The procedure for disinsection and deratization at various facilities

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Contrary to popular belief, the extermination of insects or rodents is not a single operation, but rather a complex of measures. Depending on the type of object, work to eliminate insects or rodents may include up to several stages of chemical, biological and mechanical procedures aimed at destroying pests and pathogens of various diseases, as well as preventive measures. Carrying out disinfestation with a professional approach implies, first of all, competent planning of work and rational use of time, otherwise the timing of the activities will be greatly delayed, and this is beneficial only for insects.

What does a professional know?

Measures involving the use of poisons should begin with monitoring: one must clearly understand what pests will have to be fought and under what conditions. At the exploration stage, specialists select a set of drugs (as a rule, there are always several of them), the necessary equipment and clear boundaries of work. The exterminator must find out:

places of clutches and accumulations of arthropods at different stages of their formation;
density of contact between insects and people;
insect population dynamics;
the impact of natural and anthropogenic regulators on pest populations;
the time frame within which the population of bedbugs or cockroaches can recover after the use of poisons.

The exterminator must know the operating principle of each group of insecticides, the rules for their use and safety precautions when working with poisons.

What is deratization

Deratization is the extermination of different types of rodents. A system of measures for the extermination of different types of rodents (rats, mice). This process is quite dangerous and must be carried out by a trained worker. If handled incorrectly, you can harm not only rats and mice, but also humans and pets.

The main types of deratization: 1. Preventive. Aimed at removing favorable conditions for pests. 2. Fighter. Estimates that apply if rodents have already appeared. The main methods of deratization: 1. Mechanical. Use of mousetraps and rat traps. 2. Using chemistry. Using baits that are poisoned. 3. Biological. Using pets to get rid of rodents. 4. Gas. Used in the field, on ships, on trains and airplanes.

It is also possible to conclude contracts for deratization, disinfection and disinfestation for processing in our company.
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Arthropods as pathogens

First, a little history about pest control itself. As a term, the concept of “insect control” was first used in 1909 by Russian and later Soviet doctor Nikolai Fedorovich Gamaleya. The academician of bacteriology proposed to designate measures to destroy insects that carry infectious diseases with the term “disinsection.” This order of invertebrates is the most numerous: two-thirds of living organisms on our planet belong to this group! In relation to humans, among invertebrates there are both beneficial and harmful, those that damage crops and trees, food, furniture, clothing and homes, and also carry pathogens of various infections. Parasitic insects (bugs, mosquitoes, fleas) deprive us of sleep and peace or create unsanitary conditions in our homes (flies, cockroaches). All arthropods that cause harm to humans are objects of medical disinsection. Each insect species has its own biological characteristics and occupies a specific place in the ecological niche. Therefore, the exterminator uses a differentiated approach in his work.

How infectious agents are transmitted

The scope of activity of exterminators includes eight orders of arthropods: lice, cockroaches, fleas, ants, bedbugs, ticks, flies and mosquitoes. The pathogen in the body of an insect can live and develop or only reproduce. For example, malaria pathogens grow and strengthen in the body of a mosquito. But the encephalitis virus in ticks only multiplies, like the plague bacillus in the body of a flea. Biologists call both types of such disease carriers specific. There is also a type of mechanical vectors of viruses, when the pest gets into the proboscis or on the body of an insect. In this case, infection occurs directly, through a wound on the human body or mucous membrane.

Disinsection and its types

The destruction of insects can be preventive or focal in nature.

Preventive
disinfestation
. One of the main sets of procedures to prevent infection of people in forest areas where foci of certain infections are detected. An example is the mass killing of mosquitoes to prevent malaria.

Focal disinsection.

Divided into current and final. In the first case, insects are exterminated both at the source of infection and in the surrounding area (the boundaries of quarantine are determined by the danger of the pathogen). In the second, the areas of infection themselves are eliminated, as, for example, in the case of pathogens of relapsing or typhus. The effectiveness of these measures depends on the correct determination of the boundaries of the hazardous area and the quality of treatment.

Experience shows that proper implementation of current disinfestation completely eliminates the recurrence of typhus, malaria and even pappataci fever.

Types of disinfestation in Russia

Preventive disinfestation

The preventive type of disinfestation measures is carried out for hotels, schools, medical institutions, tourist centers, sanatoriums, catering establishments, industries, in order to create unfavorable conditions for the reproduction of insects.

Preventive disinfestation consists of periodically washing bed linen, thoroughly cleaning the premises, cleaning the surrounding areas, cleaning sewer pipes, installing nets for ventilation, sealing the premises (eliminating cracks and crevices). Special plastic boxes are installed, inside of which there is an adhesive plate with bait, the so-called “pest control”. If insects appear on the object, then one or two individuals inevitably end up in the “pest control” and in this case the preventive type of measures turns into exterminatory ones.

Exterminatory pest control

The exterminatory type of disinfestation measures is carried out on objects with a large number of insects and consists of the complete extermination of pests, that is, all colonies of insects and their nests. Various means of pest control are used depending on the degree of their infestation (physical, mechanical, chemical, biological, intestinal insecticidal, fumigation).

