Personal history of the malaria mosquito: what it looks like, whether it lives in Russia, whether it bites or not, and much more

One of the most common and frightening stories in childhood was a horror story in which the main character was a malaria mosquito. According to this horror story, it was huge in size and bit painfully. Meeting him did not bode well. There was only one consolation - all the children knew that such monsters were found only in Africa and only bit the inhabitants there. They did not reach Russia, so there was nothing particularly to be afraid of. However, as we grew older, we learned that this insect thrives in the vast expanses of our homeland. Today we want to tell you in detail about this most dangerous representative of the mosquito genus, and at the same time we will answer the most important question - whether the malaria mosquito is dangerous for humans or not.

Let's not delay the answer - yes, it is very dangerous.
But in about 9 cases out of 10, you will not encounter this insect, but a very similar centipede. Do you want to know how to understand whether you are looking at a malaria mosquito or its double? We'll be happy to tell you. But first, let's talk about what kind of creature this is, how it reproduces, lives and what it loves. Get rid of mosquitoes in your country house
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In Latin, the name of the malaria mosquito sounds like Anopheles (anopheles) and is translated very offensively: harmful, useless, worthless. It is not surprising that these insects are angry with the whole world. These mosquitoes are capable of carrying about 10 types of malarial plasmodia, so the main danger that the bite of this insect promises is the likelihood of contracting malaria.

Malaria. Is she really that scary?

But what’s so scary about this very malaria? Just think, it will just itch a little and that’s all. Unfortunately, it's not that simple. Malaria or swamp fever is an infectious disease. It is very severe and is accompanied by chills, fever, changes in the size of the liver and spleen, as well as anemia. This disease is indeed most common in Africa and affects mainly children under 5 years of age.

Of the 500 million people who contracted malaria at the beginning of the 21st century, approximately 3 million died. The current vaccine shows effectiveness in the range of 31-56%. We especially note that the disease is very insidious and can return again and again even after complete recovery.

Interesting! It is malaria that is considered the main cause of the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century. True, not all at once, but only the Western Empire. Until recently, this was just a beautiful hypothesis. But not so long ago, scientists examined the remains of 58 people who lived at that time. In two samples, DNA fragments were found that clearly indicate that these Romans suffered from malaria and probably died from it. Moreover, we are talking about the most severe form of the disease, which is caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

Do you know what is the most offensive? The ancient Romans paid for their thirst for progress in this way. Outbreaks of the disease were directly related to the fact that in order to build new roads, they tried to drain the swamps. Apparently the mosquitoes didn't like it much.

Danger to life from human health

Scientists are studying the relationship between Plasmodium falciparum and a type of mosquito. To understand everything, it is necessary to study the diseases that spread. How accurately a person knows how dangerous malarial and other mosquitoes are will determine whether he or she will take the right actions.

Experts take special care to find out why malaria mosquitoes are dangerous and harmful. After all, they carry and spread not only malaria, but also other infectious diseases. Every year, people die from mosquito bites. At the same time, blood-sucking insects of the genus Anopheles carry tropical malaria, which develops quite quickly. From this it is clear why the malaria mosquito is dangerous.

Anopheles is also dangerous for humans because it transmits encephalitis and tropical fever through its proboscis. Sometimes an insect bite causes a disease associated with the penetration of threadworms into the human body. A person who is bitten may experience problems such as blocked blood vessels or lymph congestion. Those limbs into which the worms have entered rapidly increase in size. It is difficult to cope with such an infectious disease. To do this, you need to identify the virus or microbe that causes the infection.

Appearance of a malaria mosquito

We have prepared a short description of the Anopheles mosquito. Adults in the imago stage have a small head equipped with a proboscis, an elongated body and, most often, long legs. By the way, these are the legs that help you understand who is in front of you: an ordinary squeaker or a formidable anopheles. The average size of an insect is approximately 8-10 mm.

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In addition to the length of the legs, malaria mosquitoes differ from their ordinary counterparts in the length of the antennae located on the head. It is approximately equal to the length of its “sting,” while its brethren have much shorter antennae.

