Feeding bees in spring: protein, stimulating, incentive: recipes and proportions

Despite the fact that bees are independent insects, sometimes, under the influence of external conditions, difficult times come in their lives. Then the help of a beekeeper is required, which consists of timely preparation and feeding of bees, in the absence or shortage of natural food sources. If this is not done on time, then the bee colony without food may throw the brood out of the nest cells or simply die.

In modern beekeeping, there are several types of food for bees. Each fertilizer has its own advantages and is used taking into account seasonality. The lack of feed is replenished with mineral compounds, carbohydrates, proteins, combined or biologically active substances. Bees feed most often in spring, summer and autumn.

Why feed bees in early spring

We give protein food to bees in the spring because the hatching of offspring begins on the first warm day. And the offspring need:

1. proteins to build a strong body;
2. water, since the bee body consists of 75% of it;
3. nurses who will transfer all the useful substances;
4. constant temperature (34-35o), which is provided by working bees.

If one of these factors is lacking, young animals run the risk of growing up weak and defective. Therefore, in the spring, bees are fed well, so that they themselves have strength, and so that through them all the nutrients are passed on to their offspring. If the hive has a supply of honey (or better yet, honey with beebread) of more than 10 kg, they do not need additional food. But if there is no honey, the insects will not survive without your care. And if it’s also cold, in a month you won’t find a single living individual in the hive (but you’ll collect a lot of dead stuff. So-so consolation.)

Colonies that have weakened over the winter should have at least 5 kg of honey.

Syrup

When insects do not have enough of their own reserves, it is necessary to use additional feed. This occurs in the summer in bad rainy or windy weather or when there is no normal level of bribe. In this case, bees without food first begin to get sick, and then the whole family can die out. To prevent this, you can use one of the old methods, which is to use sugar supplements, specifically syrups.

Here's how you can prepare and then properly feed bees with these ingredients:

• Sugar and water in equal proportions are taken to prepare food in the case where there is no bribe at all.
• 1.5 kg of granulated sugar and 1 liter of water when autumn comes and it is necessary to prepare the bees for the winter.
• 1 part water and 2 parts sugar - when adding food late. This option will help insects survive a long winter or during a long cold spring.
• To improve nutritional quality, you can add a small amount of honey.

Here's when you need this kind of feeding:

• When it is necessary to replace low-quality honey in order for the apiary to overwinter successfully.
• When there is not enough honey in the hive in the spring until natural food appears in nature.
• If there are few flowering plants, but it is necessary to stimulate the cultivation of young plants.
• If last season there was a foulbrood disease in the apiary, then such food will become a preventive measure.
• Overwintering of bees exclusively on saccharine can be allowed, as this makes raising offspring difficult.

What and when to feed

The bees are fed during the spring inspection - the main inspection after wintering. Depending on the type (liquid, thick, doughy, solid) and the composition of the food (pollen and nectar, medicine, cobalt, invert), it is given repeatedly:

1. daily;
2. in 2-3 days;
3. In 2 weeks;
4. monthly.

You can stop spring feeding as soon as something blooms. Insects are much more willing to collect nectar from flowers, and they no longer need human handouts.

There are 2 fundamentally different types of food - carbohydrate and protein. Both come in liquid form (syrups), dough-like (candi, sugar, sugar-honey, protein) or solid (caramel, pure sugar).

Important! Dough mixtures for feeding bees should mature for a day at room temperature. Ripe ones are more viscous to the touch and remain on the fingers when crushed.

Protein feeding is good only if there is no natural pollen. In order not to waste a good product, feed in small portions (75-100 g per street).

On carbohydrate feeding alone, colonies can live for a long time, but they cannot fully raise brood (they need protein), secrete wax, build honeycombs, process a lot of nectar, etc. Carbohydrate feeding is used so that the bees survive until honey plants bloom. In addition, they allow you to stimulate more brood (if there is enough other food) and activate flight bees. If you add medications to the fertilizer, you can treat or prevent diseases.

Important! Sucrose from sugar is 2.5 times more difficult to process than sucrose from nectar. To make the sugar supplement better absorbed, add vinegar (0.02% of the total mass).

However, sugar has advantages over natural food in terms of absorption. There is less than 1% of undigested residues from sugar syrup, whereas:

• from herbal honey – 2.5%;
• from pollen in its pure form – 25% (due to cellulose);
• from fresh bee bread - 21% (better than pollen, since it is put into a cell, partially digested).

Note: Frozen bee bread is digested better, since pollen shells burst when frozen, and bees require less energy to process food enzymes.

This is why bees overwinter on honey, and only get to the frames with beebread in the spring, when it is time to raise brood and there is an opportunity to fly around, and not accumulate leftovers in the body.

Cobalt

But when you want to increase the number of young bees, it is advisable to feed your apiary with cobalt chloride, which can be purchased in specialized stores in the form of tablets. It helps stimulate the immune system, saturates it with vitamin B12 and achieves the greatest effectiveness if the dosage is observed:

• Prepare sugar syrup in an amount of 1 liter.
• Add crushed cobalt chloride weighing 2 mg to the common container.
• It is important to understand that when the dosage is reduced, the therapeutic effect disappears.

This method is used before the first flight, in March or April, depending on climatic conditions in a particular season. They are laid using the intra-hive method according to the 3 through 3 scheme.

You can perform this manipulation again in August.

Types of liquid food for bees

Liquid fertilizers come in different consistencies:

Thick and medium feeding - to replenish feed supplies. As a rule, this is sugar syrup (1 to 1 or thicker) or honey dissolved in a water bath, mixed with beebread.

Liquid – to increase brood. Usually this is 30% syrup or a solution of honey (1 liter of honey per half liter of water), give it 200-300 g per day.

There is a list of sugary drinks that should never be given to bees:

1. glucose in its pure form (for this food to be digested, you need to add at least a third of the amount of sugar);
2. starch syrup (kills bees even in its most liquid state);
3. juices: fruit, vegetable and even tree juices like birch or maple (contain a lot of acids and minerals, so they are unsuitable for bees);
4. soft drinks (for similar reasons for juices).

Note: bees cannot tolerate alcohol, so a minke whale that drowns in a glass of liqueur is clearly a wasp.

When giving sweet feeding, in order to avoid theft, do not spill the food, and especially do not pour out the remains of the feeding near the hive. You will attract unnecessary attention from wasps, ants and other troubles.

Oil

Also, if you want to improve the health of your apiary, you can use this recipe with sunflower oil:

• Liquid honey – 1 kg.
• Powdered sugar – 4 kg.
• Sunflower oil – 1 tbsp.
• Medicine Nozemat in the quantity recommended on the package.

All components are thoroughly mixed by hand until a homogeneous mass is obtained and laid out on a clean sheet in the hive. Can be used in any summer month - June, July, August.

Protein feeding of bees in spring

Protein is critical for growing bee offspring. The main natural source of protein is pollen. Bees can feed their offspring without it using the reserves of their body, but not longer than 2 weeks - the load is too high.

Percentage of protein in the bee body:

1. on sugar syrup – 34%;
2. on honey-beebread mixture – 52%.

In the spring, you can feed the bees with both natural (use bee bread and pollen) and artificial protein-containing mixtures. In the second case, you need to know the features of protein feeding and its effect on the bees’ body.

