Triatominae bugs: habitat, morphology, medical significance

Triatomine bedbugs (in Latin Triatominae) belong to the subfamily of bedbugs, a family of predators, numbering more than 130 species, but this species is much more dangerous than the bed bugs known to us.

It is enough to look at the marks that its bites leave on human skin, and most importantly, read the description of the disease that it causes to be convinced of this.

What to do in such a situation? To get started, we recommend reading this article. This article describes in detail methods of controlling parasites. We also recommend that you consult a specialist. Read the article >>>

The main habitat of these insects is the tropical zones of Central and South America, and its main danger is that it is a carrier of Chagas disease (Chagas), a dangerous parasitic disease (another name is American trypanosomiasis), the spread of which is steadily expanding.

In connection with the rapid development of international tourism in Russia, it would do well for tourists to know where triatomine bugs live and what danger they pose.

By the way, they have another rather romantic name - the kissing bug, since they usually inflict their bites near the lips and eyes.

However, this kiss can be deadly, so they are perhaps better suited to the third name by which they are known in the countries most affected by Chagas disease: the gentle killer.

Let's figure out what these insects are and why they are dangerous to humans.

This beetle carries Chagas disease and lives in Central and South America

Appearance of the triatomine bug

Scientists classify the kissing bug as a member of a large family of predatory insects. It has an elongated body, reaching 2 cm, and is charcoal or dark gray in color. The sides are yellow, yellow-orange and light brown.

Triatomine bug

A mature triatomine bug has 3 pairs of smooth legs and wings resembling skin. The head is cone-shaped, with simple eyes and long antennae. The insect's mouth is a sucking-piercing type with a thickened proboscis that reacts to infrared radiation.

Killer bugs look like bedbugs, whose food is also human blood. But “triatomy”, in contrast to them, consume it 2 times less.

These bugs were named kissing bugs due to the fragile structure of their proboscis. They cannot pierce the rough skin of people or animals, so they stick to soft tissue (for example, the skin around the eyes and lips). When insects pierce the skin, they release an anesthetic. Thus, the victim does not feel the bite.

What is the kissing bug often confused with?

About 40 thousand species belong to the order of bedbugs. Some of them are often confused with their “brothers”:

1. Bed bugs. They have a flat, oval-shaped body. The size of adult individuals can reach 5 mm. They live in people's homes, most often in beds, sofas and other sleeping places. Linen bugs have a lighter color and a rounded shape, unlike kissing bugs.

   
   Bedbugs are easily recognizable parasites.

2. Wheel bugs. Externally similar to triatomine bugs. But the growth, resembling a comb with spikes, dispels doubts.

3. Maple beetles. They are smaller in size than killer bugs. Their eyes and head are red, their wings are splashed with orange. They feed on the seeds of maple and other trees. They pose no danger to humans and animals.

4. Diamondback bugs. Outwardly they resemble kissing bugs, but do not have an elongated head and neck. They live on the street. The diet consists of vegetables and fruits.
   Read also:  Bedbug bites or other insect bites? What is the difference?
5. Shield bugs. From a distance, many people confuse them with triatomine bugs. But they have a more rounded body, resembling the shape of a shield (hence the name). The mouth is small in size, located next to the body. There are spines in the back of the head. Shield bugs do not drink blood and do not live in residential areas.

6. Regional workers. The length of the body can reach 2 cm. They differ from triatomine bugs by their thickened hind legs, which from a distance can be confused with small leaves. They feed on the seeds of trees and plants.

7. Cockroaches. A well-fed triatomine bug swells greatly, changing the color of its body to brown or red. At the same time, it resembles a familiar “pet”.

Features of the transmitted infection

The common triatomine parasite can become the causative agent of a dangerous disease that leads to:

• to damage to the nervous system;
• to improper functioning of the human digestive system;
• to disorders of the cardiovascular system.

There are cases with mixed symptoms. Dangerous substances, after a parasite bite, are in the blood and gradually have a detrimental effect on the digestive system, heart, and only then on the nervous system.

People under 30 years of age are most at risk.

Life cycle of an insect

The average lifespan of a triatomine bug is 2 years. The female insect lays eggs in the warm season. After 3 weeks, larvae 1-2 mm in size hatch from them. This is called the first stage of bedbug maturation.

Each stage occurs after 10-15 days and is accompanied by molting. At the fifth stage, the insect is fully formed, the wings become hard and leathery.

Because of the characteristics of its bite, it is called a kissing bite.