In addition to the antennae, the most important organ of the mosquito is located on the head - its mouth. It consists of a thin tube and two pairs of jaws. In a split second, the insect bites through the outer skin and begins to suck out the blood. It is noteworthy that only females have the ability to bite through the skin. Males do not have this ability. The explanation for this is very simple and it lies in what the malaria mosquito feeds on. Only females drink blood, but males feed exclusively on plant sap and pollen.

Another significant difference, from the point of view of scientists (but completely useless from the point of view of ordinary people), is that in Anopheles larvae the respiratory system is designed in such a way that it actually lacks a chitinous siphon.

In fact, this information is not so useless. Firstly, the absence of a breathing tube forces the larvae of the malaria mosquito to position itself strictly perpendicular to the surface of the water. And the larvae of the common mosquito are located, as a rule, at an angle. Thus, you can understand how quickly you need to destroy the mosquito farm.

Secondly, the hole through which Anopheles larvae breathe is closed by five blades, which open during breathing and close securely when the larva goes under water. The peculiarity of these blades is that they are not wetted by water, but are perfectly wetted by various lauricides, for example, kerosene. As a result, the larva's airways become clogged, causing its death.

Interesting! Like ordinary squeaks, Anopheles uses infrared radiation to detect prey. Therefore, they easily detect their prey in complete darkness. And as soon as they discover her, they fly to her. By the way, do you know how far such a hunter can cover? More than 50 kilometers, and its speed is approximately 3 km/h.

Reproduction of the malaria mosquito: stages and features of the process

The malaria mosquito is a dipteran insect with complete metamorphosis. The life cycle of a disease vector consists of four stages: egg laying and development, larva, pupa and adult (imago). How long an insect lives and how quickly it develops depends on external conditions. Let's look at each stage in more detail.

Characteristic features of malaria mosquito eggs:

• individuals float on the water surface without forming aggregations;
• have air chambers;
• the speed of development and the time of transition to the next stage completely depends on the temperature of the aquatic environment and the species;
• without water they dry out and die in a short period of time;
• the average duration of transformation of an egg into a larva at +27+30 °C is 48 hours, +10+12 °C – up to 8 days;
• Almost all types of malaria mosquitoes living in our country have oviparous diapause.

At the final stage of egg development, a larva is formed from it, which attaches to the surface water film and swims in a horizontal position for most of its life. If a solid object is encountered on the way (shore, stones, aquatic and coastal plants), it clings to it with hook-shaped hairs.

Other characteristic features of malaria mosquito larvae:

• react to external stimuli;
• breathe atmospheric air using tracheas;
• feed on microorganisms, small plants and plankton;
• the highest concentration of larvae is observed in areas of the reservoir with optimal temperature indicators;
• outside the aquatic environment, the larvae can remain viable for up to 7 days, provided there is high air humidity and the presence of a moist substrate;
• the species of the malaria mosquito larva determines the optimal value of water hardness and salinity;
• the average duration of transformation of a larva into a pupa at a favorable temperature does not exceed two weeks.

The feeding habits of the larvae are used to kill mosquitoes using insecticides. The lack of selectivity and absorption of any small particles makes it possible to prevent the spread of insects by treating water bodies with chemicals.

How to understand who is in front of you

Now that we've talked in detail about what a malaria mosquito looks like, it's time to talk about how to understand which mosquito species you're encountering. Here are a few signs that are more or less likely to help you become one of the best entomologists in the country:

1. The hind legs of the malaria mosquito are significantly longer than the front legs. And in ordinary mosquitoes, all legs are the same length.
2. An ordinary mosquito, sitting on a surface, places its body parallel to it. And the malarial one is at an angle. Its rear end is noticeably higher than its head.
3. Every bite is a holiday for anopheles. Therefore, before attacking the victim, it seems to dance in the air.
4. Wings of a malaria mosquito with a pattern. Most often these are dark brown spots.

In principle, these three signs are enough to understand what you are faced with.

Diet or why the malaria mosquito is dangerous

Blood is consumed only by female malaria mosquitoes. This must be taken into account when determining whether an insect bites or not. At the same time, large and adult individuals bite. As for the males, they only consume flower nectar. After mosquitoes carrying dangerous malaria are born, they find a mate and mate. A certain amount of protein is required to lay eggs. Therefore, females carrying the infection feed on human blood to obtain protein. Within 1–3 days after choosing a site and laying eggs, insects consume only nectar and juice. After this, breeding sites are again selected, and eggs are laid. Knowing what a female that bites a person eats makes it easier to prevent infection.