The exterminatory type of disinfestation, in turn, has two subtypes, this is focal disinsection, when nests, nurseries and arthropods themselves are destroyed directly, and final disinsection, when especially persistent, surviving members of the colony and offspring hatched from eggs are exterminated, and a “barrier” is put up for in order to exclude the re-colonization of areas by one or another type of insect.

Ways to control insects

Due to the wide variety of arthropods, their structure, habitats, and feeding and reproduction characteristics, pest controllers use three methods:

chemical,
physical,
biological.

Chemical method

. Destruction of insects using chemicals - insecticides. Substances used to kill ticks are called acaricides. There is also a group of poisons used to repel arthropods - repellents.

The principle of action of any insecticide is simple: when it gets inside an insect, it causes disruption of its vital functions. All other conditions being equal, the degree of damage to the insect depends on the amount of poison it received: it can be partial defeat with subsequent restoration of viability or death.

The toxicity of the drug depends on several conditions:

the degree of dissolution of the poison in the insect’s body;
time of exposure to the poison (depends on the physiology of the insect and the speed of chemical reactions);
ambient temperature.

According to the method of penetration, insecticides are divided into intestinal, contact and respiratory.

Physical method

. Involves the use of high temperatures and mechanical devices. This method includes treating the room and furniture with a vacuum cleaner or simply knocking out things. Window nets and sticky traps also belong to this method, but they play the role of complementing the effects of chemicals.

Thermal effects are based on the fact that insects do not have the ability to thermoregulate the body and are completely dependent on the environment in this regard. But each insect has its own “critical temperature” at which it falls asleep or dies. Exterminators use fire, heated water, hot air or steam.

Biological method

. Insects have pests too! These are parasites that live on the body of insects, which are used in this case. Biological effects also include the use of substances that inhibit the insect at the genetic level (inhibitors), analogues of natural hormones. Disinsection is carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 3.5.2.1376-03 (approved by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/09/2003 No. 126).

The procedure for disinfestation at various facilities

Pest control is not only the destruction of insects, as many believe, but also the implementation of a whole range of preventive measures aimed at reducing and eliminating infectious and parasitic diseases.

For correct and rational planning of insect extermination measures, it is necessary to know the breeding places and concentrations of arthropods at different stages of their development, the degree of connection with humans of individual insect species, the dynamics of their numbers, the influence of regulatory factors (natural, anthropogenic), the mechanism of action of certain groups of insecticidal preparations and the possibility of the emergence of stable populations, the rate of restoration of populations of different insect species after exposure to biocidal agents, and much more.

Disinsection includes a set of chemical, biological and mechanical control measures aimed not only at destruction, but also at preventing the appearance of pests.

ROLE OF ARTHROPODS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

The term disinfestation was first proposed in 1909 by bacteriologist Nikolai Fedorovich Gamaleya to refer to measures to destroy insects that carry infectious diseases.

Arthropods are the most numerous type of invertebrate order. Among them there are both beneficial and harmful species - insects and ticks damage crops, gardens, food supplies, clothing, furniture, homes, and are also carriers of pathogens of various diseases. The harm caused by arthropods to human health is not limited to spoilage of food supplies and the transfer of pathogens of infectious diseases. Some of the arthropods that live near humans deprive them of peaceful rest (bugs, fleas, mosquitoes). Some create or indicate an unsanitary environment in a home, office or enterprise (cockroaches, flies). In this regard, all types of arthropods that in one form or another cause harm to humans are included in the scope of medical disinsection. The variety of conditions in which the harmful effects of arthropods occur determines their ecological and biological characteristics and requires a differentiated approach to disinfestation measures.

The following orders are of epidemiological and sanitary-hygienic importance: fleas, lice, cockroaches, bedbugs, ants, ticks, mosquitoes and flies.

In the body of a specific carrier, the pathogen goes through a certain development cycle (plasmodia of malaria in the body of a mosquito, leishmania in mosquitoes) or only multiplies (the causative agent of plague in fleas, encephalitis virus in ticks). In mechanical carriers, pathogens are located on the surface of the body, in the proboscis, and intestines (flies, horseflies, cockroaches). Transfer of the pathogen in such cases is usually possible for a short period of time, as long as it remains viable. In some cases, the same species of arthropod can be a specific and mechanical carrier of certain pathogens.

TYPES OF DISINSECTION

The epidemiological and epizootological focus of measures to exterminate arthropods determines the feasibility of identifying focal and preventive disinsection.

Focal disinsection, in turn, is divided into current disinsection and final disinsection.

Current focal disinfestation involves extermination of vectors both at the source itself and in its surroundings. It is of greatest importance for such anthroponoses as typhus and relapsing fever, as well as for malaria and pappataci fever. As previous experience has shown, careful implementation of ongoing disinsection for these diseases completely eliminates the possibility of new infections appearing around the patient.

