Apple tree Sinap: description and characteristics of the variety, planting and care, varieties

The variety is late-winter, quite stable, vigorous, frost-resistant, and is approved for cultivation in many regions.

Map. Regions where the variety will reveal its qualities to the maximum

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of the Sinap Orlovsky variety:

precociousness;
excellent winter hardiness;
excellent taste of apples;
possibility of long-term storage.

Orlovsky is considered a partially self-fertile variety. However, if other varieties are planted on the site, this has a positive effect on its yield - it is much higher.

large size of trees;
If there is a calcium deficiency in the soil, the fruits may suffer from bitter pitting.

These and other features, planting and cultivation, characteristics of fruits and reviews of gardeners about the variety will be discussed further.

Appearance

Apple trees have a spreading crown and strong branches. The leaf blades are large, dark green. Foliage, sitting on short petioles, is located on the branches quite rarely. During the flowering period, the tree branches are decorated with beautiful light pink flowers.

Tasting assessment and description of fruits

Distinctive features characteristic of the fruits of the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree variety:

attractive round-conical, often oblong (synapoid) shape - when ripening, some of the fruits become rounded;
dense shiny skin.

In different years and on different soils, the apple acquires a stronger or less colored pink side.

The seeds are small and brown in color.

There are removable and consumer ripeness of fruits:

The ripeness of the fruits of this winter variety, like the Orlovsky Partizan apple tree, occurs at the end of September. At this time, growth processes stop and fruit can be collected.
The fruits reach consumer ripeness in November. During this period, apples acquire the taste and aroma inherent to the variety.

In the stage of removable ripeness, apples have a pleasant yellowish-green color, which becomes golden yellow during the onset of consumer ripeness (during storage). From the side illuminated by the sun, a blurry blush appears on the fruit.

The flesh of the apples is greenish-cream and very juicy. Characteristic features of apple pulp:

pleasant aroma;
optimal balance of acid and sugar.

The fruit size is larger than average. Just like the Oryol striped apple tree, their weight reaches 120-150 g. The largest fruits weigh up to 200 g.

During consumer ripeness, that is, from the beginning of November and almost until the beginning of May, apples are perfectly stored without reducing the quality of the fruit. Experts estimate the external attractiveness of apples of this variety at 4.3 points, and the taste of the fruit received an equally high score - 4.4–4.7.

Features of fruiting and productivity

The variety is early-bearing - fruiting occurs when the trees are 4-5 years old. Productivity is annual, without periodicity. In this regard, the variety wins in comparison with the same Antonovka.

This is interesting! The trees have good productivity and regularly bear fruit both at a young and mature age. The average yield is from 50 to 80 kg per tree. With proper care, you can harvest 130-150 kg or more. This figure significantly exceeds the yield of such apple tree varieties as Oryol Polesie.

Winter hardiness and disease resistance

The variety belongs to the winter-hardy group. Mature trees are able to withstand frosty winters, and this does not affect the future harvest in any way. Therefore, the variety is grown not only in the recommended areas, but also in the northern regions. In severe frosts, it is better to cover the trunks of young trees.

Apple trees demonstrate high resistance to many diseases. There is average resistance to scab and powdery mildew. Apple tree diseases and pests should be combated using fungicides and insecticides. As a preventive measure, in early spring they are treated with 1% Bordeaux mixture.

Important! A special feature of this variety is its increased need for calcium. If there is a deficiency of this microelement in the soil, the fruits show signs of bitter pitting. Heavy soils contain more calcium than sandy soils. To compensate for its deficiency, liming of the soil is used.

Description and characteristics

The shoots of the apple tree are of medium thickness and dark brown in color. Leaves grow relatively rarely on branches. The shoot's trunk looks faceted. There are a small number of small lentils.

Habitat

Zoning was carried out for the following territories:

Central Black Earth region;
North-West region;
Central part of the Russian Federation;
Srednevolzhsky district.