The kissing bug is a hematophage, i.e. it drinks the blood of animals and humans through parasitism. In case of a threat to life, it emits a stench, while rubbing the notch on its head.

He hunts mainly at night. During daylight hours, it climbs into various dark, hard-to-reach places.

This type of bedbug is prone to cannibalism while hatching eggs. The adult insect covers the eggs with itself, and eats those that do not fit under the body.

Treatment of bites

Chagas disease has several stages:

• acute lasts about 2 months, can occur without the manifestation of the above symptoms;
• The chronic phase is characterized by the development and proliferation of parasites in the heart muscle and digestive system, resulting in the gradual destruction of vital organs.

Treatment of the disease is possible if it is detected in the acute stage. If the process of disease development enters the chronic stage, cure is impossible. There are only methods for prolonging life that alleviate the patient’s condition.

Habitat

Kissing bugs live on continents and in countries with hot climates: in South and North America, Mexico, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, etc. Due to the frequent emigration of citizens, insects began to appear in Canada, Texas and some countries in the western part Pacific Ocean.

Killer bugs live where it is warm, choosing more sheltered places. They prefer to stay close to people or animals so that they can go hunting unhindered at night. It happened that they were found in clay shacks, possum holes and tree rats.

Does it live in Russia?

This predatory species of bedbugs is not found in Russia. However, tourists should take precautions when traveling to hot countries, as these insects are carriers of a deadly disease.

Recommendations

With the development of the tourism sector, Russians are increasingly visiting other continents, including those inhabited by triatomine bloodsuckers. In order not to spoil your trip and not suffer from its consequences, when going to the countries of South America, you need to arm yourself with knowledge about dangerous insects.

To avoid a deadly encounter

, it is recommended:

1. Wear clothing that covers your legs and arms. The head also needs to be protected with any hat.
2. Purchase and use special products to repel bedbugs and other insects.
3. To avoid attracting bloodsuckers, do not apply perfume to your skin;
4. Remain in closed shoes, even if there is a strong temptation to walk barefoot on soft grass.
5. Avoid tall thickets and dense bushes, do not touch low-hanging tree branches.
6. Fight curiosity to take a closer look at animal homes: burrows, hollows, etc.
7. When it gets dark, stay indoors if possible.
8. Do not try to take a closer look at the old rickety buildings.
9. Close windows at night.

If you are unable to avoid a triatomine bug bite, follow the following procedure:

• immediately after discovering a bite, use soap and running water to wash the wound;
• make a lotion from a mixture of soda and water to relieve swelling;
• soda can be replaced with ice, which must be kept on the wound for at least half an hour;
• monitor your general condition: if you notice dizziness, attacks of nausea and vomiting, rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath, seek medical help immediately.

Important!

Do not scratch the itchy area under any circumstances. If there is no clean water nearby, do not look for the nearest body of water. It is also not recommended to apply freshly picked herbs or leaves to the wound.

Remember: the bite of the triatomine bug is fatal. Therefore, it is better to avoid meeting him than to look for ways of treatment later and not be cured.

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Reproduction method

Triatomine bugs reproduce by traumatic insemination. The male pierces the partner's stomach, introducing his seminal fluid in large quantities. Thus, the female has enough of it for her entire life to continuously hatch eggs. In difficult conditions, the female bedbug eats seed material to survive.

A few days after mating, the insect lays eggs, 5-10 pieces each. After 2 weeks, the eggs hatch into larvae, or nymphs. After going through 5 stages of molting (every 10-12 days), they turn into adults, ready for fertilization and reproduction.

Classification

Species marked (Tc) are carriers of Trypanosoma cruzi

- the causative agent of sleeping sickness.

Tribe Rhodniini

Rhodnius

• Rhodnius brethesi
  Matta, 1919 (Tc)
• Rhodnius colombiensis
  Moreno Mejía, Galvão & Jurberg, 1999.
• Rhodnius dalessandroi
  Carcavallo & Barreto, 1976
• Rhodnius domesticus
  Neiva & Pinto, 1923 (Tc)
• Rhodnius ecuadoriensis
  Lent & León, 1958 (Tc)
• Rhodnius milesi
  Carcavallo, Rocha, Galvão, Jurberg (in: Valente et al., 2001)
• Rhodnius nasutus
  Stal, 1859 (Tc)
• Rhodnius neglectus
  Lent, 1954 (Tc)
• Rhodnius neivai
  Lent, 1953
• Rhodnius pallescens
  Barber, 1932 (Tc) (main vector in Panama).
• Rhodnius paraensis
  Sherlock, Guitton & Miles, 1977 (Tc)
• Rhodnius pictipes
  Stal, 1872 (Tc)
• Rhodnius prolixus
  Stal, 1859 (Tc) (vector in Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras and parts of Nicaragua and El Salvador).
• Rhodnius robustus
  Larrousse, 1927 (Tc)
• Rhodnius stali
  Lent, Jurberg & Galvão, 1993 (Tc)