Final focal disinsection is an important measure in eliminating foci of typhus and relapsing typhus. However, it should be noted that its epidemiological effectiveness depends on the timely determination of the size of the outbreak, as well as on the quality of work to exterminate lice. Currently, due to the elimination of relapsing fever and the registration of isolated cases of typhus, it has limited significance.

Preventive disinfestation is one of the main measures to prevent human disease in natural enzootic foci. In particular, widespread mosquito eradication measures were of exceptional importance in the fight against malaria.

Disinsection is also distinguished between medical, veterinary and agricultural.

METHODS OF DISINSECTION

The diversity of biological characteristics of individual arthropod species, as well as the conditions of their existence, requires the use of a wide variety of methods to combat them. Depending on the nature of the reagents used, three disinfestation methods are distinguished:

physical,
chemical,
biological.

PHYSICAL DISINSECTION METHOD

The physical method of disinfestation is carried out through the use of mechanical means and high temperatures.

Among the mechanical means, it should be noted the usual techniques used in cleaning rooms and individual objects (vacuum cleaner, shaking out, knocking out), the use of various traps, sticky paper, nets on windows and doors. Mechanical means of disinfestation are of secondary importance both in terms of effectiveness and in terms of the object of their use and can only be considered as an addition to chemical methods.

Exposure to high temperatures. As is known, the body temperature of arthropods, which have practically no ability to thermoregulate, depends on the ambient temperature. Each species of arthropod has its own specific temperature optimum, which is the most favorable for its life activity. Changing the temperature above or below the optimum affects metabolic processes. Under the influence of high temperatures, sharp irreversible changes occur in the body of arthropods (primarily the coagulation of proteins), leading to their death.

Fire, hot water, dry hot air, moist hot air, and water vapor are used as disinfestation agents. Fire is used only in the fight against certain species of arthropods under certain conditions. Hot water is used to kill lice and nits in laundry by boiling. In boiling water, lice and nits die within a few seconds. Dry hot air as a disinfestation agent has become widespread for the destruction of lice and nits in clothing and is used in disinfection chambers called hot air or dry heat. Water vapor, with the help of which the temperature reaches 100 ° C and above, also ensures the destruction of lice.

CHEMICAL DISINSECTION METHOD

All chemicals used to control arthropods are called insecticides. Insecticides used to kill ticks are called acaricides. In addition, there is a group of chemicals that repel arthropods - repellents. Like any poisons, insecticides, when they enter the body, cause disruption of its activity. The degree of impairment of vital functions, other things being equal, depends on the amount of poison that has penetrated the body. It can cause temporary disruption of body functions, followed by partial or complete recovery or death.

The toxic effect of insecticides on arthropods can occur under a number of conditions:

The insecticide must dissolve in the body of arthropods. The fulfillment of this condition is determined by the chemical composition of the drug and the biological characteristics of the arthropods (metabolic characteristics, functional characteristics and structure of individual organs and tissues).
The insecticide must enter the arthropod's body. This can be achieved by using various forms of insecticide (liquid, solid, gaseous) and using various methods of introducing them into the arthropod body.
A certain exposure must be ensured, since time is required, firstly, for the dissolution of the poison in the body of arthropods and, secondly, for those chemical reactions that occur between the insecticide and living tissues. The speed of these processes also depends on the biological characteristics of arthropod organisms.
The action of insecticides is ensured only at certain temperatures. The toxic effect of the same insecticide on different species of arthropods at the same temperature will be different.

An important property is the duration of the residual effect of the chemical, that is, its ability to remain on the treated surface for a long time.

Depending on the routes and methods of penetration of insecticides into the body of arthropods and the mechanism of their action, they are divided into three groups: contact, intestinal and respiratory (fumigants). Some insecticides can act as both contact and fumigants.

BIOLOGICAL DISINSECTION METHOD

Biological pest control agents include natural enemies and parasites of arthropods, development inhibitors, substances with a genetic type of effect, and analogues of natural insect hormones.

Disinsection is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 3.5.2.1376-03 (approved by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/09/2003 No. 126).

SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF SANITARY RULES

SanPiN 3.5.2.1376-03 was developed in accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” (as amended on December 30, 2008) and the “Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization”, approved by the resolution Government of the Russian Federation dated June 24, 2000 No. 554 and establishes sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and implementation of measures to protect against cockroaches, bed bugs, fleas, ants, flies, mosquitoes, gamasid mites and other synanthropic arthropods in industrial, residential premises, buildings, structures, transport, territories of urban and rural settlements, adjacent areas of open nature, as well as the procedure for carrying out pest control measures against synanthropic arthropods.

Sanitary rules are mandatory for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, regardless of organizational, legal forms and forms of ownership, carrying out disinfestation activities.

Disinsection is carried out with the aim of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, creating favorable conditions for human life and includes organizational, sanitary-technical, sanitary-hygienic and extermination measures aimed at the destruction of synanthropic arthropods, including carriers of pathogens of human infectious diseases, as well as the creation conditions unfavorable for their life.