Sinap Orlovsky is very popular in the temperate climate zone in Russia. He is a welcome guest on both large farms and small country farms.

Tree dimensions

The trees are characterized by their large size. The Sinap Orlovsky apple tree grows up to 5 meters. Large branches grow relatively rarely and this makes it possible to make maintenance less labor-intensive. The variety is characterized by: branching at an angle of 90 degrees and the vertical direction of the tips.

The crown is wide, spreading, pyramidal or round.

Brown bark covers the trunk. You can feel its roughness to the touch.

Branching of the root system

Since such trees are characterized by large sizes, they develop a powerful root system, which requires a significant area when growing.

Foliage and flowers

The leaves of the tree are dark green in color. They are large and pubescent. The surface of some of the leaves is smooth, while others have a convex surface. The edge is wavy, serrated and crenate. The petioles are small, the stipules are large and have a lanceolate shape. The pointed edges of the leaf blade are curved upward.

The flowers on the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree have a soft pink hue. They are a luxurious garden decoration in spring. The petals grow closed.

Productivity and annual growth

This variety pleases farmers with large-sized fruits. If weighed separately, they will weigh 150-160 g. The size of most oblong fruits is approximately the same. They may have a round-conical shape. The surface of the apple is glossy, the skin is thick, and has an oily tint. Upon examination, small white spots located under the surface are visible.

Ripe fruits have a yellow-green color. If you let it sit for a while, a golden hue appears.

The Sinap Orlovsky apple tree gives a harvest in the fourth or fifth year of life. The harvest is then obtained annually. One hectare of trees can produce a harvest whose weight reaches 160-170 centners. For example, Welsey and Antonovka can provide pollination.

Tasting evaluation of fruits and scope of application

The fruits are known for their good combination of sweet and pleasant sour taste. Consumers love their delicious aroma and juicy, tender flesh. The apples are loose and split easily. The apple flesh is green and slightly creamy.

The taste of Sinap Orlovsky apples was assessed based on averaged data over several years. The variety rating is 4.5-4.7 out of 5. Experts rated the species - it corresponds to 4.3 out of 5.

Here are some useful items:

titratable acid, its content is 0.52%;
sugar here contains 9.5%;
8.9% pectin substances;
P-active substances are 194 mg per 100 g;
ascorbic acid is 13.7 mg.
55 kilocalories per 100 g of fruit.

The end of September is the time to collect fruits. Collected apples hardly deteriorate during storage. They are able to survive the winter period without loss. Sinap Orlovsky has well-deserved popularity among manufacturers of products for children.

The fruits can be eaten fresh or made into jam, preserves or juices.

The collected apples must be left alone for four weeks and allowed to rest. They will ripen and finally acquire their real taste. Sinap Orlovsky apples contain a high content of elements necessary for the body.

Winter hardiness

The Sinap Orlovsky variety is known for its high winter hardiness. It can easily cope with eight-degree frost. This tree is well adapted to cold climates.

Disease resistance

The Sinap Orlovsky apple tree is easily infected with scab, as well as most other diseases. Because of this, it is necessary to subject the trees to special treatment.

Application

In cooking

Apples are suitable for various processing; they are used to make compotes, preserves, syrup, juices, and dried. Apples are also used to make apple cider vinegar, apple wine, and make tinctures, liqueurs, and sweets.

When losing weight

Used in the form of single and mixed diets, fasting days.

In cosmetology

Masks, lotions, and rinses are prepared based on the fruits and juice.

Advantages and disadvantages

This apple tree has advantages:

This is a fast-growing plant.
Sinap Orlovsky pleases farmers with high yields. It reaches up to 200 kg from one apple tree.
The harvested crop can be easily stored throughout the winter. Apples spoil, do not deteriorate their taste and do not lose the beneficial elements contained in them.
These trees can easily withstand freezing temperatures and can withstand winter cold in the Russian climate.
Apples do not spoil or lose their taste when refrigerated.
Sinap Orlovsky is adapted to growth in the north of the Russian Federation and can produce a good harvest here.
Apples have an excellent taste that combines sweetness and piquant sourness well.