Where does Anopheles live?

Now let's talk about where the malaria mosquito lives. And it lives almost everywhere where it is at least a little warm and there is moisture. The exception is Antarctica, the Far North and desert areas. At the same time, there are approximately 440 species of them in the world.

A reasonable question arises: are there malaria mosquitoes in Russia? About 10 species are common in Russia and neighboring countries. The main habitat is the central part of Russia. About 5 species are found here. The climatic features of our country are such that the likelihood of a malaria outbreak is negligible, but this does not eliminate the danger, since the malaria mosquito carries not only the disease of the same name, but also a number of others.

Related articles: What diseases do mosquitoes carry?

Interesting! It is in Russia, in the remote taiga, that the most tenacious species of Anopheles lives. Apart from him, very few people live there. Can you imagine how bored he is there in the evenings?

Fortunately, the most persistent ones live with us. But the most dangerous ones live in far, far away Africa. Heat is not a problem for them if there is moisture. And there are a lot of swamps there. It is in them that females lay eggs, from which adult individuals emerge.

As soon as mosquitoes “take wing”, they fly across the continent in search of prey. Let us remind you that an adult mosquito is capable of covering a distance of more than 50 kilometers. This explains the fact that approximately 90% of all malaria cases in the world occur in African populations.

Tropical malaria is considered the most terrible form of this disease. If a person gets it, they have about a one in a thousand chance of surviving. The vaccine, as we have already written, exists, but it is not particularly effective and not all Africans have the opportunity to get vaccinated.

Like classic mosquitoes, malaria mosquitoes can carry the following common diseases:

• West Nile fever;
• dirofilariasis;
• tularemia;
• Zika fever.

In which regions is the malaria mosquito found in Russia?

Malaria in our country was almost completely eliminated in the 60s. The Russian Federation has ceased to be part of the distribution zone of this type of insect. After this, large-scale epidemics occurred in a number of regions in 1995, and imported cases of the disease were discovered in Russia between 2000 and 2010. Azerbaijan and Tajikistan became the point of spread of the infection. In addition, specialists periodically identify local (autochthonous) diseases.

Malaria regions

The maximum risk of the spread of malaria is typical for the southern regions of Russia, which border on countries included in the global habitat of insects.
But carriers of this disease are also found in other parts of the country: the European south, Volga region, Dagestan, Adygea, North-West, Central Russia. The territory of Russia is divided into four zones, which differ in the likelihood of malaria infection:

1. The first zone
   is an unstable risk of malaria transmission. These are regions where the average temperature exceeds +15°C for 1-2 months. During the year, 0-4 cases of transmission of infection are recorded.
2. The second zone
   is a low risk of malaria transmission. These are regions where the average temperature exceeds +15°C for 2-3 months. During the year, the maximum number of cases of malaria infection does not exceed five.
3. The third zone
   is a moderate risk of malaria transmission. These include regions where the average temperature exceeds +15°C for 3-4 months. The maximum number of transmission cases per season does not exceed seven.
4. The fourth zone
   is a persistent risk of malaria transmission. These include regions where the average temperature exceeds +15°C for 4-5 months. Transmission of the infection is possible for four months of the year. The maximum number of sporogony cycles is 11.

The study of malaria mosquitoes in order to protect the population from dangerous diseases involves analyzing the situation from different positions. For example, experts are assessing the possible impact of global warming on the distribution and lifestyle of blood-sucking dipterous insects. Scientists hypothesize that rising air temperatures will help expand the habitat of carriers of a dangerous infectious disease. That is, the malaria mosquito in Russia can increase its distribution area and shift the borders closer to the north.

What's for lunch today

We are used to the fact that only female mosquitoes drink blood, but the males are white and fluffy. In the sense that they do not hunt for our blood, but feed exclusively on the gifts of nature. The situation is exactly the same with malaria mosquitoes. Except for one small feature.

Anopheles females feed on blood only until fertilization occurs. As soon as this happens, they abandon the animal diet and begin, like her husband, to eat plant foods.