Tribe Triatomini

Triatoma

• T. amicitiae
  Lent, 1951b
• T. arthurneivai
  Lent & Martins, 1940 (Tc)
• T. bassolsae
  Aguilar et al., 1999 (Tc)
• T. baratai
  Carcavallo & Jurberg, 2000
• T. barberi
  Usinger, 1939 (Tc), the main vector in central and southern Mexico.
• T. bolivari
  Carcavallo, Martínez & Peláez, 1987
• T. bouvieri
  Larrousse, 1924
• T. brailovskyi
  Martínez, Carcavallo & Peláez, 1984
• T. brasiliensis
  Neiva, 1911b (Tc) is the main vector in the Brazilian Caatinga region.
• T. breyeri
  Del Ponte, 1929
• T. bruneri
  (Usinger, 1944) re-erected by Lent & Jurberg, 1981
• T. carcavalloi
  Jurberg et al., 1998
• T. carrioni
  Larrousse, 1926 (Tc)
• T. cavernicola
  Else & Cheong, in Else et al.,1977
• T. circummaculata
  (Stal, 1859) (Tc)
• T. costalimai
  Verano & Galvão, 1958 (Tc)
• T. deaneorum
  Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1967
• T. delpontei
  Romaña & Abalos, 1947 (Tc)
• T. dimidiata
  (Latreille, 1811) (Tc) is an important vector in Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Ecuador.
• T. dispar
  Lent, 195 (Tc)
• T. eratyrusiformis
  Del Ponte, 1929 (Tc)
• T. flavida
  Neiva, 1911c
• T. garciabesi
  Carcavallo et al., 1967 (Tc)
• T. gerstaeckeri
  (Stal, 1859) (Tc).
• T. gomeznunezi
  Martinez, Carcavallo & Jurberg, 1994
• T. guasayana
  Wygodzinsky & Abalos, 1949 (Tc)
• T. guazu
  Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979
• T. hegneri
  Mazzotti, 1940 (Tc)
• T. incrassata
  Usinger, 1939
• T. indictiva
  Neiva, 1912
• T. infestans
  (Klug, 1834) (Tc) is the main vector in the Southern Cone.
• T. juazeirensis
  Costa & Felix, 2007 (Tc)
• T. jurbergi
  Carcavallo et al., 1998b
• T. klugi
  Carcavallo et al., 2001
• T. lecticularia
  (Stal, 1859) (Tc)
• T. lenti
  Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 (Tc)
• T. leopoldi
  (Schoudeten, 1933)
• T. limai
  Del Ponte, 1929
• T. longipennis
  Usinger, 1939 (Tc)
• T. maculata
  (Erichson, 1848) (Tc)
• T. matogrossensis
  Leite & Barbosa, 1953 (Tc)
• T. mazzottii
  Usinger, 1941 (Tc)
• T. melanica
  Neiva & Lent, 1941 (Tc)
• T. melanocephala
  Neiva & Pinto, 1923b (Tc)
• T. melanosoma
  Martínez et al., 1987 (Tc)
• T. mexicana
  (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848)
• T. migrans
  Breddin, 1903
• T. neotomae
  Neiva, 1911d (Tc)
• T. nigromaculata
  (Stal, 1872) (Tc)
• T. nitida
  Usinger, 1939 (Tc)
• T. obscura
  (Maldonado & Farr, 1962)
• T. oliveirai
  (Neiva et al., 1939)
• T. pallidipennis
  (Stal, 1872) (Tc), an important vector in southern and central Mexico.
• T. patagonica
  Del Ponte, 1929 (Tc)
• T. peninsularis
  Usinger, 1940 (Tc)
• T. petrochiae
  Pinto & Barreto, 1925 (Tc)
• T. phyllosoma
  (Burmeister, 1835) (Tc)
• T. picturata
  Usinger, 1939 (Tc).
• T. platensis
  Neiva, 1913 (Tc)
• T. protracta
  (Uhler, 1894) (Tc)
• T. pseudomaculata
  Correa & Espínola, 1964 (Tc)
• T. pugasi
  Lent, 1953b
• T. recurva
  (Stal, 1868) (Tc)
• T. rubida
  (Uhler, 1894) (Tc)
• T. rubrofasciata
  (De Geer, 1773) (Tc)
• T. rubrovaria
  (Blanchard, in Blanchard & Bulle, 1843) (Tc)
• T. ryckmani
  Zeledon & Ponce, 1972
• T. sanguisuga
  (Leconte, 1855) (Tc)
• T. sinaloensis
  Ryckman, 1962 (Tc)
• T. sinica
  Hsaio, 1965
• T. sordida
  (Stal, 1859) (Tc)
• T. tibiamaculata
  (Pinto, 1926b) (Tc)
• T. venosa
  (Stal, 1872) (Tc)
• T. vitticeps
  (Stal, 1859) (Tc)
• T. williami
  Galvão, Souza & Lima, 1965 (Tc)
• T. wygodzinskyi
  Lent, 1951c