You can point out the following shortcomings:

After planting, it must take four years until it begins to bear fruit.
It is important that pollinating varieties grow on the site.
Sinap Orlovsky is weakly resistant to diseases.
The large size of apple trees creates difficulties for farmers with a small garden area.

Reviews from gardeners

Elena, Moscow

The apples have white flesh with a greenish tint, the structure is juicy and fine-grained, moderately dense, the juice squirts out.

Source: otzovik.com

Sergey, Saransk

A distinctive feature that I fell for is its excellent storage in the garage, in the cellar - they are stored perfectly until April, and practically do not lose their taste.

Source: otzovik.com

What rootstock can I grow on?

To grow Sinap Orlovsky, you can use different types of rootstocks. Each of them affects how the adult tree turns out.

Vigorous

In such a situation, fruiting begins later than usual. The tree can grow up to 6 meters. The root system is powerful and grows deep. The use of such a rootstock is beneficial in areas where the apple tree has to obtain moisture at a relatively large depth.

Semi-dwarf

With this type of rootstock, the tree grows up to 4.5 m. The root system grows 2.5 m deep. Fruiting begins when the tree is four years old.

Dwarf

Here the dimensions of the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree will be smaller than usual. It is 2.8-3 meters. The depth to which the roots grow in such trees does not exceed 1.7-2 m. These trees are suitable for areas where groundwater is shallow.

On clonal rootstock

This method of growing makes the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree taller than usual. It will have a wide crown. The variety has high natural protection against diseases. It does not impose any special care requirements on the gardener.

The use of clonal rootstock leads to a tree with late fruiting. It occurs only at the age of 10 years.

Where to buy seedlings?

The best seedling will be that grown in a similar climatic zone, preferably in the same region as the future place of growth. There are many options for purchasing seedlings. It can be:

Exhibitions and sales of plants;
Online stores with postal delivery;
Private household plots;
Official nurseries.

Preference should be given to the latter: the risk of receiving low-quality planting material and errors in the variety are practically eliminated! In addition, it is in official breeding stations and nurseries that you can learn about the true disadvantages and advantages of the variety, and the peculiarities of cultivation in the area.

It is better to purchase seedlings from official nurseries.

Many private breeders and official organizations send seedlings by mail. But no seller can guarantee that the seedling will not be damaged in transit or will not dry out.

The advantage of plant sales exhibitions is a huge selection of different varieties and seedlings. When purchasing apple trees, it is important to make sure that the seller did not grow them in warmer regions than your area. “Southern” trees do not adapt well to frost and may die in the first 2-3 winters.

Planting a Sinap apple tree on the site

If you do not provide the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree with sufficient calcium content, the quality of the fruit will decrease - they will develop a bitter taste. In addition, the apple tree becomes more vulnerable to disease.

It must be taken into account that this Synap is self-sterile. Pollinators are necessary for fruiting on the site. For this purpose, the following varieties are used:

Slav;
Pepin Saffron;
Zhigulevskoe;
Welsey;
Antonovka vulgare;
Sinap Northern.

Optimal timing

The best time to plant Sinap Orlovsky is from mid-September to mid-November. It is allowed to plant the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree in the spring. It is important to do this when there is no threat of frost. Planting usually takes place from the beginning of April.

Preparing the site and planting hole

When choosing a suitable site, it is necessary to take into account that such apple trees prefer good sunlight and soil that is rich in microelements. It is undesirable for plantings to have groundwater close to the surface. The Sinap Orlovsky apple tree will not grow well in waterlogged soil.