Egg

Sometimes an egg-pollen dough is used to feed a bee colony:

• Dry pollen – 1 kg.
• Honey with beebread – 0.5 l.
• Chicken eggs – 10 pieces.
• Powdered sugar – 3 kg.

Prepare as follows:

• The yolks are ground with powder.
• The whites are whipped.
• The honey is boiled and cooled.

Everything gets mixed up. You can add a small amount of liquid vitamins or Fumagillin.

The thickness of the dough should not spread out of the feeder at a temperature of about 35°C.

This food is introduced in May or another spring month, when:

• The family needs to add extra strength.
• Provide protein supplementation.
• Add vitamins.
• Get rid of diseases.

Feeding bees with beebread

The ideal way to feed beebread is in frames (preferably filled with honey and sealed). Such frames should be stocked during the period of active pollen collection, when the loss can be easily replenished. It is more difficult to store bee bread than honey. From humidity, beebread becomes moldy and spoils; from dryness, it dries out and turns into lumps; from freezing, it loses its nutritional qualities. Ideally, bee bread should be stored in a closed box (for example, an empty beehive), in a cool but dry room. The optimal temperature for storing bee bread is 1-8o (so that wax moths do not start).

Note: if the bee bread is not useful to the bees, you can eat it yourself. It is rich in iron and contains easily digestible natural vitamins and amino acids (this is not a joke, beebread is really very useful for humans)

Canned bee bread also retains all its nutritional properties and can be stored for several years. To prepare it you need:

1. scrape the honeycomb down to beebread (with a knife);
2. cut the rest into strips;
3. mince;
4. pour honey into glass jars;
5. roll into a jar with a lid.

Feeding time

When exactly it is necessary to feed bees, each beekeeper decides independently, based on the weather, climate, terrain and flowering of honey plants. It is important to determine what kind of honey you should get. Let's look at the example below.

To obtain linden honey during the flowering period of this plant, it is important to grow as large a family as possible. To do this, you need to know when the linden tree will bloom (it’s different in each region). For example, flowering occurs at the end of June-beginning of July. Complementary feeding should be started approximately 85 days in advance. This is the period during which wintered bees change and new offspring are hatched, ready to fly around.

Feeding bees in spring with bee bread substitute

If you don’t have bee bread on hand, you can use special protein dough. To be considered a bee bread substitute, the food must contain:

1. from 15-20% protein;
2. 1-8% fat;
3. 2-3% minerals;
4. 1-5% starch;
5. no more than 5% fiber.

Tip: The effectiveness of the beebread substitute increases if you add 10-15% pollen to the mixture (in addition, this adds vitamins and minerals).

The most successful protein options in order of decreasing nutritional value:

The best substitutes for bee bread are brewer's yeast and cow's milk. However, yeast protein is deposited in the bee’s body for its own nutrition, and milk protein is used to feed the larvae (for comparison, bee bread protein is applicable for both processes), so in the spring it is better to knead protein dough with milk.

Recipes for feeding bees using bee bread substitutes

The following dressing recipes have different consistencies:

1. Recipe for feeding with milk and syrup : Mix 2 kg of sugar per 1 liter of water, Add 1 liter of milk while stirring. Give at night in small portions (250-400 g).
2. Recipe for feeding with milk and honey : Mix dry milk with honey to a dough-like mass.
3. Recipe for feeding with sugar syrup and yeast : Liquid sugar syrup 1 to 1, + 100 g of fresh baker's yeast, ground in a mortar with syrup, Add to the total mass, Bring to a boil.
4. Recipe for feeding from whey, honey and powdered sugar : 15% albumin curd (from whey); 15% liquid honey, 70% powdered sugar.
5. Feeding recipe with egg and sugar syrup : beat eggs, pour into syrup of desired thickness, apply to honeycombs or pour into feeder.

Feeding bees in winter, spring and autumn - 40 questions and answers

A necessary measure for the development of bee colonies in the absence of nectar and pollen - feeding bees is mandatory for any apiary, but not all beekeepers know how to do it. You can understand the technology for preparing additional food for bees by getting acquainted with the answers to questions about this matter.

How much food does a bee colony consume per year?

The family's annual feed consumption is 100 kg. About 30 kg of honey collectors are consumed during flights, and the rest of the supply: 20 kg of pollen and 50 kg of honey is used for nutrition inside the hive.

How to feed bees with sugar syrup in the fall?

According to the method of V. A. Ulanovsky, the transfer of bees from honey to sugar is carried out quickly, feeding them 3-5 liters of syrup per day for 3-5 days (the best time is from August 20 to 31). Only many beekeepers do not use this scheme and introduce feeding in small portions: 700 g or 1 liter per day, but for a whole month. If the bees of medium-sized families receive food gradually, they will be able to process it well.

There are two methods of autumn feeding: syrup is fed once in large quantities or feeding is carried out in small portions. What's the difference between these schemes?

There is no fundamental difference between families on a single feeding and those who received syrup little by little but often. In hives where food was supplied repeatedly, brood appeared more actively, but the composition of honey from both families was the same in the presence of the enzyme diastase, sucrose and water.

What kind of water should you use to cook syrup for autumn feeding of bee colonies: collected from a well or rainwater?

Rainwater is used to make sugar syrup. The well contains salts that are harmful to bees.

How much honey-sugar dough is needed to feed bees in the spring?

There are no clear restrictions on the amount of carbohydrate feeding, since it retains its qualities for a long time. In spring, honey collectors need energy, and sweet food will help them replenish it. The recommended portion of honey-sugar dough for a hive is from 500 grams to 1 kg.

How is sugar-honey dough prepared?

To make a sugar-honey top dressing, you need to pour 6 kg of granulated sugar or powder into a deep bowl, pour 1.5 liters of honey into it. Stir the mixture until smooth. The finished dough should not stick to your hands.

What do you need to make sugar fudge?

The fudge recipe is simple. 1 liter of water is poured into an enameled or tin-coated container and heated. Add 2 kg of granulated sugar to the hot liquid, bring it to a boil, stirring continuously. Afterwards, the syrup is boiled for 20 minutes. The readiness of the fudge will be checked using a proven method. You need to immerse a spoon in it, take it out, and then immediately lower it into cold water. The cooked mixture will easily be removed from a spoon and will be soft, dense, but quite plastic. Add 600 g of honey to the cooked fudge and continue to simmer for about 3 minutes. Upon completion of cooking, it is cooled and stirred until it acquires a dough-like structure. The prepared fertilizer is stored in plastic bags or wired boxes, covered with cellophane film on top. Later it is divided into flat cakes weighing 1-1.5 kg, wrapped in gauze or cellophane with small holes. The sweet treat is left under the canvas (substrate) on the frame of the hive. A new portion of food is added every month.

How to make syrup to train bee colonies to collect nectar from red clover?

Sugar is used to make syrup with a concentration of 50%. When it cools, add clover flowers, cleared of stems and leaves. The flower-sugar liquid is infused for one night, and in the morning, before the honey collectors fly out of the hive, 0.5 cups per family are poured into feeders. Latvian beekeepers use a different method. They collect pollen from clover, which differs from other plants in its brown tint, using pollen traps and mix it with the syrup in an amount of 10-15 g per 1 liter. First, the powder is dissolved in a small amount of liquid, and later the mixture is diluted to the required proportion. The fertilizer ferments quickly, so it is served immediately after preparation.

How to prepare artificial winter food for bees?