Malaria mosquito - where it lives, how to distinguish it, photo

In 1900, the Italian professor Grassi performed a remarkable experiment.
His laboratory was a whole village of twelve houses. The laboratory-village was located in an area that had a very bad reputation: there was “bad air”, in Italian - “malaria”, and almost all the inhabitants of this area were sick with “swamp fever” - malaria. There was another evil in this area - clouds of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes of some breeds sang their plaintive songs and stuck the small sharp needles of their proboscis both day and night, others chased their prey only at night. There was one such night singer there - larger and more elegant than his brothers, with a pair of dark spots on each wing. The Italians call it "zanzarone". Zanzaron sang, danced and hunted only from sunset to sunrise, and during the day he sat quietly in the shade of foliage or in the dark corners of buildings.

Grassi was a zoologist (albeit a doctor by training) and a great expert on mosquitoes. While collecting mosquitoes from different places, he noticed that mosquitoes and malaria are somehow related to each other, because there is never malaria where there are no mosquitoes, even though there are places where there are mosquitoes, but there is no malaria. He suggested that malaria was not associated with mosquitoes in general, but only with mosquitoes of a particular breed. Grassi had a suspicion that the night robber of Zanzarone was responsible for the spread of the disease.

But how to check the suspicion?

There were two ways. One is to force zanzarones taken from infected areas to bite healthy people and see if they get sick. Cruel experience! But there were volunteers who decided to undergo such an experiment. All experiments were a success: all those bitten fell ill.

The second way is to protect healthy people living in an infected area from zanzaron bites and see if they remain healthy. It was for this purpose that Grassi set up his massive experiment in a huge laboratory.

In the experimental village, fine mesh was nailed to all the windows so that mosquitoes could not fly through the windows, and the doors were tightly closed before sunset and did not swing open until the bright sun rose. All inhabitants had to be home before sunset and could not leave their houses until the morning.

The experience was a brilliant success. While almost universal malaria reigned in the neighboring village, which had a population of 450 people, no one got sick in the houses protected from Zanzaron.

Thus, it was proven that it is not “bad air”, but Zanzaron that spreads malaria.

However, the old observation about the connection of malaria with the damp air of swampy places was not incorrect! - it was only incomplete! Indeed: where it is damp, there are mosquitoes in general and in Zanzaron in particular. Water is a necessary condition for the life of a mosquito: both an adult winged one, because the mosquito feels good only with sufficient air humidity, and for developing eggs, larvae and pupae, because they themselves live in water.

From left to right: heads of a female and a male common, non-malarial mosquito | heads of a female and a male malaria mosquito Since it was proven what an enemy of man the night mosquito is - in Italian “zanzarone”, in Latin “anopheles”, and now in all languages ​​“malarial mosquito” - an intensive study of its conditions began life, habits, its internal structure and life inside the mosquito and inside the person of that parasite - malarial plasmodium, which the mosquito transfers when biting into the human blood. Plasmodium parasites cannot spread from mosquito to mosquito or from person to person; he must change his “masters” - live alternately in a person, then in a mosquito.

The wing of an ordinary, non-malaria mosquito (above) and the wing of a malaria mosquito (below)
Everyone needs to know the main thing about the life of a malaria mosquito, if only in order to be able to protect themselves from the possibility of getting malaria.
Our usual “culex” mosquito is annoying and disgusting; Its ringing squeak, its injections, and the itching that remains long after the injection are annoying, but it does not cause as much harm as anopheles, the malaria mosquito. It is not difficult to distinguish Anopheles from any other mosquito. Take a closer look at the picture where Anopheles and Culex are depicted side by side: they have different wings, and most importantly, a different manner of sitting.

The male and female anopheles differ greatly from each other not only in appearance, but also in their lifestyle and, above all, in their method of feeding.

Males feed exclusively on plant foods, plant sap, piercing the skin of a leaf with their proboscis or launching it into the tissue of a flower. This method of feeding does not require long flights, and males usually remain sitting near their places of departure, on the shore of their native body of water, on leaves or, more often, on flowers. Their favorite habitats are the white flowers of rowan, caraway, and yarrow. During the day they make short flights, but in the evening they become sedentary. Anopheles males do not touch animals or humans.