Planting seedlings is done as follows:

It is recommended to prepare holes for seedlings two weeks before planting. Its length and width should be one meter. Depth - 80 centimeters.
The bottom of the created hole must be loosened with a rake.
Crushed bricks are placed in the hole. This is necessary to ensure drainage.
For the hole, you need to prepare the ground, add a little manure there and add ash. The recommended combination of soil and additives is 3: 1. 40 g of potassium sulfate must be added to this composition. After this, add 80 grams of superphosphate.
The prepared material is placed in each hole prepared in advance. It is necessary that it occupies a third of the height.
Add 20 centimeters of soil into the hole.

Technology of planting seedlings

When planting a Sinap Orlovsky apple tree, you must:

Before planting, the roots must be carefully straightened.
It is necessary to leave 5-6 centimeters from the root collar to the surface of the earth.

After the Sinap Orlovsky apple tree seedling has been planted, a peg 60 centimeters high is placed next to it, to which it must be tied.

Immediately after planting, you need to water the plant. One tree will require 3-4 buckets of water.

Region of natural growth

“Northern Sinap” is a winter-hardy variety , however, it is not recommended for cultivation in areas north of the southern borders of the Moscow region.

This is explained by the fact that apples require a lot of summer heat to ripen, which may not be enough in northern areas with short summers. At the same time, apples that have not yet reached the required ripeness, ripening in the cellar, will not be able to achieve the proper taste and correct appearance. And even two or three months of ripening in storage will not improve the situation.

The variety is recommended for the Moscow, Kaluga, Smolensk, Oryol, Saratov, Bryansk, Tula, Volgograd, Oryol, and Ryazan regions . In Eastern Siberia, stale forms of the “Northern Sinap” are grown, which are successfully protected from snowy and frosty winters.

How to care for a tree

Although this apple variety is considered unpretentious, it nevertheless requires care. The better quality it is, the more abundant and tastier the harvest will be.

Watering and fertilizing

In spring and autumn, watering should be provided 4-5 times monthly. An apple tree requires at least 20 liters of water.

After finishing, you need to loosen the ground.

The Sinap Orlovsky apple tree is fertilized four times per season:

when winter has passed (a mixture is added: 700 g of manure, diluted with a bucket of soil);
when the kidneys are formed (urea 0.5 kg);
at the end of flowering (a special mixture is used);
when the harvest is completely harvested (add superphosphate 50 g dissolved in a bucket of water).

The composition for fertilizing an apple tree at the end of flowering consists of the following parts:

superphosphate needs 100 g;
urea 60 g;
calcium required 40 g.

To prepare the composition, the components are mixed in ten liters of water.

Tree trunk care

It is recommended to hill the trunk of the apple tree by 20 centimeters. After watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil and mulch the ground.

Preventative treatments

The time for protective measures against diseases comes in the autumn season. It is important to control the appearance of the tree bark and monitor the condition of the branches.

When the crop is fully harvested, the plants are treated with a solution of copper sulfate.

In the spring season, additional treatment is carried out using Fitosporin M or Bordeaux mixture.

Sanitary and formative pruning

During the period when the apple tree is actively growing, it is important to prune regularly. The following must be taken into account:

During the first year of growth, you can cut off no more than a third of the branches.
In the second year of the seedling’s life, in the spring the plant is processed, leaving three tiers of branches.
In the future, it is necessary to process so that the main branches remain.

In the first years of life, pruning is performed by 20-25 centimeters, for an adult tree - by 40-45 centimeters.

Dried or damaged branches must be removed.

Preparing for winter

Before the onset of winter cold, the tree trunk circle is fed with organic fertilizers and dug up. Then mulch with humus and peat.

The standard for rodent control is whitened with a mixture of lime to which copper sulfate is added. For this purpose, you can additionally wrap the trunk with spruce branches or use a protective net.

Useful tips

It is better to prune branches and form the crown in early spring than in late autumn! And all cuts need to be covered with garden varnish;
Seedlings covered for the winter should be opened at an average daily temperature of about 0 °Ϲ . When warm weather sets in, unopened seedlings may become stifled;
Hares and mice love the young bark of apple trees ! The best protection against them is to wrap the tree trunk with a nylon stocking or unnecessary rags . You can install a net near the stem. It is important that the shelter starts from ground level and is at least a meter high.