The method of preparing winter food, close to the natural honey reserves of the hive, was invented by I. A. Melnichuk (1971). It includes three stages. The first is the ripening of the sugar mixture, which is activated by the enzymes of flower honey. To do this, prepare a solution of 72% sugar, 20% softened water, 8% natural honey. Granulated sugar is added twice, and the interval between adding the first and second portions should be at least 24 hours. The prepared liquid is poured into baths or cans and stored at 36-40 0C for 4 days, stirring 2-3 times a day. During this time, the sucrose precipitate decomposes, which is why its concentration in the syrup increases. When its content reaches 80-81%, the fertilizing is ready, but it must be left for another day so that undissolved sugar crystals settle to the bottom. This sediment will be useful for creating a new batch of feed. The second stage is placing syrup inside the honeycomb. The frames with new honeycombs are disinfected, turned over so that the lower tier is on top, and installed in a vacuum chamber parallel to each other. With this method, only the upper cells are filled with syrup, and the lower ones are left empty so that the bees can gather inside them to retain heat (these places are called a winter club). At the final stage, the cells are closed with wax. It is placed in a metal container equipped with a sprayer and heated (required temperature 130-140 0C). The wax is then sprayed onto the surface of the honeycomb, sealing it. These wax caps are 10-15% denser than those created by the bees themselves.

Is there an easy sugar candy recipe for bees?

The candy is made from syrup formed by mixing sugar and water in a ratio of 1:5 (0.5 liters of liquid will require 2.5 liters of granulated sugar). Bring the mixture to a boil over low heat and cook for 30 minutes. without stopping stirring. When cooking, it is recommended to add citric acid at the rate of 2 g per 1 kg of sugar. When the candy mass begins to stretch into thin threads, when dripping from a spoon, pour it onto a deep baking sheet lined with parchment or moistened with cold water. The frozen candy is cut into pieces and left for the bees.

How is protein bee food prepared?

The protein supplement is made according to the following recipe: 1 kg of dried pollen is moistened with 150 ml of water, adding 200 g of honey to it, and ground. The resulting mixture is stirred with powdered sugar (proportion 1:2) until dough-like. 200-300 g of food is placed on the frame of the hive, covering it with a substrate. New portions of food are added as the bees consume it.

What products are most effective for replacing bee bread?

Bee bread has no analogues. It is an essential source of protein for bees. With sufficient quantity, the family produces brood up to 11 bees per 1 thousand. Receiving dry milk, the family will raise 8 working bees, and eating protein paste - 6. When converting the hive to yeast and fresh milk, the brood will be even smaller.

What components does Gaidak’s protein supplement include?

This is a food substitute for bee bread made from 3 ingredients: soy flour, free of fat, skimmed milk powder, baker's or brewer's yeast. Beekeepers often add 15-20% flower pollen (pollen) to the Gaidak mixture. This feeding is effective, but imperfect. Using it, families produce 65% of the brood, and when feeding on beebread - 100%.

There is a well-known French recipe for spring feeding, which increases honey yield up to 2-3 times. It is prepared from sugar, honey, water, yeast, egg yolk, and ammonia. Is this supplement safe?

Bee nutrition that combines carbohydrate and protein ingredients is impractical. Bees consume these products separately, but scientist A.K. Rokhla (1989) discovered that mixing 1.5 g of pollen to 1 liter of syrup increases their vital resources.

What is polysine?

A stimulating supplement of 10 essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins and sorbitol, polysine is used in cases of pollen deficiency, bad weather conditions, weakened colonies due to disease or a small number of flying bees. The product is combined with sugar syrup in equal proportions, glacial acetic acid is added (5-7 drops) and given to bee colonies every other day, 0.5-1 liter, 3-4 times a day.

Is polyamine used as a protein supplement?

Yes. The drug polyamine consists of sorbitol and 13 amino acids. They are mixed in equal parts, diluted in syrup, and then fed to the bees with this composition, dispensed in the same way as polysine.

What are the properties of frozen bee bread? Is it suitable for bees?

Frozen bee bread is a highly digestible supplement. When it is consumed fresh, bees accumulate up to 24% of indigestible substances, and if it is frozen, the amount of these components decreases to 15.5%. The only drawback of frozen bee bread is that it contains fewer useful elements. In a bee colony that uses it, the appearance of brood slows down.

Due to low honey yield, the bee colony will have to be fed sugar all winter. Will she survive until spring?

Employees of the Beekeeping Institute conducted experiments on wintering bees on sugar. Scientists selected 3 groups of families. The feeders of the first ones were filled with honey. The second were fed 14-16 kg of sugar in the fall, and the third received 6-8 kg of it. Insects fed with granulated sugar had less feces, and their nests were less contaminated with liquid droppings than colonies fed with honey. In the spring, the second and third groups lagged behind the first in terms of the number of broods, but with the advent of nectar they gained strength. By July their productivity was equal. Groups of bees left with honey for the winter collected 52.9 kg of new crop, the second - 49.2 kg, and the result of the third was 50 kg.

Is glucose suitable for bees as a feed in spring or autumn?

Glucose takes up 30-35% of all carbohydrates in honey. It is suitable for feeding in spring and summer, but it cannot be distributed to bee colonies in the fall. Glucose honey crystallizes quickly. In winter, bees will not be able to feed on it.

Is molasses used as a fertilizer?

No. Bees should not eat molasses.

Is unrefined (lump) or contaminated sugar harmful to bees?

Granulated sugar that has not been purified or contains clay, dust, or sand is not dangerous for bees. They can be harmed by soggy, burnt sugar or sugar that contains borax or salt.

Is it worth feeding a bee colony with a vitamin solution made from rosehip syrup and pine needle decoction?

All the vitamins that bees need are found in beebread. If there is a pollen deficiency and the bee colony cannot prepare the main food, the addition of pine needles and rose hips will not solve the problem.

When feeding bees in spring or autumn, beekeepers mix fruit juices into the syrup. Is this acceptable?

Adding fruit juice to syrup does not affect the productivity of the hive. If a bee colony spends the winter with a supply of this food, its condition will worsen by spring.

How to feed bees with fermented honey? Isn't he dangerous for them?

Slightly sour honey is suitable for feeding bees in spring, but it must be boiled.

Due to storage in a galvanized tank, honey changed taste, smell and color. Can it be used to feed a bee colony?

No, this honey contains toxic compounds.

At the beginning of the spring season, the beekeeper placed a plate of mustard powder near the hives. After 60 minutes, the bees flew up to her. Do they need a supplement of mustard or red pepper?

Before pollen appears, bees collect dry foods: flour, mustard, ground red pepper, but these feedings are ineffective. If flour is used for raising brood, then pepper and mustard are not suitable for this. You can support bees in the spring with last year's supplies of bee bread or its substitutes.

Is yeast used for winter feeding?

Preparing bee food for the winter with the addition of yeast is dangerous. Such products quickly deteriorate and can cause various diseases in the bee colony.

Flakes have appeared in sugar syrup that has been stored for a long time. What contributes to their formation? How to prevent this?

The flakes that appear inside the syrup and the change in its structure to a jelly-like state are caused by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi). This product is not suitable for feeding. You can prevent the formation of flakes by adding 1 g of citric acid to the syrup obtained from 1 liter of water and a kilogram of sugar.