Females are a completely different matter.

They can also feed on plant juices; in an artificial environment, in laboratory cages, they are successfully fed with a sugar solution. But when feeding on plant foods, eggs cannot develop in the female - for this they need to feed on the blood of warm-blooded animals. The reproductive instinct drives the female away from her place of departure; the female flies in search of warm-blooded prey, often flying quite far, up to five kilometers.

On the left is a malaria mosquito, on the right is an ordinary mosquito

This is how mosquitoes sit: non-malarial (above) and malarial (below).
Females make flights only in the dark.
Bright light - solar or artificial, it doesn't matter - seems to paralyze them. Females find their prey by smell. Different mosquitoes have different tastes: some prefer human blood, others prefer cattle, others prefer small mammals, and others prefer birds. The malaria mosquito prefers the blood of cattle, and only when there is little of it, it attacks a person. He likes even less the blood of small mammals like a rabbit or hare.

If, on the way of a female malaria mosquito's flight to a human or livestock dwelling, she drinks blood, then, before reaching the village, she lands somewhere on the plants. Females that have not met prey on the road fly to the villages and fly into the first shelters they encounter. Here, on the outskirts, the main mass of blood-thirsty mosquitoes settles. If there are stalls in the path of a mosquito's flight, then almost all the mosquitoes settle here, and a person's home is more or less insured against unwanted visitors. On this basis, one of the measures to combat malaria is a village layout in which cowsheds are located along the path from the mosquito breeding site to their “feeding” site.

In one village, where stalls were located near houses, a count was made: what percentage of female malaria mosquitoes were in the stall at night and what percentage was in the house. If there were one or two animals in the stall, 65 percent of all mosquitoes were there; if there were four or six, that was already 83.3 percent. Thus, overnight livestock in the village reduces the possibility of human infection. Malaria does not occur in livestock because plasmodia die in their blood.

So, the mosquito attack on its prey occurs at night. If a mosquito does not meet prey during the night, it waits out the day somewhere in a shaded place so that at dusk it can begin its hunt again. A small part of mosquitoes begins to move even before sunset, but the bulk flies at the very moment of sunset and for the first time after it. As darkness falls, mosquitoes become less active and become active again shortly before sunrise. This means that Anopheles females are most active during twilight hours.

Light determines mosquito behavior. If at dusk a mosquito flies past an open, brightly lit window of a home, it will not fly into the room. As dusk approaches, but when there is still enough light, the darker spots of open windows attract mosquitoes; the same in the early mornings. If mosquitoes fly into a room at dusk, in which a bright fire is then lit, they try to crawl to darker places and remain motionless; but when the lamp is extinguished, they begin their flight and, guided by their sense of smell, look for their prey. It should be noted that mosquitoes never rise high and do not fly into the upper floors.

If a malaria mosquito manages to drink enough blood without interference, it draws so much of it into itself that it becomes more than twice as heavy. It becomes difficult for him to fly, and he remains somewhere on the wall or ceiling and sits motionless, even in the dark. But the mosquito quickly lightens its weight; This occurs due to the strong evaporation of water from the absorbed blood from the body. After four hours, the mosquito has already evaporated approximately half the weight of the ingested blood. This gives him the ability to quickly fly away in case of danger. However, unless absolutely necessary, a well-fed female does not move from her place, be it night or day, and remains motionless until all the blood she has absorbed is digested.

If digestion ends in bright light, the female remains motionless until dusk. At dusk, all females that have completed digestion fly to the windows and, if the window is closed, hit the glass.

Successive stages of a mosquito's proboscis piercing the skin

What makes the females, having digested their food completely, fly away from the room where they could fill their stomachs with warm blood again? They are driven by the instinct of reproduction, often stronger than hunger. In a female that has drunk blood, eggs are maturing simultaneously with digestion. A full portion of blood is enough for the development of about two hundred eggs. Development ends in this case simultaneously with the end of digestion. If the weather is too warm or too cold, the eggs do not have time to mature and the females remain indoors to once again fill their stomachs with blood. When the maturation of the eggs is completed, the female must lay them at a suitable temperature in the water - this is what forces the females to get out of their homes into the wild. When the eggs are laid, the females, if they do not die, begin their return journey to the stalls or beds of people.