Variety varieties

There are varieties of Sinap that differ in their properties. The following describes the most famous of them.

Heroic

This variety has relatively large dimensions. Apple trees provide a bountiful harvest and show strong frost resistance. The fruits have a white-greenish color. The apples are fully ripe at the end of September.

Belorussian

These apple trees are early fruiting. They have high frost resistance. Plants do not get scab. The leaf crown is formed in the form of a pyramid. The color of the fruit is green-yellow. The peel of the fruit is dense. At the end of September it is time to harvest.

Sarah Sinap

This option applies to late winter. It is highly resistant to scab and winter frosts. The tree has average dimensions for this variety. Apples have white and firm flesh. The color of most fruits is yellow-green. Sometimes you can see a pink blush on them.

Almaty

The apple tree grows to a medium size. The variety is not infected with scab. Medium in size, weight is in the range of 110-150 g. The pulp has a loose consistency, the taste has both acidity and sweetness. When ripe, the fruits acquire a dark red color. The harvest ripens in the last week of September.

Khakassian

This variety was obtained by crossing the Rossoshansky Striped and Sinap Northern. An apple tree can produce 50-60 kg of apples annually. The weight of one fruit is usually 170 g.

Minusinsky

The variety is medium-sized. It begins to bear fruit after the fifth year of life. The weight of apples is 40-50 g. Such an apple tree is not afraid of frosty weather. The variety is protected from scab disease.

Qandil

The end of August is the time when it is time to harvest. Each fruit weighs 140 g. Apples have an elongated shape. Their color is yellow-green with a faint blush. Mature trees can produce a harvest of up to 300 kg each.

Mountain

It is considered precocious. The harvest is harvested in late autumn. Not susceptible to scab infection. The apples are round and golden in color.

Pollination

Northern Sinap is partially self-fertile. To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant pollinators such as Antonovka, Pepin saffron, and Slavyanka in the garden plot.

Without pollinators, the yields of Northern Sinap will decrease. When self-pollinating, this apple tree produces only about 40% of the possible harvest.

For Oryol Sinap, the best pollinators are Antonovka and Welsey.

Photo gallery: the best pollinators for Sinap

Pepin saffron is one of the most valuable varieties in the Central Black Earth region

Antonovka is a widespread ancient Russian winter apple tree variety.

The Welsie variety is distinguished by its high consumer quality of apples

The Slavyanka variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and resistance to scab.

Harvest and storage

Orlovsky and Northern Sinap are distinguished by early fruiting and regularity of fruiting. The first harvests can be harvested 5–7 years after planting. Sinap, grown on a dwarf rootstock, is able to bear fruit after 2-3 years.

Harvesting of both varieties occurs at the end of September - beginning of October. When they reach maturity, the fruits do not fall off, but are firmly held on the branches, which has a beneficial effect on their subsequent storage.

In terms of productivity, Oryol Sinap is inferior to Northern Sinap. The first brings up to 70-90 kg of apples from one tree, while from the second you can collect up to 170 kg .

Harvesting ahead of schedule is not recommended, as this can lead to a deterioration in the taste of the fruit and a reduction in shelf life.

After harvesting, the fruits of both varieties, under the right conditions, retain excellent presentation and taste until May.

Apples are stored in a cool, dry room in wooden vegetable boxes or cardboard boxes with special slots for air exchange. The fruits in the boxes are sprinkled with dry wood shavings or wrapped in paper. Thanks to the thick skin, transportation is carried out without losing the original consumer appearance.