Methods for carrying out disinsection at objects of different categories:

in railway transport is carried out in accordance with regulatory and methodological documents on the organization of passenger transportation on railway transport;
on sea-going and inland navigation vessels is carried out in accordance with these sanitary rules, regulatory and methodological documents for sea-going and inland navigation vessels and the requirements of the International Maritime Transport of Dangerous Goods Code. Disinsection on ships is carried out mainly at berthing points, in the absence of passengers and the main part of the crew. Disinsection of hold spaces is carried out using chemical and mechanical means. When carrying out disinsection in cabins, cockpits, catering units, and fish processing shops, use products approved for use in residential premises and public catering establishments, respectively.

If it is necessary to carry out disinfestation while the vessel is at sea, it is allowed to use drugs approved for use in residential premises, medical institutions and public catering establishments. When disinfesting the premises of sea vessels using the gassing method, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements. Gasification is carried out in those rooms where their complete tightness can be ensured;

commissioning of all types of passenger transport (cars, ships, cars) after disinfestation is carried out after wet cleaning with a soap and soda solution;
on aircraft is carried out during basic cleaning by a specialized service of the airline preparing the aircraft for flight, or by a specialized third-party organization engaged in disinfection activities on air transport (for this purpose, in the absence of air passengers, insecticides are used that have a residual effect against flightless and flying insects), and when cleaning aircraft performing a transit flight - 10–15 minutes before boarding of air passengers, as well as during the flight in the presence of air passengers before taxiing or 10–15 minutes before landing of the aircraft, subject to the presence of flying insects or at the request of the airport sanitary authorities , - insecticides in aerosol packaging, approved for use for these purposes against flying insects - carriers of pathogens of vector-borne diseases (mosquitoes, mosquitoes, flies) by flight attendants or other specially trained crew members;
in parking lots or between flights with insecticides with a residual effect against flightless arthropods and flies in the absence of passengers by specialized organizations engaged in disinfection activities (basic treatment of facility interiors).

REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASURES TO PROTECT OBJECTS FROM ARTHROPODS

When designing and constructing facilities, engineering, construction, sanitary, technical and sanitary-hygienic measures are envisaged and carried out, excluding the possibility of access of synanthropic arthropods to buildings, to food, water, preventing their settlement.

The main measures to protect objects from synanthropic arthropods include:

installation of autonomous ventilation systems;
sealing of seams and joints of slabs and interfloor ceilings, places of entry and passage of electrical wiring, sanitary and other communications through ceilings, walls and other fences, places of joining of ventilation units;
installation of non-buried garbage chambers;
the use of materials suitable for their constant mechanical cleaning when constructing waste chutes.

When operating industrial and residential premises, buildings, structures, and transport, the following measures should be observed to prevent the penetration and reproduction of arthropods:

timely repair and sealing of seams and joints of slabs and interfloor ceilings, places of entry and passage of electrical wiring, sanitary and other communications through ceilings, walls and other fences, places of joining of ventilation units;
ensuring cleaning and disinfestation in accordance with sanitary rules for the facility;
installation of lighting in basements and technical underground areas;
sealing doors, using automatic door closing devices, covering ventilation openings with removable grilles, glazing (covering with fine mesh) windows;
installation and maintenance of cement (asphalt) floor screed;
maintaining blind areas and gutters in good condition;
timely cleaning, drainage, ventilation and cleaning of basements and technical underground areas.

Please note . The formation of landfills for household and bulky waste is not allowed in courtyard areas, open areas of populated areas and areas of open nature adjacent to populated areas. Pits should be filled immediately to avoid the formation of ponds - breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Open reservoirs for economic and decorative purposes should be systematically cleared of debris and excess vegetation.

In underground structures (communications, subway shafts and others), food waste should be collected in special containers and regularly transported to the surface. Food products should be stored in tightly sealed containers. Sewage trucks from underground workings must be delivered to the surface at a drainage point at least twice a week.

PRODUCTION CONTROL IN AN ORGANIZATION CARRYING OUT DISINSECTION

In an organization carrying out pest control activities, production control is carried out by a specially selected employee.

The organization must have the following documents:

real sanitary rules;
a document or a certified copy thereof confirming that the pest control agents and methods used are approved for use in the manner prescribed by current legislation;
personal medical records of workers involved in the reception, storage, preparation, transportation, and issuance of pest control products, issued in the prescribed manner;
instructions on public and personal safety measures when carrying out pest control work, posted in a visible place.

Laboratory control in an organization carrying out disinfestation activities involves determining the content of disinfestation agents in the air of the working area in production and warehouse premises, in the adjacent territory at the beginning of the organization’s activities and then once a year.

The territorial office of the state sanitary and epidemiological service is immediately notified of violations in the work of an organization carrying out disinfestation activities related to indoor air pollution, atmospheric air, soil, poisoning (suspected poisoning) of personnel.

PREPARATION OF OBJECTS FOR DISINSECTION

The administration of the facility-organization, the owner and tenant of buildings, premises, transport, carries out disinfestation measures on its own, subject to appropriate conditions, or on a contractual basis - by specialized organizations engaged in disinfection activities.

