;
• imago or adult individual.

A flying, domestic pest can lay 100-150 eggs in one clutch. The number of fly clutches depends on the climate and the abundance of food; in favorable conditions they can appear every 3-4 days. The total number of eggs during the life cycle of a fly can reach 2000. The very small size of the eggs does not allow the clutch to be seen, so cleanliness in the house is the key to the health of its inhabitants. Eggs are laid in a suitable environment - warm, nutritious, moist and inaccessible to light. Egg incubation time is 1-2 days.

Larvae emerge from the eggs, begin to actively feed and increase in size by almost 800 times. The rate of development of larvae depends on the nutritional value of the substrate in which they find themselves. The process takes 1-3 weeks; it is at this stage that light is harmful to the fly embryo. Therefore, maggots crawl deeper into the substrate and experience three molts.

Before pupation, the larva moves to a dry place and forms a cocoon. In a hard, brown cocoon, the transformation of the larva into an insect begins. After 5-6 days, an adult is born from the pupa, the fly cannot fly for some time, its wings are still wet and weak. Well, how many days a fly will live will depend on its caution.

The imago or adult fly is a small insect, usually 6-8 mm. The insect's abdomen is yellowish, and there are 4 dark stripes on the chest. Huge compound eyes provide her with a 360° view.

Chemical exposure

The number of dead cockroaches on the back can be observed where pest control is actively carried out, therefore, in people's homes or on the territory of food-related industrial enterprises. The fact is that the chlorine-containing substances of specialists contain a large amount of nerve agent. As soon as it gets into the body of a cockroach, various spasms immediately begin to occur in the body, which cause it to roll over onto its back.

Finding itself in such a strange and literally mortally dangerous position, the cockroach simply cannot move for some time due to paralysis, and then, when it comes to its senses, it cannot roll over, which is why it dies.

In addition, the cockroach is not aware of the actions it performs, thereby not being able to carry out meaningful coordination of movements. In such “delirium,” a cockroach can do anything, including fall on its back. He will no longer be able to get up, but will die more likely from thirst than from hunger, since cockroaches can live for a long time without food. But not without water.

Not only paralyzing insecticides are also actively used, but also conventional ones, and sometimes they are used together. Cockroaches are known to be extremely tenacious and immune to some of the poisons that were used to poison them in the past. Using nerve poisons along with other poisons can greatly increase the chance that a cockroach will not survive pest control and will not develop immunity to this type of poison.

Nerve agents cause the cockroach to roll over on its back, reducing its chances of survival if the poison wears off.

House fly feeding

The common fly has no jaws; its mouthparts are a split proboscis. Through it, saliva is released onto solid residues, and after the food softens, it is absorbed. That is why it is impossible to get a bite from such an insect. The fly prefers semi-liquid or rotten food.

When the temperature drops below zero, flies go into suspended animation. According to observations, in a state of suspended animation and without food, an insect can last up to six months. An increase in temperature causes it to revive and actively search for food. The sudden appearance of an insect in early spring involuntarily leads to the thought - how many years does a fly live?

The fly's feeding method may pose a risk to human health. The paws and abdomen, framed by hairs, absorb many dangerous substances and pathogenic bacteria. In addition, microorganisms located in the insect’s stomach survive and are transferred with its saliva to unharvested food. The list of dangerous diseases carried by flies is not small. Therefore, no matter how long a fly lives in an apartment, there is a danger of it transmitting various types of infections.

How dangerous is this for humans?

If the regular deaths of flies are caused by natural circumstances, plant cultivation, aromatherapy, then there is no potential harm to human health.

However, in situations where the cause of insect deaths is toxic fumes from furniture, indoor surfaces, consumer electronics, and plastic windows, then in the medium term, residents of an apartment/private house develop various chronic diseases, syndromes and negative conditions caused by cumulative intoxication.

Where and how do mosquitoes winter?

It is known that female mosquitoes can live on average from 114 to 119 days, taking into account the fact that the conditions for their existence will be favorable, namely: the air temperature should be kept within 10-15 ° C. The higher the air temperature, the shorter the life of the mosquito. Male mosquitoes, regardless of external factors, live only about 19 days. It should be noted that female mosquitoes can live exactly as long as the warm season lasts.

But there are also types of mosquitoes that hibernate. Mosquitoes live in water in winter, which is where their life begins. In winter, mosquitoes live in other forms, in eggs, larvae and pupae. The female lays her eggs in reservoirs with stagnant water, where they develop further. From the moment of birth until the mosquito becomes an adult capable of flying, only nine to fourteen days pass. Adults spend their entire lives, namely summer and autumn, on land. Then all the male mosquitoes die, and the female mosquitoes (and not all of them) go to reservoirs to wait out the winter, and in the spring to lay eggs to give birth to a new life.