The fruits of Sinap Northern and Sinap Orlovsky can be stored until May next year

Origin of culture

The Northern Sinap appeared after breeders decided to develop a new elite variety of apple tree, which would match its characteristics with the Crimean Sinap.
The apples of this crop were distinguished by high taste, but difficulties in transportation caused a lot of indignation. It is for this reason that the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture decided to develop a new variety with resistance to cold weather. After lengthy trials and experiments, scientists were able to select the Northern Sinap apple variety. The culture was obtained after pollination of the seed of the Kitayka Kandil variety and was distinguished by its special taste characteristics and frost resistance. This is exactly the variety that the experts hoped to obtain. Later, the plant began to be grown in other regions, taking into account the soil and climatic characteristics. You can currently find such apple trees both in the gardens of summer residents and at processing plants. Northern Sinap served as the basis for the creation of the following varieties:

Moscow winter;
Moscow later;
Oryol synap.

Experts advise using this plant to breed early ripening apple trees.

Similar chapters from other books

Khalili white

Khalili white The variety is also known under the names Ak Khalili, Ilyinsky, Yai raisin, Novrast white, Tsarsky. It is predominantly distributed in the republics of Central Asia, Transcaucasia and the Stavropol Territory. The variety has a very early ripening period, which in the south of Russia occurs

Delight white

White Delight Variety bred by VNIIViV named after. Ya. I. Potapenko, early ripening, is distinguished by high taste qualities and a very high sugar content. The variety produces large berries measuring 27? 24 mm, with an average weight of 6–7 g, white in color, with a harmonious taste and slightly

Grushevsky white

Grushevsky white A high-yielding technical variety of late ripening, ready for harvest at the end of September. The berries are medium-sized, weighing 2 g, round, white. Sugar content can reach 21–22% with an acidity of 10–11 g/l. The berries are collected in not very large

Muscat white

White Muscat Muscat is a group of grape varieties whose berries have a strong, distinctive odor reminiscent of musk. This aroma is called “muscat”. White muscat is a wine variety of medium yield, medium early ripening (140–145 days). Gives

Suruchensky white

Suruchensky white Table-technical variety of medium-late ripening period; harvesting can begin after 150 days at a total of active temperatures of 2760°. Produces moderately large berries measuring 18–20 mm, weighing 3–4 g, round in shape, and white. The berries are thin, but

Donskoy white

Donskoy white Table variety with medium late ripening period (150–155 days). Produces large, oval-shaped berries with a pointed tip and a miniature spike, greenish-yellow in color. The crispy pulp has a pleasant taste. The berries are collected in large clusters. The bushes have a high

White gooseberry

Muscat white

White Muscat Muscat is a group of grape varieties whose berries have a strong, unique odor reminiscent of musk. This aroma is called “muscat”. White muscat is a wine variety of medium yield level, medium early ripening period (140 – 145 days). Gives

Grushevsky white

Donskoy white

Donskoy white Table variety with medium late ripening period (150 – 155 days). Produces large, oval-shaped berries with a pointed tip and a miniature spike, greenish-yellow in color. The crispy pulp has a pleasant taste. The berries are collected in large clusters. The bushes have a high

Suruchensky white

Suruchensky white Table-technical variety of medium-late ripening period; harvesting can begin after 150 days at a total of active temperatures of 2760 °C. Produces moderately large berries measuring 18–20 mm, weighing 3–4 g, round in shape, and white. The berries are thin, but

Belarusian Sinap

Belarusian Sinap Bred at the Research Institute of Potato and Fruit Growing of Belarus by crossing the apple tree varieties Antonovka Obyknovennaya and Pepin Litovsky. Used in production in the North-West region. The tree is winter-hardy, grows quickly in the nursery, with

Qandil Sinap

Kandil Sinap The origin of the variety is unknown. It is being tested in the south of Russia. The tree has a high narrow pyramidal crown. Pollinators required: Rosemary White, Sarah Sinap. The harvest is formed on perennial ringlets, spears, and fruit twigs. Starts

Northern Sinap

Northern Sinap The variety was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after. I. V. Michurina sowing seeds of the Kandil-Kitayka variety from free pollination. Grown in the Central Black Earth, Middle Volga and Lower Volga regions. The variety is winter-hardy, the crown shape is wide-pyramidal. Bears fruit