Citizens can carry out disinfestation measures within their residential premises, buildings, in rural areas - houses, garden plots or other similar areas, using means approved for use by the population in everyday life.

An object is understood as a building (premises), land plot, above-ground and underground structures that are the property of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur or leased from a legal entity or individual entrepreneur and located at the same actual address.

It is mandatory to carry out disinsection in the foci of certain infectious diseases, in premises and areas where there are conditions for the emergence, maintenance or spread of infectious diseases, as well as in the natural habitats of synanthropic arthropods in order to prevent zoonotic, anthropozoonotic infectious diseases.

To ensure the safety of personnel and create conditions for high-quality performance of work, the administration of the facility where disinfestation work is carried out is obliged to:

appoint a person from among the facility’s employees responsible for carrying out pest control work;
make sure that stairs, floors, lighting, ventilation are in good condition;
to exclude the possibility of injury to persons carrying out pest control work by electric shock, steam, attacks on them by stray and domestic animals, and the occurrence of other cases of industrial and domestic injuries associated with the poor sanitary and technical condition of the facility and the mode of its operation;
ensure access for persons carrying out disinfestation to all premises and buildings of the facility without exception, to the adjacent territory, as well as to walls, corners and technical entries, for which permanent passages with a width of at least 70 cm should be cleared along the walls, between stacks of food products and other cargo. If this is not possible, then provide access to all such premises before they are loaded (but at least once every two months);
organize a sanitary day or wet cleaning of all premises subject to disinfestation on the eve of its implementation, remove food, dishes from these premises, remove pets, birds, fish, if it is impossible to remove - tightly close all food products and dishes, exclude presence in the treated premises persons not related to disinfestation.

Treated premises cannot be used until they are cleaned, which is carried out no earlier than 8–12 hours after disinfestation and no later than three hours before using the facility for its intended purpose. Volatile products are removed from treated surfaces 3–4 hours after their use.

After treatment, the premises should be cleaned with the windows or vents open or with the supply and exhaust ventilation turned on. The duration of ventilation is set in accordance with the instructions for use of the drug. When cleaning, the product is removed wet with a rag, using a vacuum cleaner, first of all, from the floor and from the surfaces of furniture and equipment, where it can get into food (tables, cabinets, shelves, equipment, etc.), and then wash everything these surfaces with baking soda and soap.

In places where there is no danger of the product getting into food (behind baseboards, pipes, door frames, etc.), it is removed only after its expiration date. Persons not related to it should not be present in the premises during cleaning.

Bedding (mattresses, blankets, etc.) and carpets are freed from disinfestants 301504 hours after treatment, followed by airing and cleaning with a vacuum cleaner. Other household items should be washed with soap and soda solution. Do not replace soap and soda solution with washing powders.

DISINSECTION PROCEDURE

Work at the site to carry out disinfestation measures includes:

preliminary sanitary and epidemiological examination to determine the presence of arthropods and their species, identifying their locations;
control surveys for the purpose of timely registration of facts of the presence of arthropods, restoration of their numbers and the degree of occupation of premises by them;
choosing a method of controlling arthropods and developing tactics;
implementation of engineering, technical and sanitary-hygienic disinfestation measures.

The frequency of control surveys is four times a month for trade, public catering, and food industry organizations inhabited by arthropods; not inhabited by arthropods - twice a month. For medical and preventive, pre-school educational institutions, schools, recreational and health care institutions for children, public utility facilities - twice a month.

Inspection and disinfestation activities are carried out by a specially appointed employee of the facility or an organization carrying out disinfestation activities. Before carrying out disinfestation, inform the administration of the facility about the date and time of its implementation, the means used and precautions, and also notify the facility employees about the disinsection being carried out.

Disinsection is carried out with closed vents and windows. After finishing work, thoroughly ventilate the room in accordance with the instructions for use of the drug. During disinfestation, it is necessary to remove products from the workshops of industrial enterprises that may come into contact with disinfestation agents. Disinsection baits are placed in places inaccessible to children and animals. The scope and conditions for the use of disinfestation agents are determined by the instructions for using a specific disinfestation agent, as well as by the methods for carrying out disinfestation measures at objects of different categories.

hazard class I (extremely dangerous) products indoors and in everyday life , in medical and preventive, preschool educational institutions, schools, children's recreation and health care institutions, and in public catering organizations, hazard class II (highly dangerous) products are not allowed. At other facilities, the use of hazard class II products is allowed only by trained personnel wearing protective equipment, in the absence of people, and with subsequent mandatory ventilation and cleaning of the premises.

Products of hazard class III (moderately hazardous) are allowed for use in premises of any type by trained personnel, as well as in everyday life in aerosol packaging, subject to mandatory compliance with the conditions of use (consumption rates of the drug for a certain area of the room).

Disinsection in preschool educational institutions, schools, recreational and health care institutions for children should be carried out only in the absence of children and staff, after the end of the institution’s work, on sanitary days or weekends. All toys are removed from the premises. Before people start staying in the treated rooms, they are ventilated and wet cleaned, while disinfestation agents are removed from work surfaces.