Survival in the cold

Insects are creatures that depend on the sun's heat. When cold weather sets in, they try to hide in cracks where they can spend the winter. The colder the winter, the fewer individuals will survive. Usually either larvae or pupae overwinter in the ground. For most flies the situation is similar. An adult insect rarely survives winter. The crude expression “they die like autumn flies” has a basis: dipterans die during cold weather. And not only from frost, but also from infection with mold.

The insect cannot sleep for the winter. It falls into a torpor, from which it can emerge even in the middle of winter. The sun's rays only need to heat it up. This explains the appearance of single individuals in apartments even in the middle of winter. But such a “winter” fly is doomed to die.

On a note!

In winter, large flies that are less sensitive to cold usually wake up.

Most species live in natural conditions and the main problem for people in apartments is caused by ordinary flies. They are either house or indoor. When considering the development cycles of flies, it is better to focus on this type of insect, since it is unlikely that anyone is interested in the distant and infertile tsetse or the hunchback bee living in the apiary.

Vinegar

10. Table vinegar can be an emergency remedy. After dissolving two or three tablespoons in a liter of water, you need to wipe the tables and window sills in the room.

The product also works outdoors. It helps a lot if you need to set the table outdoors.

Advantages:

• efficiency;
• safety for humans;
• ease of use.

Flaws:

• validity period is limited (2-3 hours);
• Vinegar has an unpleasant odor to humans.

The scabies mite in humans causes a disease called scabies, the symptoms of which are itching and scabies. The gadfly is an insect whose larvae develop in living flesh. Read a full description of this insect here.

If puppies become infected with lice eaters, they will eat very little and drink a lot. Read about other signs of infection here.

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Natural features of body structure

The first thing you might notice if you saw a cockroach is that its back is smooth. This is especially clearly visible if you examine the insect under a microscope. In other insects, the wings are more curved, or the head protrudes more than the abdomen. However, cockroaches have a head lower than their abdomen, which is why their wings are almost perfectly smooth. Therefore, when an insect falls on its back, it can rarely get up on its own. There are no points of support that would help the cockroaches push off and roll over.

Body structure of the domestic red cockroach

A similar phenomenon can be observed in firefighter beetles, which, when falling on their backs, also cannot rise. But there is a slight difference: firefighters' bodies are lighter and smaller in size, which is why frequent swinging of their legs helps them rise onto their backs. However, cockroaches are much larger and more massive than firefighters, and their bodies are heavier, which makes it almost impossible for them to lift their own weight without additional support. Of course, if it falls on its back, the insect may try to spread its wings and push off with them, but in this way it will more likely only push itself back onto the plane than fully allow it to stand on its feet.

Compared to a cockroach, the firefighter beetle easily turns over and gets to its feet

Morphologically related species

In terms of appearance (morphology) of the adult, Fannia scalaris is close to the described species. It differs from the small housefly in that the abdomen of males is ash-gray, without light translucent spots on the sides. In addition, the longitudinal median stripe and posterior margins of the tergites are black, the mesonotum is black, the median coxae have two thick, hook-shaped setae in the apical part. The middle tibiae of males have a trapezoidal large tubercle in the middle part, the middle tibiae of the male have a tuft of thick setae below.[2]

In addition to the species described, Fannia leucosticte is often found, also similar in appearance to the small housefly (Fannia canicularis).[2]

Preventive measures

The easiest way to kill fly larvae is to prevent them from breeding in basements and other rooms. This is much easier and simpler than subsequently actively fighting with adult individuals.

Prevention comes down to compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, which implies compliance with the following rules:

1. Keep your house clean. Garbage must be thrown away immediately and food stored in the refrigerator. Initially, ensure the proper design and maintenance of all garbage boxes, bins, containers and other sources that attract flies near the house. All tanks and other containers should be tightly closed, then the likelihood that you will have to wonder how to kill fly larvae is greatly reduced.
2. If food is stored in the cellar, check its quality regularly. Preservation, vegetables should not rot.
3. All rooms of the house must be free of cracks. There should be mosquito nets on ventilation openings and windows. The presence of nets on doors and windows will become a barrier for insects. Adhesive tape placed in the hallway will not be superfluous, as it is an excellent trap for those insects that want to enter the house.
4. The area around cesspools, as well as latrines at a distance of 1.5 meters, must be paved or concreted.
5. If there is a non-sewered toilet in the yard of the house, then it must be cleaned and disinfected daily with a 10% bleach solution.
6. In a house with sewerage, used portable containers must be installed on asphalt and concrete areas, and garbage must be removed daily.
7. Plant special plants around the house that will repel flies, for example, elderberry bushes and bird cherry bushes. Walnut trees and wormwood growing near the house are also excellent insect repellents. In an apartment, geranium in a pot will cope with the task.

If the problem of fly infestation has already appeared, then it is necessary to include active control methods using powerful chemicals in preventive measures.

When and under what conditions do cockroaches die?

Cockroaches are very tenacious animals. But, like all living organisms, they are mortal.

At what temperature do cockroaches die?

Without water and food

When exposed to light

They really do not like direct exposure to sunlight; this can reduce their lifespan by half.