How to dissolve candied heather honey. Where to place honeycombs with it to use as spring feeding?

Honeycombs with crystallized honey must be heated, leaving them at a temperature of +25 0C. At the second stage, you should print the cells and moisten them with warm water. In the evening, move the frame to the hive, leaving it near the center of the nest (brood part). After 1-2 days, repeat wetting. When the bees take the honey, the frame can be used for other purposes.

Acetic essence added to sugar feeding provoked an attack by bees. What to replace it with?

Acetic acid is added in a small dosage - 0.2 ml per 1 kg of granulated sugar, then the bees will not smell it. Experiments prove that it is most effective for strengthening the health of the bee colony. There is no need to replace it with other acids. Theft in an apiary often occurs due to non-compliance with security measures.

Families did not collect enough honey over the summer. Feeding with syrup continued until the second half of October. Why didn't the queen bee resume laying eggs? By spring the families had weakened.

The slowdown in life processes in bees with the arrival of winter is inherent at the biological level. Sweet food could not activate brood laying. By spring, the family was weakened due to the fact that the insects that appeared in July or August had exhausted their vital resources by processing the syrup.

Why do foraging bees actively fly towards manure fertilizer?

Bee flights to manure are caused by a deficiency of salt or vitamin B12. To stop this, you need to use a mineral supplement - cobalt chloride. The drug is available in the form of tablets weighing 1 g, consisting of 960 ml of sodium chloride and 40 mg of cobalt chloride, which dissolve in water or syrup. The recommended dosage is 0.5 tablets per liter of liquid. Cobalt can be replaced with 500 mg of sea salt.

Why does a bee colony remove brood from its nests?

Families get rid of brood due to a lack of protein food or its death from cold or disease - European foulbrood. When the honey flow is complete, the bees can throw drone larvae out of the hive.

Does the viability of bees depend on the design of the feeder or its location? What feeders are suitable for the hive?

Feeders are installed in an insulated place so that the bees can take food in any weather. The most suitable designs for an apiary are the following types: “can”, “frame”, ceiling feeder made of wood. If feeding is carried out using the correct technology, the placement of food containers and their design do not affect the life activity of bee colonies.

Is it permissible to install galvanized iron feeders in an apiary?

You should not install feeders made of zinc-coated iron. If there are no replacement options, you need to pour melted wax on their inner surface. The most durable feeders are made of wood, aluminum, tin and dishes made of enamel or glass.

When the frame feeder is filled with syrup, the bees fly up to the stream, drowning in it, or gather under the lid and die. How to keep them safe?

You need to cut two holes on the lid of the feeder. Cover the first one, measuring 20x40 mm, with a grid with cells with a diameter of 3.5x3.5 mm. Through it, the beekeeper will be able to monitor the filling level of the container. The second hole is equipped with a rotating bolt attached to the nail. Syrup is poured into this groove, closing it after filling. To ensure the safety of the bees, you can equip the food container with a partition adjacent to the lid and ending 2-3 mm from the bottom. A raft is placed inside the first part of the feeder attached to the nest. This compartment is used for feeding the inhabitants of the hive, and the second, which has become inaccessible to them, is equipped with an easily removable hatch. You can pour syrup through it without fear for the life of the bees.

Is a foam raft suitable for an over-frame feeder?

Yes, but if it is not thicker than 5 mm.

Is it possible to use a wooden barrel or a galvanized tank as a drinking bowl in an apiary, equipping it with a float with holes for water to flow in?

A drinking bowl of this design is convenient for bees, but is not recommended for use according to sanitary standards. If an infection appears inside the hive, it will quickly spread throughout the apiary through the water. It is more rational to equip a drinking bowl with running water. It is done like this: a board with a pre-cut zigzag line is placed in an inclined position against the tap near the barrel. The water is released in a slow stream so that it flows down the cut-out recess. During the descent, the water will have time to warm up to the temperature the bees need.

How much table salt should be added to bees' water?

According to recent studies, the salt concentration in water should not exceed 0.07%. It is recommended to equip two drinking containers in the apiary, filling one with fresh water and the other with salted water. A more productive watering method was introduced by beekeeper I. D. Lysov. He installs 4 drinking bowls near the hives with salted, acidified, fresh water, as well as water with dissolved cobalt chloride (0.05% concentration).

Why does one family actively visit the drinking bowl (20-30 bees arrive), and the second - equal in strength - practically does not take water (4-5 individuals approach it from the hive)?

Bees need water to maintain optimal temperature inside the hive and raise brood.
Two equal bee colonies do not require the same amount of water. The frequency of their approach to drinkers is influenced by the number of cells with open brood, the diameter of the entrance, the location of the hive and its color, since dark shades heat up faster than light shades. December 25, 2022, 19:05 16370

Feeding from flour and soybeans for bees

When there is not enough pollen in nature, bees go hungry for flour - they raid barns, warehouses and bakeries. In laboratories they found that soybean and cottonseed flour have the best nutritional properties (rye flour has the worst nutritional properties). However, brood does not grow on flour alone, and bees cannot digest starch, but on a special flour mixture (for example, soy), an average of 7,000 new bees grow for every 400 g.

The ratios of ingredients and methods of supplying this fertilizer are different:

1. 75% soy flour + 25% pollen, mixed with sugar syrup to a dough-like mass;
2. 70% cotton flour + 30% pollen - pour into honeycombs, pour sugar syrup, let it brew for a day and set it for the bees, sprinkled with honey;

In terms of digestibility, flour is worse than bee bread - 50% of indigestible residues. To help the bees digest, you need to preheat the flour (frying is not necessary) so that the shells of the starch grains are partially destroyed, and then the digestive enzymes will do their job.

One of our readers, Victor, in the comments gave his point of view on the topic of heating flour, and it is quite logical. In short, when flour is heated, the shells of starch grains are indeed destroyed, but the temperature of their destruction is much higher than the temperature of protein destruction. Therefore, heating the flour, and even more so frying it, leads to the fact that such bee food becomes simply useless, since it no longer contains the necessary proteins.

It is good to mask the taste and smell of soy flour with yeast. To do this you need:

1. Boil baker's yeast in sugar syrup, 15% bee bread, 70% soy flour;
2. Stir soy flour (70%) and bee bread (15%) into the cooled solution until a thick dough forms;
3. the norm is 400-500 g per family.

Yeast is also contained in soy mixtures for bees:

1. Czechoslovakian “Soyapin” (90% soy flour, brewer’s yeast, heteroauxin).
2. American "Gaydaka" (30% soy flour, 10% milk powder, 10% brewer's yeast, 5% egg yolk, 5% casein - milk protein).

Garlic

Garlic is used for preventive purposes. For this option, you must first prepare syrup from the aromatic plant. It is done as follows:

• Chop 2 heads of garlic.
• Fill with 1 liter of water and infuse.
• And then take only 2 tablespoons of this garlic infusion into 1 liter of sugar syrup.

This garlic feeding is actually a treatment for the bee colony. It can be performed almost all year round - the first one is done in early spring before the first flight, and ends in December.