Disinsection measures against fleas and gamas ticks (rat, mouse, bird) are carried out in rooms where they attack people (in apartments and office premises), as well as in basements where the main hosts and feeders of fleas and ticks - rodents, dogs - can live , cats, birds. The greatest effect is achieved by simultaneous disinsection and deratization in combination with sanitary measures aimed at eliminating the possibility of stray animals, wild birds and rodents living in the premises.

Disinsection measures against mosquitoes are carried out in their natural habitats - in open bodies of water, areas covered with vegetation, in buildings.

An indicator of the effectiveness of disinfestation measures is the change in the number of synanthropic arthropods, expressed as a percentage. An object is considered free from insects if they are absent from all its premises.

REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE, USE AND TRANSPORTATION OF DISINSTANTS

Disinfestation products must be stored in special rooms, in tightly closed manufacturer's packaging with a label. Storage conditions must comply with the regulations established by the documents for each product. Joint storage of disinfestation agents and means for deratization and disinfection is allowed.

It is not allowed to store food, drinking water, eat food, or have unauthorized persons in the room for storing disinfestation products. The room must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, metal racks for storing small container pest control products and wooden shelves for storing glass bottles with products, a security alarm and meet fire safety requirements. The floor, walls and ceilings must have a finish that prevents the sorption of harmful or aggressive substances and allows wet cleaning and washing (tiles, oil paint, linoleum). The room temperature should be no lower than 18 and no higher than 20 °C.

Disinfestation products purchased by the public for household use must be stored in places inaccessible to children and pets, separately from food products, medications and drinking water.

Transportation of pest control products, with the exception of those purchased by the population for household use, must be carried out by separate transport, in original containers and packaging.

SAFETY MEASURES WHEN CARRYING OUT DISINSECTION WORK

Persons who meet the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, who have undergone special training and safety instructions, and who have no contraindications in accordance with regulatory documents on medical regulations for admission to the profession are allowed to work with disinfestation agents.

Work related to pest control products, including packaging, preparation of emulsions, suspensions, solutions, baits, processing of objects (foci), must be carried out in special clothing using personal protective equipment (caps, overalls, jacket, shoes, respirators, goggles or gas masks, gloves or mittens) in a special room equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. It is prohibited to store personal belongings, food, eat or smoke here.

Note . You are allowed to work with disinfectants six hours every other day or no more than four hours daily. Every 45–50 minutes, a break of 10–15 minutes is taken, during which the employee must go out into fresh air and take off the respirator.

After work, work clothes are removed in the following order: gloves, without removing them, are washed in a 5% soda solution (500 g of soda ash per 10 liters of water), then washed in water, after which safety glasses and a respirator, shoes, and overalls are removed . Glasses and a respirator are wiped with a 5% solution of soda ash, water and soap, only after that the gloves are removed and hands are washed with soap. After finishing work at the site, you should rinse your mouth with water and take a shower.

FIRST HEALTH CARE FOR INSECTICIDE POISONING

In case of accidental poisoning with disinfestation agents, before the doctor arrives, the victim should immediately be taken out into fresh air, contaminated clothing should be removed, the drug that has come into contact with the skin should be carefully removed with a cotton swab (without rubbing or smearing), and then treat the skin with a 5–10% solution of ammonia alcohol (when working with organophosphorus agents - 5% solution of chloramine B) or 2% solution of baking soda, in their absence - soap solution.

If the drug gets into your eyes, rinse them immediately with plenty of clean water or a 2% solution of baking soda for 5–10 minutes. If the eyes are irritated, drop in a solution of albucid; if painful, apply a 2% solution of novocaine. In case of constriction of the pupils from the action of organophosphorus agents and visual disturbances, instill a 0.05% solution of atropine sulfate.

If your throat is irritated, rinse it with a 2% solution of baking soda; if you have a cough, use jars or mustard plasters.

What should you do if a person accidentally swallows a chemical?

In case of accidental ingestion of the drug, you must drink several glasses of water or a pink solution of potassium permanganate (ratio 1:5000, 1:10000) and then induce vomiting. Repeat 2-3 times. It is forbidden to induce vomiting in an unconscious victim or in the presence of convulsions.

After removing the drug, rinse the stomach with a 2% solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon per glass of water), a suspension of activated carbon, chalk, burnt magnesia (2 tablespoons per liter of water) or just warm water. 10–15 minutes after gastric lavage, the victim needs to drink a suspension of burnt magnesia or activated carbon (1–2 tablespoons per glass of water). Then - a saline laxative (1 tablespoon of salt in half a glass of water). Castor oil is contraindicated!

Where can disinsection be carried out?