Why do cockroaches die on their backs?

There are two main reasons why a dead cockroach ends up on its back:

A cockroach turned over on its back is far from a 100% guarantee of its death. And besides, cockroaches help each other turn over on their paws. The best thing is if you are purposefully engaged in the destruction of these parasites.

How long after sanitation do cockroaches die?

It depends on what means were used.

There are means by which cockroaches infect each other. Complete disappearance occurs in about 15 days.

How long can cockroaches stay underwater?

Cockroaches drown in water, cannot stay in it for long, and swim rather poorly. Since cockroaches are, after all, arid insects. Cockroaches can remain in water without air for about 6 minutes.

Well, cockroaches have almost no chance if you poison them and fight them.

This flying insect in a dream is identified with annoying, unpleasant people. The dream book predicts the receipt of bad news, interpreting what dead flies mean in dreams.

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Video material

All the measures that were discussed in the article are effective in combination. There is no point in fighting flies only with a flytrap or folk remedies if you have not destroyed the insect larvae, since this fight will be endless. Without preventive measures, any other methods will not bring the desired result, and only using all the methods of combating annoying insects in a complex will save you both from existing “neighbors” and prevent the appearance of new ones.

Solutions

Killing flies using a variety of solutions is also quite popular.

For example, mix formalin (1 tablespoon), sweet water (5 spoons) and milk (3 spoons). Pour the resulting poison for flies into saucers and place on the windowsills. Place a piece of fresh bread on each saucer to attract insects. Bread soaked in poison will cause the death of flies in just a few minutes.

Advantages: effective and cheap.

Flaws:

• the product is dangerous for pets and children;
• Frequent replacement of the solution is required - the milk turns sour and begins to smell unpleasant.

Control measures

Preventive actions

To prevent the appearance and spread of small houseflies, the following measures are used:

• Timely removal of household waste;
• Asphalting areas for garbage containers;
• Concreting floors and equipping drains for liquid sewage on poultry and livestock farms;
• Installation of equipment for flushing sewage with water;
• Screening windows in the warm season;
• Compliance with sanitary rules in food enterprises.[3]

Morphology

Imago. The fly is medium in size – 5-7 mm. Orbits and cheekbones covered with a silvery-white coating. The antennae are black. The mesonotum is covered with a brownish-gray coating, with three more or less distinct dark longitudinal stripes. Acrosticheal setae are arranged in two rows, with several small setae between them.

The legs are black, the knees of the fore legs are brownish-yellow, the hind tibiae have two anteroventral and two dorsal setae. The wings are transparent.[7]

Sexual dimorphism. Individuals of different sexes differ in the structure of their genital organs.

Male. The eyes are separated by a dark, narrow frontal stripe. The abdomen is black; on the second and third tergites there is a large lateral yellow translucent spot. The entire abdomen is covered with a yellowish-gray coating with a black longitudinal stripe. Middle tibiae with very short erect setae on the ventral side; hind tibiae with five anterior dorsal setae.

Female. The abdomen is yellowish at the base and side.[7]

The egg is cigar-shaped. The outer shell has a cellular sculpture. White color. Thin lamellar lobes are developed on the sides of the egg. The sizes depend little on the size of the fly. The fewer eggs a fly lays, the larger their size.[7]

The larva is worm-shaped with a pointed anterior end. Three molts occur. At the end of development, the body length is 7-8.5 mm, the width at the middle is 2-2.2 mm.

• First age. The spiracles on the anterior chest and oral hooks are absent. Posterior spiracles with one opening.
• Second age. Spiracles appear on the sides of the first thoracic segment. Posterior spiracles with two spiracular slits.
• Third age. The larva is brown, flat. There are thin, long projections on the sides and slightly short projections on the ventral and dorsal sides. The cuticle is dense, with a sharp structure. The fourth to seventh abdominal segments have six small tufts of setae arranged in a row, and two in the form of long columns. The cuticle of the abdominal segments has a finely scaly and finely tuberculate structure.[7]

The pupa (puparium) is the detached and hardened cuticle of the third instar larva. It contains a real fly pupa. The color is dark, the external structure of the puparia is similar to the third instar larva. Between the first and second abdominal segments there are pupal horns - the pupal thoracic spiracles.[7]

Habitat

Diptera have occupied almost all food niches in nature. Among them you can find insects that feed on:

• carrion (meat);
• nectar;
• decomposing organic matter (manure, compost and rotting fruit);
• blood.

But they all have one thing in common. Adult insects need liquid food, but maggots can live and feed only in a moist environment.

The adult lives without food for about 2 days in hot weather. When the temperature drops, metabolic processes slow down, and the insect is able to survive without food for several weeks.

flies

Interesting!

Maggots live longer due to accumulated nutrients. But this is the experience of fishermen who store larvae in the refrigerator. Under unfavorable circumstances, maggots pupate at an early stage of development. It is unlikely that such a pupa will turn into a full-fledged insect.