Spring feeding with sugar syrup

Sugar syrup is an excellent energy carbohydrate feed for bees. Fast carbohydrate acts on them almost like on humans, increasing activity: flying individuals are more willing to collect bribes, nurses feed their babies more diligently, and the queen lays more eggs. Whatever the consistency of the syrup, it is important to follow simple rules for its preparation:

1. Boil in a clean, non-oxidizing container.
2. Avoid burning to prevent the formation of substances harmful to bees!
3. To make it easier for bees to process, you can add 0.2 g of acetic acid per 1 kilogram of sugar.
4. Bees absorb the 60% solution best.
5. Take the highest quality and purest sugar that is available on the farm (beet or cane).
6. Beware of smears - they can contain substances that are very harmful to bees.

Procedure for preparing syrup

1. Boil water.
2. Slowly add sugar, stirring continuously.
3. Do not boil again!
4. Cool to 40-45o - and into the hives.

Advice: There is no need to give sugar syrup in large portions to weak bee colonies. If they don't master it in time, it may ferment.

In addition to the usual sugar-water-vinegar syrup, there are recipes for bee feeding with milk. Sugar-milk mixtures increase brood in weak colonies, since milk is a protein. The two most popular recipes for sugar-milk mixture:

1. Add 5% milk to the cooled syrup of 70% sugar and 25% water immediately before serving.
2. Heat 1 liter of milk and 1 kg of sugar to 60°, give 300-400 g daily.

More detailed information on how to prepare sugar syrup and how to feed it to bees

What drugs can be added to complementary foods?

We will separately consider the question of what drugs can be added to complementary foods, at what temperature bees can be fed in the spring, and what causes diseases in the family.

After winter, the hive needs to be disinfected, or better yet, replaced with a new one. Be sure to check the offspring for diseases, which often occur due to high humidity and lack of food.

The main diseases of bees include:

• Varroatosis. It is formed due to mites that settle on the bees themselves and feed on their lymph. Infection quickly spreads throughout the hive, which can lead to the death of the family. Veterinarians use the antibiotic "Apifin" for treatment. And also red pepper, the recipe for which is very simple: ground or capsicum is diluted with water (8 g per liter). Infected female workers are sprayed with this solution;
• Salmonellosis. A disease of the digestive system of bees caused by helminths. Indicative signs of the disease are frequent insect bowel movements and a swollen abdomen. Treat with “Streptomycin” and “Tetracycline”, adding them to complementary foods;
• Nosema is detected by the condition of the hive walls. With this disease, the honey plant defecates on the floor with liquid stool of a constant nature. It is contagious because it is formed by single-celled organisms. The disease is treated with Furmaggelin, adding it to complementary foods.

On a note! To prevent diseases in working women, crushed garlic is added to the complementary foods (separately on the substrate). One slice is enough. It will act as an air disinfectant.

Next, we’ll look at what and how to feed families.

How to feed bees correctly

to distribute sweet, sticky food :

• in the evening, so that there is no theft in the apiary;
• in warm weather, because fed bees begin to fly vigorously, and bees that fly out in bad weather risk not returning back.

How to give liquid fertilizer:

• in external feeders (so as not to go inside the hive);
• in the rear feeders (the most reliable against theft);
• in the upper feeders (then the syrup is warm all the time);
• in plastic bags with food (hungry bees chew through them very well);
• in cans (of various sizes and materials);
• in a honeycomb (it’s convenient to pour from a teapot with a long spout).

I repeat - be especially careful with liquid fertilizers. Do not spill them near the hive, otherwise more active neighbors will steal all the supplies from the weakened family.

Why do you need to feed bees?

The main task of the beekeeper in the spring is to create all the conditions for the queen to lay as many eggs as possible. She needs increased nutrition. The onset of spring is a dangerous period: when bees fly out for nectar, they may die due to frost. To avoid this, they need to be fed additionally.

Another significant benefit of spring feeding is the prevention of possible bee diseases, for example, nosematosis: medicinal preparations can be given along with the food.

Sugar protein dough as an analogue to syrup

Yes, it looks like pie dough.
But this is definitely not it. If you don’t want to bother with liquid fertilizers, you can make the dough with the addition of powdered sugar. The most effective protein components (in descending order of absorption):

• Pollen,
• Protein hydrolysates (for example casein hydrolysate - milk protein),
• Yeast,
• Cow's milk,
• Soybean and cottonseed flour.

All dry ingredients must be finely ground (according to GOST - 0.2 mm).

Recipe

1. Mix liquid ingredients
2. Add protein (10-15%),
3. Stir in powdered sugar to desired consistency.

Place the evenly rolled pancake on the frame.

Tip: pre-cooking the protein components improves their digestibility (and vinegar helps digest sugar).

Honey

It is mandatory to feed the bee colony with honey. Moreover, use only high-quality products to maintain health.

At the same time, if you are printing a frame with old, crystallized honey, you must first soak it with warm water. Only after this can you transfer it to the nest.

It is dangerous to use a fermented product. Moreover, it is also dangerous to bring it to a certain consistency or state by boiling. This should not be done under any circumstances.

It is also necessary to take into account that after wintering in the expanded nest, unprintable honey may liquefy. It must be taken out and given to strong families, otherwise, in the near future, it will begin to ferment.

If the beekeeper detects a lack of nutrition, then you can give them dried honey. But before that, it must be brought to a consistency by diluting it in a 1:1 ratio with water and bringing to a boil so that all the crystals dissolve. Then everything develops along the feeders.

Jelly recipe for bees

Such supplements can also be prepared in the form of jelly (proven effect + 60% to brood). For this you will need:

1. 10 kg of pollen with sugar (1:2);
2. 8 liters of heated water;
3. 120 g of gelatin or agar-agar, diluted in a liter container.

How to prepare fertilizer

1. heat the gelling component;
2. add it to the water-pollen-sugar mixture;
3. pour 2 cm into baking trays;
4. leave to set overnight;
5. cut into pieces of 200-300 g;
6. lay out exactly the same way as flatbreads, directly onto the frames.

When feeding is not needed

This is what bee brood looks like.
The honey bee’s “winter” lifestyle is verified by a thousand-year period of development and evolution. With the onset of frost, insects gather in a club. The time from November to February, under favorable conditions, can be called a “deaf” period. Honey plants hardly move. Feed is consumed in small quantities. During this quiet time, bees do not need care.

The second period begins with the appearance of the brood. Insects are becoming more active. A lot of energy is spent on maintaining the desired temperature in the brood zone and caring for the offspring. Feed consumption increases.

Experienced beekeepers advise not to disturb the colony until early March. There is no need to feed insects if high-quality food is left for the winter in sufficient quantities. If in doubt, you can check and evaluate the reserves.

Premature feeding leads to unpleasant consequences:

• premature family arousal;
• increased darkening of the uterus;
• insect digestive disorder.

Feeding bees with pollen

Since bees eat pollen, you can also feed them pollen.

How to collect pollen

• Dry tree catkins (for example hazel),
• Shake off flowers in the morning, dropping them into the necessary containers (you can even use corn),
• Collect pollen using pollen traps on the hives,
• Remove from bee bread frames and grind into dust.

How to give pollen to bees

Pour into empty cells to a third of the depth and sprinkle with 25-30% sugar syrup. Place the filled part towards the brood.

A honey-pollen mixture (1 to 1) is more effective than pure pollen, since insects attack honey more actively. The instinct is to put honey into cells, but they cannot put honey and pollen together, so all that remains is to eat. As a result we get:

• 2 times more brood.
• 3.5 times more wax.
• There are 5 times more queens in colonies of nurse bees.

Every 200 g of honey-beebread mixture is best diluted with 100 g of salted water (1%).