Measures to destroy arthropod pests can only be carried out in compliance with the relevant sanitary standards and rules at facilities of any type:

Sea vessels and inland navigation ships. Disinfection is carried out in accordance with current sanitary rules and the relevant regulatory framework for this category of transport. The vessel may be at sea.
All types of passenger ground transport (cars, buses and trains).
Aircraft of any type. Insecticides are used during regular cleaning, either ten to fifteen minutes before passengers are accepted or before an aircraft lands, if there are no passengers on board and the crew is specially trained.

Pest control

Disinsection is the extermination of small and large pests. One of the types of sterilization is getting rid of insects that can transmit viruses using chemical methods, through the influence of steam and boiled water. Extermination of such insects as: Prussians, flies, midges, spiders and bedbugs.

Types of disinfestation: 1. Complete destruction - use of special means. 2. For preventive purposes. Disinsection methods: 1. Mechanical. 2. Physical. 3. Biological. 4. Chemical.

Protecting new buildings from insects

One of the most important sets of measures to prevent insect infestation is the protection of objects under construction. These methods include:

filling with sealants the joints of interfloor ceilings and slabs, points of entry and laying of electrical cables, technical and other communications through walls, ceilings and fences.
Autonomous ventilation device.
Installation of non-buried waste containers.
The use of materials in the manufacture of garbage disposals that can be constantly cleaned.

Prevention of insects

Properly organized preventive measures to prevent the infestation of premises by insects can guarantee that they will not appear and there will be no need to contact exterminators. It is enough to follow simple rules:

Regular cleaning and treatment with insecticides in accordance with SanPiN.
Timely repair and sealing of seams that have lost sealing.
Equipment of basements and technical underground areas with lighting devices.
Equipping doors with closers and seals, closing ventilation shafts with special removable grilles and covering windows with fine mesh.
Filling floors with cement mortar and maintaining gutters and blind areas in good condition.
Systematic cleaning of basements, ventilation and drying.

What do insects like?

Insects will settle where they are most comfortable, and driving them away from there will not be an easy task. Here is a list of places where arthropod pests will appear first:

yard dumps for construction and household large waste;
mountains of garbage outside the city and in open areas around the house;
small ponds and pits (mosquito habitats);
unkempt ponds for decorative or economic purposes (they should be cleaned of vegetation and debris);
underground communications and mines.

Any freely available food waste (not collected in closed containers) attracts picky ants and cockroaches! Insects are also attracted to sewage products, especially stale ones.

What is disinfection

Disinfection (disinfection). A set of specific tasks aimed at exterminating various insects. These types of disinfection are determined. Types of disinfection: 1. Preventive - this is disinfection, which is aimed at preventing the emergence of infectious diseases and should be carried out systematically. Most often used in places where there are large crowds of people, mostly children. 2. Current - this is the type that is accompanied by the desire to destroy and spread the infection from an already existing source of the disease. The goal is to prevent widespread spread. 3. Final - this type determines the complete ridding of the disinfected premises from infectious agents and should be carried out after removing the source of the virus.

Requirements for specialized companies

Organizations whose profile is disinfection (deratization, disinfestation) are required to have the necessary set of documentation:

current SanPiNs"
licenses and approvals (or their certified copies) for the insecticides and methods used when carrying out pest control work;
individual medical records of workers who have contact with poisons (reception, storage, preparation, transportation and distribution), which are issued in accordance with relevant laws and regulations;
instructions for personal and public safety during disinfestation (must be in a visible place).

In addition, the pest control company is required to carry out laboratory monitoring for the presence of insecticides in the air of the work area (production, warehouses, offices and surrounding areas) at least once a year.

Finally...

All of the above-mentioned classifications of chemical disinfestation methods, although they help to somewhat understand approaches to baiting insects, are still very conditional. Very often, various insecticides combine the properties of poisons of different categories . For example, some of them act as contact and intestinal at the same time. Such drugs are more versatile and are more likely to help destroy pests.

In the following articles we will definitely consider the forms of application of insecticides and some of their other characteristics. Stay tuned for new releases! And successful fight against the six-legged aggressors!

Articles about various insects:

– How to get rid of moths: methods of control

– Insect pests: where is danger lurking for us?

– Bark beetles: who are they?

– Ants in the garden: benefit or harm?

Stage of preparation for disinfestation

If the necessary conditions exist, the owner, tenant of buildings or management carry out insect control treatment on their own or engage third-party specialized companies on a contractual basis. Ordinary citizens carry out disinfestation within the boundaries of their homes (buildings, houses, cottages, etc.) with preparations that are approved for use by the population in domestic conditions. Enterprise management must ensure the safety of personnel and create conditions for high-quality work by exterminators.

A person responsible for disinfestation is appointed from among the staff.
The serviceability of stairs, floors, ventilation and lighting is checked.
The possibility of exterminators being damaged by electric current or steam, as well as the possibility of an attack on them by animals, domestic or stray, is excluded.
Those carrying out disinfestation are given access to all premises of the facility, as well as to the adjacent territory and to technical inputs.
Space is freed up for passages with a width of 70 cm along walls and stacks with loads.
A sanitary day or wet cleaning of the premises where anti-insect treatment will take place is organized.