Sometimes females leave the living quarters before the eggs mature; This happens when the air in the room is very dry. The body of a mosquito generally evaporates water very easily - the more easily the drier the air. Therefore, the drier the indoor air, the worse mosquitoes tolerate it and the fewer of them there are.

Places of greatest activity of malaria mosquitoes

How should a person who arrives in a malarial area behave? What behavior does his acquaintance with the life of an adult malaria mosquito dictate?

Make screens on the windows of such a frequency that mosquitoes do not get through.

Do not keep the windows and doors of the living room open on clear days from the beginning of sunset to the end of sunrise, and on cloudy days - around the clock.

Do not go outside at the same hours.

If it is not possible to keep the malarial mosquito out of the room, then keep the room brightly lit at night.

Do not sleep with people suffering from malaria.

When spending the night in the wild (during expeditions or hiking trips), sleep under a thick canopy.

Doctor of Biological Sciences N. Lipina “Young Naturalist” 1940 No. 07-08 (July-August)

How does infection occur?

Let's go back to a time when the female is young, beautiful and full of hope. It is during this period of her life that she poses the greatest danger.

Interesting! We completely forgot to talk about how long the malaria mosquito lives. And this is very important. So, its maximum lifespan is approximately 1-1.5 months. But in reality, few mosquitoes in Russia live to such a ripe old age. Most often they live for one or two weeks.

But why is mosquito lifespan important? Plasmodium, which lives in the bodies of females infected by them, is unable to survive the winter. They die. Therefore, the new mosquitoes that begin to appear in the spring do not carry malaria. In order to start spreading it again, they need to become infected with it.

To do this, they need to find an animal or person whose body contains a source of infection. Then you need to drink his blood and wait a little. One, or better yet, two weeks. This is exactly how long it takes for plasmoids to settle in the body of a new host and begin to reproduce there.

This is where the lifespan of anopheles becomes a deciding factor. Plasmoids simply do not have time to develop sufficiently, since their carrier dies. This fact is related to the fact that there are almost no outbreaks of malaria in Russia. It seems to exist, but noble mosquitoes take it with them to the grave, preventing it from spreading.

Answers to the scanword of the day from Odnoklassniki number 21887

21886 21888

• in the photo from 8 letters: ROWAN
• Chicago Bulls 3-letter league: NBA
• in the photo with 4 letters: OFFICE
• 4 letter marsupial rat: TAFA
• The old name of the Tu aircraft consists of 3 letters: ANT
• Car service from 3 letters: STO
• Liquid spell with 4 letters: TOAST
• Cards on which Faust read fortunes using 4 letters: TAROT
• Alexey Nilov as captain from 5 letters: LARIN
• Plum variety with 5 letters: IKAKO
• Who hunts mice in the house? 3 letter: CAT
• Line in a triangle in 7 letter geometry: MEDIAN
• The last word of polonium in the 5-letter table: ASTAT
• Communications specialist with 6 letters: RADIST
• in the photo there are 5 letters: KRIL
• River flowing into Balkhash from 3 letters: OR
• Table linen from 8 letters: TABLECLOTH
• Indian equivalent of Sahara with 3 letters: TAR
• Gypsy female name with 4 letters: RADA
• Adam for all of us from 7 letters: FOREFather
• Municipality in Spain with 3 letters: ESA
• Ivorian footballer with 6 letters: TRAORE
• Enthusiasm, passion from 5 letters: EXCITATION
• What can satisfy your hunger? 3 letter: FOOD
• River in the Kolyma region made of 3 letters: OLA
• 4 letter Peters: EKAB
• 3 letter mochi grain: RICE
• Nervous twitching of the eyelid with 3 letters: TIC
• Stirlitz - true... from 5 letters: ARIAN
• “Cold” brother hawk from 3 letters: SIP
• in the photo from 7 letters: CLEMATOUS
• Young namesake Anikeya from 5 letters: ANIKA
• Jewelry stone of 6 letters: OLIVINE
• Irish separatists from 3 letters: IRA
• Type of diode from 7 letters: VARICAPE
• Half-opening in the wall of 4 letters: NICHE
• Small bug with 5 letters: MURASH

comments, questions and answers to the crossword puzzle of the day:

Rowanberry [1] m. Thickets of mountain ash.