How to give the mixture to bees

• Spread it on the honeycomb with a knife, like butter on a sandwich.
• In special feeders.
• In flat cakes on a frame (at least 1 layer of gauze) 200-300 g per day.

Organization of feedings

The main problem at the stage of feeding families is the choice of the type of food. Important points to consider:

• time (wintering month);
• the state of the bees (weak - strong colony);
• climate region;
• conditions (underground omshanik, street);
• what can bees eat in winter;
• features of feeding on the street;
• optimal consistency of fertilizing, etc.

The mixture must have the correct consistency and be suitable in composition. Liquid food quickly begins to ferment. Too hard - it will crystallize. The food product must be convenient to take, easy to digest, and nutritious.

In some cases, it is necessary to insulate the feeders. This is done so that the prepared syrups do not quickly lose temperature and do not harden. The feed rate is calculated in advance.

Feeding bees with honey in spring

The most ideal food for bees is honey stored in the fall and sealed in frames.

But even these must be given with understanding:

• in early spring - full-copper honeycombs (dark);
• during the period of nest expansion - low-copper (light);
• The bees will drag the printed honey (even in the outer combs of the hive) to the center, closer to the brood.

Tip: Warm up the frames (within reason) before feeding the honey to the bees.

Honey feeding must be done very carefully to avoid theft.

You can also give honey in other types - for example, in a shriveled state:

• heat to dissolve the crystals in a water bath, otherwise it readily burns at the first opportunity;
• You can speed up dissolution by adding half a glass of water per kg of honey
• stir continuously;
• serve warm.

Feeding bees at the end of winter

In different apiaries, bees are fed during this period in order to prevent the loss of families from lack of food, to prevent and treat various bee diseases, and also to accelerate the growth of families. Now it is believed that this is what determines the results of future honey collection (all other things being equal). If there is sufficient food supply for the bees in the winter, it is advisable to start feeding them when the bee colonies emerge from winter dormancy. This comes with the awakening of nature, when every day the sun rises higher and higher, when plants awaken, when the day lengthens and becomes warmer. The bees sense this and begin to raise brood: the period of intra-club rearing begins. If before this, colonies, as a rule, spend a small amount of food reserves, then when raising brood, the bees are forced to raise the temperature in the nest to 34-35 C, and therefore food costs increase significantly. In families, the reproductive instinct awakens, which is caused by natural factors, and this is normal.

How to give honey correctly

• in a special feeder;
• in glass jars (volume – half a liter, liter);
• in earthenware;
• pouring (clean!) honeycombs into the cells is a method only for apiaries where there are no diseases, otherwise the infection with the food will quickly spread to all the bees.

How to pour honey for bees

• Place in a basin, trough or other suitable container;
• First fill the honeycomb on one side, then on the other;
• Hold vertically to allow the syrup to drain;
• Place in the hive.

How to give honey in jars

• pour to the top;
• cover with canvas in several layers;
• tie with a rope:
• turn over and observe: If it drips quickly, you need to add another layer of canvas, otherwise the bees will be flooded, they will stick together and die. If it leaks out a little bit, that’s what you need!
• place on frames in the middle of the hive.

How to properly install honey frames for feeding bees

It would seem that it would be easier to give the bees honey in a frame? But when it comes down to it, you will doubt it. And the rules are simple:

• pre-warm the frame;
• pull out the empty one (without honey and brood);
• Place the new one on the southern wall of the hive.

When placing frames, make sure that their number corresponds to the strength of the family. Bees must cover the streets completely, otherwise the outer ones will be poorly heated and the brood on them will die.

• if the frame is full of printed honey, it is better to place it on the edge;
• If there are empty cells in the frame that are suitable for brood, it is better to place it closer to the center, to the existing brood.

If the bees do not yet have their own bribe, you can print out honey in small portions in the existing frames - this will increase the number of brood.

For Ruth hives with Langstroth frames, food extensions, also stored in advance, are well suited.

Feeding from bags

You can make a feeder from plastic bags. The main advantage of this feeder is that it is hygienic. If you use packaging bags, you can reduce the number of diseases that are transmitted through the feeder.

Particular attention should be paid to the thickness of the packages. The best option is thin bags that allow the smell to penetrate through micropores. Thus, the bees will happily absorb the food. Bees pierce the bag with their sting, so the beekeeper should not do this himself.

The process of making a disposable feeder:

• take a plastic bucket, place an empty bag in it;
• Pour the prepared feeding solution into the opened bag;
• tie it tightly;
• open the hive and remove the insulation;
• carefully and smoothly place the bag feeder on the appropriate frames;
• close the hive, return the insulation.

After a few days, the bees will begin to feed from the feeder. If the structure does not arouse their interest, it is recommended to add natural honey to the solution. If you are a beginner beekeeper then read more about bee feeders.

Honey satiation recipe

Any experienced beekeeper always has his own special recipes for anything and everything, including honey satiety. All the necessary ingredients are water and honey, but there are some cooking features that we will tell you about. For example, in the spring, bees should not be given a lot of water; accordingly, we add more honey to the honey mixture and make it thicker. Some additionally add various herbs and spices, even pieces of finely chopped lard.

Honey satiation is an incentive feeding to increase the brood (the queen begins to lay more eggs), which is why it is given mainly in the spring. It is best 4-5 weeks before swarming begins.

Consistencies used:

• thick – 4 to 1 – for feed;
• medium - 1 to 1 - incentive feeding or a means to sprinkle the uterus when joining families;
• liquid – 1 to 2.

Interesting fact : in ancient times, in Russia, honey wine was made from food. At that time it was (according to the degree of dilution with water) one and a half, double, triple and quadruple. So I went to feed the bees, and at the same time, a mug for myself. Everything is natural. Useful.

Honeycomb

Honeycombs can be used to add this type of feeding to feed them. It has maximum benefits, as it is close to natural beekeeping products. With its help, you can increase the size of the family, stimulate egg laying in the uterus, increase the level of immunity, and increase the population.

Experienced beekeepers also mix a variety of medicines into the feed to combat diseases.

Sita can be performed in different concentrations, depending on the main purpose of the appointment:

• The middle one is made for incentive feeding. This is how the uterus increases egg production.
• Dense is able to replenish food reserves. Most often used as an early spring plant.
• Liquid is used to unite layerings into one family.

The prepared mixture can be used on ceiling feeders or poured into honeycombs. Also suitable for feeding in spring, summer and early autumn.

Among the main components are full:

• Liquid honey
• Candied product.
• Ground honey with the exception of wax residues.
• Plant roots.
• Remains of dried ants.
• Salo.
• Cloves for scent.
• Pepper.

Feeding Kandy bees

Kandy is the same dough-like honey mass, only instead of whole sugar and syrup, powdered sugar is used (the finer the better, in a good way - no larger than 0.2 mm). As a top dressing it is even better than honey:

• it is not placed in cells, but is immediately used to feed the brood;
• the activity of bees does not increase, so you can give it in bad weather, and even in winter;
• Can be prepared ahead of time and stored (in an airtight container).