How do we perform disinfestation?

it is determined which insects appeared on the object
inspection of premises, search for places of accumulation, places of movement of insects
choosing the right insecticide
calculation of concentration and amount of consumption per room
preparation for disinfestation
informing residents
applying an insecticide solution to surfaces (HCT, GGT, Dusters, pump sprayers, etc.)
object surveillance
further preventive measures

The sequence of disinfestation measures

The work of pest control specialists always consists of a set of activities. Here are these operations in the order they take place:

Inspection of the premises to detect the localization of insects.
Audit check of the presence of insects, registration of their number and scale of reproduction.
Selection of processing methods and preparation of tactics for the use of poisons.
Carrying out engineering and pest control operations.

For food industry, trade and catering enterprises infested with insects, four treatments are carried out per month and two if there is no infestation.

Preschools, medical institutions, schools and boarding houses for the health of the younger generation are subject to disinfestation every two weeks, as are housing and communal services enterprises.

Security measures

It is prohibited to use Class I toxic substances (extremely dangerous) for industrial and residential premises. In health centers and catering establishments, the use of hazard class II poisons is prohibited; in other facilities, the use of these products is permissible, but only if the exterminator is specially trained and has the necessary protective equipment. Substances of class III (moderately hazardous) can be used in buildings of any type and in everyday life, subject to mandatory dosage compliance. The requirements for exterminators remain in force: they must be trained and properly protected. The greatest efficiency is achieved by combining deratization and disinfestation: stray animals are an excellent “base” for feeding ticks and other parasites.

Classification of chemical disinfestation methods

There are several approaches to classifying bullying means. In general, all chemicals intended to kill insects are called insecticides .

The word "insecticide" is of Latin origin. Insectum means "insect". Caedo – “to kill.” Literally, an insecticide is something that kills insects. Of course, first of all we are talking about insect pests.

Thus, the chemical method involves getting rid of arthropods using chemical poisons. In relation to certain types of insects, acaricides and pediculicides . Acaricides are directed against ticks. That is why some preparations for these insects are marked “anti-acaricidal.” And the tick treatment itself is called acaricidal in another way .

Pediculicides are also included in a separate group and allow you to fight lice. This is also a specific group of arthropods that live on people and animals. There are special requirements for drugs of this type. They must have a reduced hazard class in terms of their effects on the human body and animals. And at the same time be effective in the fight against lice. Some of them (for example, butadione) are taken orally in exceptional cases. This technique allows you to keep human blood toxic to lice for a couple of weeks. This time is often enough to cure lice.

What to do after treatment

The main rule: after disinfestation, the premises must be allowed to stand for up to 12 hours, then they must be thoroughly cleaned. After three to four hours the building can be used. Cleaning is carried out with open windows or with ventilation turned on. Ventilation is provided for the period indicated in the instructions for the drug used. When cleaning, remove the poison with a damp rag or vacuum cleaner. First, the floor is processed, then the furniture and equipment. After wet cleaning, all surfaces are thoroughly washed with soap and soda (do not use washing powders). No strangers should be in the premises when cleaning.

Storage, transportation and use of poisons

Insecticides are prescribed to be stored in specialized premises, hermetically sealed and with the manufacturer's label on the container. For each poison there are regulations for its storage. It is permissible to keep means for deratization and disinfestation in one place.

The storage must be equipped with:

supply and exhaust ventilation;
metal racks for storing small packages, as well as wooden shelves for placing glass containers;
security alarm system that meets fire safety requirements;
special wall finishing that prevents the absorption of harmful substances and allows wet cleaning of the room;
floors, walls and ceilings must have a finish that prevents the sorption of harmful or aggressive substances and allows wet cleaning and washing (tiles, oil paint, linoleum).

Storage conditions

. Poisons must be kept in a room with a temperature regime that does not allow heat above 20 ° C and below 18 degrees Celsius.

Insecticides purchased for household use should be kept out of the reach of children and pets, and kept separately from food, medicines and drinking water.

Transportation

. Insecticides are transported by special transport in closed factory containers. This does not apply to household poisons.

Attention!

It is permissible to work with poisons no longer than six hours a day with a mandatory break of one day, or no longer than four hours in a row. Exterminators should take a fifteen-minute break every 45–50 minutes of work. During the pause, it is prescribed to go out into the open air, taking off the respirator. How to properly remove and wash workwear after work is regulated by special instructions that must be strictly followed.

Actions in case of poisoning

If the insecticide gets on the skin, throat or eyes, you must consult a doctor, and until help arrives, carry out the following operations:

Take the victim to fresh air and remove his protective clothing.
Gently (without smearing) remove poison that gets on the skin with a cotton swab. Then treat the affected area of skin with a 5–10% solution of ammonia or 2% baking soda (can be replaced with soap emulsion).
If the insecticide enters the body, drink several glasses of clean water or a pink solution of potassium permanganate, and then induce vomiting in the victim. Repeat the procedure two or three times. Attention! If the poisoned person is unconscious or experiencing convulsions, it is prohibited to induce vomiting!