Rowanberry [2] m. Bird of the thrush family.

ANT m. see anty.

STO [1] cf. decomposition 1. An indefinitely large set of someone or something.

STO [2] numbers. 1. The name of a number consisting of 100 units. 2. Such a number of units of smb.

TOAST [1] m. A short table speech with a wish for something. and an offer to drink wine for doing this.

TOAST [2] m. Toasted or dried thin slice of bread.

CAT m. 1. Male cat. 2. transfer up-down Lustful man.

MEDIAN w. 1. A straight line drawn from the vertex of a triangle to the middle of the opposite side (in geometry). 2. A value located in the middle of a series of values ​​arranged in ascending or descending order (in statistics).

ASTAT m. A chemical element from the halogen group, its properties reminiscent of the non-metallic iodine and the metal polonium.

RADIST m. 1. The one who services the receiving and transmitting radio station. 2. Someone who deals with radio engineering.

Krill m. The commercial name for some species of planktonic sea crustaceans used as food.

TABLECLOTH [1] g. 1. A piece of specially made fabric or knitted product that is used to cover the table. 2. transfer A flat, smooth surface of something.

TABLECLOTH [2] g. 1. The upper surface of underground groundwater.

RADA w. local A swampy area overgrown with small pine forest.

FOREFather m. The ancestor from whom something begins. genus; ancestor.

EXCITATION m. Excitement caused by passion for something.

FOOD w. 1. Action according to value. verb: there is. 2. decomposition Same as: food.

RICE m. 1. A cereal growing in warm climates, the grains of which are a valuable food crop, and the straw is used as an ornamental material. 2. Peeled oblong grains of such a plant as a food product.

TIC [1] m. 1. A nervous disease manifested in involuntary twitching of the muscles of the face, neck, and arms.

TIC [2] m. 1. Thick cotton or linen fabric used for upholstery of mattresses and for sewing covers.

TIC [3] m. 1. Large tree of the verbena family with durable wood. 2. Wood from such a tree.

ARIAN m. see Aryans.

SIP [1] m. decom. Same as: hissing.

SIP [2] m. Large bird of prey with brown plumage and white down on the head and neck, living in high mountain areas.

Clematis m. Perennial herbaceous or shrubby climbing plant of the Ranunculaceae family.

OLIVINE m. Magnesium and iron silicate; semi-precious stone of greenish color of different shades.

NISHA w. 1. A recess in the wall for placing something in it. (statues, vases, home furnishings, etc.). 2. A ledge in the slope of a mountain, bank, ditch, trench, trench, etc.

MURASH m. up-down. Same as: ant.

Symptoms of bites

Among all the symptoms of malaria mosquito bites, fever is distinguished. It occurs even if a small number of parasites enter the human body. Medical scientists distinguish four forms of malaria:

• Three days. This disease lasts for 1–3 years. In this case, the symptoms periodically recur and intensify. Therefore, it is necessary to find out in advance what if you are bitten by a malaria mosquito and what will happen if you do not act.
• Oval. Its duration reaches 3 weeks. But there have been cases where malaria developed within 3 years. The main attacks occur in the evening.
• Four days. In this case, attacks occur every 2 days.
• Tropical. The duration of the disease is 6–12 months. To understand whether this type of disease is dangerous, you need to study the statistics. After all, city residents also encountered it.

Each form has its own characteristics. There are three periods of the disease:

1. Latent. The disease manifests itself most acutely. A person has a headache, fever and chills. There are also more serious manifestations.
2. Second. The main symptoms include elevated body temperature, cramps and rapid pulse. Gradually the temperature decreases, and sweat is released more abundantly. Convulsions provoke disruptions in the functioning of all organs. The number of such attacks can reach 10–15 times. After this, the symptoms become less obvious.
3. Relapse.

Since the disease takes such a long period, specialists can identify it. They know what the bite of a malarial and blood-sucking mosquito looks like. This information is also available online. Images and photographs are available online and in specialized literature. If you are bitten by blood-sucking pests and develop a fever, then you need the help of specialists. And every person needs to know what to do if bitten by a malaria mosquito.