According to GOST (more precisely, TU 10 of the RSFSR 339-88), the composition of candy is:

• 26% honey (ripe, liquefied in a water bath)
• 73.8% powdered sugar (you can grind sugar in a coffee grinder)
• 0.18% water
• 0.02% acetic acid

Cooking Kandy

• mix everything until completely homogeneous;
• package into flat cakes 800 g - 1 kg;
• wrap in gauze or bandage, maybe in a plastic bag (so it doesn’t dry out, but poke holes so the bees can get there!);
• place directly on top of the frames.

If there is no honey, but there is invert sugar (glucose and fructose syrup), the ratio is as follows:

• 70% powdered sugar,
• 29.8% invert syrup,
• 0.1% drinking water,
• 0.03% acetic acid.

For more detailed information about the varieties of Kandy for bees, the beneficial properties of this fertilizer and how to give it to bees, read the article Kandy: recipes and proportions.

Features of different fertilizers

Sugar syrup

As mentioned above, preparing sugar syrup will not be difficult even for a novice beekeeper. However, in this matter, as in all beekeeping, there are some nuances. The classic recipe for feeding syrup is to dilute sugar in boiling water in equal proportions. But be careful, the portions and thickness of the syrup vary depending on weather conditions.

A sharp cold snap or strong wind have a detrimental effect on bees, so on such days the thickness of the syrup is increased and the thick fertilizing is less likely to provoke bees to fly. Thick syrup should be given to bees only in cases of serious need.

Important!

Feed that is too liquid is also not very good because it takes a lot of energy to process. If you abuse liquid syrup, the family can become very weak or even die. Here it is worth sticking to the golden mean.

If you add honey to the syrup, then such feeding will be much more productive and healthier than regular syrup. Honey makes sugar easier to process into glucose. A large amount of honey is not required for this feeding. Usually, no more than forty grams of honey per kilogram of sugar is taken.

It is strictly forbidden to give spoiled syrup to bees. Burnt, fermented or one that has been stored for a long time. Therefore, feed should be prepared only in the amount that the bees are able to eat in one meal. It is also not recommended to give cooled syrup. Bees do not eat this kind of food well and for better consumption it will have to be constantly heated.

Sugar syrup is easy to make and relatively cheap. However, in some cases, it is not able to fully solve the problem of restoring the strength of the bee family. In such cases, alternative options can be used. For example, protein dough. Sugar protein dough as an analogue to syrup

– this is one of the best options for quickly restoring bees weakened in winter.

Preparing this type of feed is not particularly difficult. The same sugar syrup is used as the basis. It is prepared by mixing one part sugar with two parts water. Additional ingredients are added to the prepared and cooled syrup in the following proportions:

• Dry brewer's yeast - one part;
• Powdered milk - one part;
• Soy flour - three parts.

To achieve the maximum effect from such feeding, it is recommended to introduce pollen into its composition in a ratio of fifteen percent of the total mass of the feeding.

Yeast feeding

If you need to increase the brood, then you can use another interesting alternative to simple sugar syrup. It involves feeding the bees with yeast. Yeast contains a lot of useful substances and vitamins, including easily processed protein.

The preparation of such feed consists of preparing sugar syrup at the rate of one part water and one part sugar. Taking one liter of the resulting syrup, 250 grams of yeast are introduced into it.

For this purpose, fresh baker's yeast or dry brewer's yeast is used. Brewer's yeast is sold in the form of tablets and one liter of syrup will require twenty-four tablets. If you use dry baker's yeast, you will need four times less than fresh yeast. Before use, they must be filled with warm sweet water and left for a day in a warm place.

After introducing the yeast into the syrup, the mass is thoroughly stirred and ground, after which another four liters of syrup are added. Boil the resulting volume over low heat for several minutes. As a result, we get a five percent yeast supplement. It has a very significant effect on increasing the number of offspring.

Honey is full

Speaking about different types of sugar syrups, we should not forget about this type of feeding as honey satiation. This is, of course, not exactly sugar syrup; more precisely, it is honey syrup. Honey, like sugar, is diluted with water and given to the bees. Some beekeepers consider this method to be economically unprofitable. Meanwhile, it is worth considering that honey contains all the microelements and vitamins necessary for bees. To this we add the excellent digestibility of this supplement and the composition being as close as possible to flower nectar.

Using food helps strengthen the bees' immune system and stimulate vital processes in the body. If there is a need to quickly increase the size of a bee colony and increase the productivity of oviposition, satiety is an excellent solution. When you are full, just like in sugar syrup, you can add the necessary additives, including medications.

Depending on its concentration, honey satiety has different effects and is used in appropriate cases. In order for bees from different families to quickly get used to each other, they are sprayed with a well-fed liquid. You can stimulate the reproduction and emergence of bees by using medium-consistency bees. Thick syta is used directly as feed.

When preparing syta from candied honey, it must be dissolved in a water bath. After this, you can add water in the required proportions. Regarding the proportions of water and water for satiety, three main recipes can be given:

• Thick, full - four parts honey, one part water;
• Liquid satiety - one part honey, two parts water;
• Average full - one to one.

The average bee colony can eat from a liter to a full liter and a half at a time. Satiety is usually achieved using ceiling feeders. Rafts are installed in them to make it convenient for the bees to perch. In addition to ceiling feeders, all traditional means of dispensing feed are also used.

Recipe for feeding bees with pine needles

Such an exotic component as needles can also be useful in beekeeping. It contains a large amount of vitamins and essential oils. By itself, pine extract is not a ready-made fertilizer. This is only an additive with a powerful bactericidal effect, which can be used in the preparation of sugar syrup, kandi or the same honey syrup.

What else is useful for feeding bees with pine extract:

• activates egg laying;
• enriches the bees' body with vitamins;
• protects against ticks.

If you want to prepare a pine infusion with your own hands, do it as follows:

1. Grind 1 kg of pine needles.
2. Boil in 5 liters of water.
3. Leave for 8 hours, wrapped in a blanket.
4. Meanwhile, prepare thick sugar syrup (1 liter of water and 1.2 kg of sugar).
5. Pour 200 ml of strained bitter green infusion into the syrup.
6. Feed every two days for 10 days.

You can buy pine extract. The finished product should be added to the feed in a ratio of 1 g per 1 liter.

Pine extract

Such compositions help provide the bee colony with the necessary vitamins, providing timely support and maintaining the health of the apiary. Coniferous extracts and formulations have a similar effect as ginseng root.

Prepare such food for the family as follows:

• Pine needles (can be replaced with spruce needles) - in the volume of a half-liter jar.
• Sugar syrup – 3 l.
• Prepared water – 0.7 l.
• The needles are ground using a blender or meat grinder. Then it must be poured with boiling water and left for at least 2 hours.
• After aging, remove the green mass and stir with sugar syrup.
• What happened during decanting can not be thrown away, but the compositions can be re-prepared. After all, ascorbic acid will be present in the required quantity in the cake.

Stimulating scarring of the uterus with drugs containing cobalt

Scarring is an obsolete name for the laying of eggs by a queen. To stimulate the growth of brood, you can give the bee colony feed mixtures with cobalt chloride or cobalt sulfate in early spring, while there is still no good bait.

Note: hypocobaltosis, or cobalt deficiency, is a rather harmful and fatal disease that affects many animals and insects, even cattle. And all because cobalt is an important element of cobalamin, otherwise known as vitamin B12, necessary for metabolism. The soils of the upper Volga, as well as the Urals (South and Middle) are especially poor in cobalt.

To achieve an increase in offspring of 20-30%, the concentration should be 8 mg of cobalt per liter. A more saturated solution has the opposite effect - an overdose and a strong decrease in egg production.

How to use

1. Turn the cobalt chloride tablet into powder;
2. Mix cobalt chloride powder with 2 liters of sugar syrup or honey syrup.
3. Give every 2 days until bribes start (but no more than 3 weeks).

Adding medicinal drugs to feed

Other stimulating additives and even medicinal drugs are used in a similar way - through food (not just by smoking). Medicines are added to:

• syrups;
• kandi.

The general norm is 100-200 g per street. The frequency of feeding depends on the drug and the threat to the health of the bees. In addition to very highly specialized drugs (for example, tetracycline antibiotics), more well-known, natural ones are also added to bee feeding:

• salicylic acid;
• ascorbic acid;
• mint essential oil;
• catnip essential oil;
• essential oil of budra ivy;
• dill oil, etc.

That's it. We hope this article answers all your questions regarding spring feeding of bees. But if anything, ask questions in the comments, we will try to find answers.

Feeding after flight

Also check out these articles

• Percheron horse breed
• How to store carrots in the cellar in winter: 5 best ways
• Tkemali sauce
• Garlic Lyubasha

Feeding bees in the spring after flying around is aimed at strengthening the strength of insects, stimulating their performance and activity. After the bees have made their first flight, their condition can be determined. If there are doubts about their health, it is worth adding medications to the feeding to improve their health.

The timing of such feeding directly depends on the climate. As soon as the temperature rises to +10...+15 degrees, when the bees can fly out of the hive, you can begin to closely monitor them. Feeding is done when it becomes clear how the insects feel and whether they need medication.

What is the best food

It is difficult to say unequivocally which type of cooked food is more suitable for the wintering period. The choice depends on the beekeeper and the goal he is pursuing.

1. Feeding as a result of lack of quality supplies.
2. Vitamin support for a weakened family.
3. Prevention of certain diseases.
4. Removal of queens.
5. Prevention of early scarring of the uterus.
6. Family support before the first flight.
7. Other.

With the help of kandi

The recipe for sugar and honey dough is simple. Add 8 kg of powdered sugar and 100 ml of water to 1.9 kg of honey heated to a liquid state (no more than 500). Kandy is one of the popular types of food. Its use is justified in several cases:

• lack of winter supplies;
• support for insects is necessary during the transition period (“dough” does not accelerate the life of honey plants and does not cause concern);
• prevention of various diseases (medicines are added during the mixing process).

Kandy has a thick consistency, so it is convenient to place it on top of frames. Pieces of “dough” are formed into flat cakes. Each of them should weigh no more than one kilogram and be at least two centimeters in thickness. An ordinary plastic bag with slots will prevent drying out. The flatbreads can also be wrapped in gauze.

Sugar syrup for wintering

By the end of wintering, the bee club sometimes finds itself out of stock. There are times when honey crystallizes. The family begins to starve. In this situation, using sugar syrup is a good solution. It can cause diarrhea in insects, but will not allow them to die of hunger.

Winter nectar is prepared from 1 liter of water per 1.5 kg of sugar. Feeding bees with sugar syrup in winter is carried out in several ways:

1. Spare low-copper frames are heated in a warm room. One frame contains about two kilograms of syrup. Enough for his family for 3-4 weeks.
2. Homemade “nectar” does not need to be placed in the center of the nest. It can be poured into side and top feeders. The syrup crystallizes quite quickly, so it is replaced with fresh one. Bees do not take frozen syrup from feeders.
3. The finished food can be placed in a jar. It is placed at the bottom of the nest and wrapped in a quilted jacket.

Important!

Experienced beekeepers do not recommend giving syrup at the end of winter. Homemade nectar is not suitable as food before the cleansing flight. It is best to use solid types.

Feeding with sugar syrup is ideal for August - September. At this time, the nests are collected for the winter. If the opportunity to provide high-quality honey from the summer harvest for the winter is limited, then this method allows you to replenish reserves.

In August, when there is no last bribe, liquid nectar is prepared in a 1:1 ratio. Give it every day no more than 200 grams. It is at this time that the use of sugar feed is justified. There is brood in the hive and it is advisable that the old bees are engaged in processing the food. They fill the honeycombs, maintain the necessary humidity, and feed the brood.

The old insects are already exhausted from their flights and will only survive until the first cold weather. This will give young insects the opportunity to gain strength, survive the winter well, and not wear out during fattening.

Professionals advise using sugar syrup if:

• the family did not collect supplies for the winter;
• honey prepared for feed is of low quality, crystallizes or contains honeydew;
• there is a real threat of family hunger;
• to prevent mite infestation (coniferous extract 2 grams per 1 liter is perfectly diluted in the solution).

Important!

To avoid protein deficiency, high-quality honey is mixed into the syrup.

Method of preparation: Heat water and add sugar. After the crystals are completely dissolved, the mixture is cooled to 400. Honey is added.

Honey for feeding

The ideal winter food option is, of course, honey. It is the staple food of honey bees. Contains all the substances, vitamins and minerals necessary for insects. The reserves made from the first bribe are the optimal food for the family. Product varieties that have been harvested from white acacia, sweet clover, and meadow grass have good storage properties. They do not crystallize and are suitable for long-term storage. Honey taken from plants such as:

• white mustard;
• rapeseed;
• rapeseed;
• fruits, berries;
• taken in dry hot weather.

Feed is taken at an average rate of 15 kg per family. The candied product is dissolved in a water bath before use.

Perga as a top dressing

Food based on honey and bee bread is best used at the end of winter. The ingredients are taken in equal quantities. The mixture is rolled out into flat cakes. The advantages of this type of feeding:

• prevention of protein starvation;
• the composition is ideal for feeding brood;
• promotes normal wax production;
• contains natural substances, vitamins, minerals.

Sugar candies

This type of feeding is used when there is a shortage of honey supplies. The preparation method is simple:

In an enamel bowl, boil water and sugar until thick. The products are taken in a ratio of 1 to 5. You can add a little citric acid and the resulting syrup will acquire additional viscousness. The frames are covered with paper. The finished sweet mass is laid out on them. After hardening, they are placed in nests.

Important!

It must be remembered that with prolonged use of sugar candies, bees develop protein deficiency. Sugar is not honey and does not contain essential vitamins and minerals. Honey is added only to the cooled mass before pouring. When boiled, it loses its beneficial qualities.

Bee bread substitute

Until now, scientists have not been able to recreate a single beekeeping product in the laboratory. All products have a unique and unique composition. Bee bread is no exception. However, beekeepers found a way out, came up with and successfully use their own substitute. It contains components that are known, available and necessary for insects. It is called the Gaidak mixture. Composition basis:

• soy flour;
• whole milk powder;
• nutritional yeast;
• egg yolks;
• casein.

The flour should be finely ground. It cannot be replaced with cereal. Grain crops negatively affect the body of honey plants. Sometimes finely ground peas are used. Bees like it if a small part of beebread is added to the mixture.

The need to feed a bee colony during winter almost always arises. However, there are no clear rules and procedures. It all depends on the conditions, climate, breed of honey plants, etc. Each owner chooses the optimal wintering option for himself and his farm.

Important!

The only recommendation in this case is preparation. Products that are needed to support insects must be prepared in advance. And following the advice of experienced beekeepers will help maintain honey production without losses until the onset of warm weather.