T. arenaria (?) (Walker, 1873) (?)

What varieties exist

Bedbugs are divided according to their mode of life:

1. Herbivores. They feed on tree seeds, fruit cell sap, and leaves.
2. Predators. They feed on insect larvae and spineless animals.
3. Hematophagous (parasitic). They feed on human and animal blood.

The latter also include killer bugs.

Triatomine bugs are divided into 2 classes, which include many varieties:

1. Rhodnius prolixus. Most species are carriers of trypanosomes, the causative agent of Chagas disease and sleeping sickness. They live in North and Central America.

   
   Rhodnius prolixus drank blood

2. Triatoma infestans. They live in Argentina, Chile and Brazil.

   
   The kissing bug threatens residents

How to find out that a kissing bug has settled nearby

You can determine that a dangerous guest has settled nearby by two signs:

• triatomine bugs themselves are found under the pillow, under the mattress;
• Small bloody spots appear on the bed linen, as well as dark or whitish marks left by the bedbugs themselves.

Traces of blood on pillows and bed linen indicate that bedbugs are in the house.

What to do if you find a kissing bug in your home

If you see a bug crawling along the surface, do not touch the insect with your bare hands. Wear gloves, place the bedbug in an airtight container and take it to the nearest laboratory. Employees will be able to determine whether this individual was infected with dangerous diseases. Wash the surface where you found the bedbug with water and bleach to kill bacteria. You cannot kill a bedbug, as contact with it risks contracting trypanosomiasis.

Do not ignore an encounter with a dangerous insect and seek help from specialists so that they can take all necessary measures and, if necessary, warn the population about the danger.

Why is it dangerous for humans?

A doctor from Brazil, Carlos Chagas, discovered the disease of the same name. It is caused by trypanosome, carried by triatomine bugs.

Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellate, a protozoan parasitic bacterium. Lives in subtropical, hot countries. When the bug bites a person or animal, it remains on the body of the bug. The bacterium can live in its host for the rest of its life. The insect can transmit the infection within a few weeks. The most common method of infection is a bedbug bite.

The meal may take a long time. The bug then defecates on the victim's skin, often at the site of the bite. Trypanosome can enter the human or animal body through insect feces. Also, parasites penetrate through wounds and cracks, with careless rubbing of the eyes.

The bacterium can enter the body in another way: through unwashed food, unsterile laboratory instruments, through blood transfusion, from an infected pregnant girl to the fetus.

The danger of Chagas disease (Chagas) is that the infected person does not even suspect that he is unwell. It can be labile, affecting vital organs over a long period of time. Sometimes the patient is treated for other diseases without knowing that he is infected with trypanosome.

It is mainly the poor population that are susceptible to epidemics, as they live in houses made of clay or wood, which shelter deadly insects from daylight.

Symptoms of Chagas disease

Children are especially poorly tolerated by the disease, with its vivid manifestations.

At the first stage, symptoms such as:

• migraine;
• elevated temperature;
• diarrhea and vomiting;
• inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• redness and swelling at the site of the bite.

Most often, bedbugs bite around the eyes, which is why this organ swells in 30-50% of cases. If treatment is neglected, the disease will become chronic within a few months. Symptoms disappear, and a person can live for several decades. But his condition will worsen.

Therapy at an advanced stage of the disease is useless, because the parasites penetrate all internal organs and tissues, infecting the heart, liver and kidneys.

Trypanosome leaves traces of its activity on organs, such as toxic feces. Intoxication can lead to degeneration and insufficiency of the viscera, followed by death.

Before the final stage of the disease, a person’s lips and limbs turn blue, he loses a lot of weight, gets tired quickly, suffers from shortness of breath, loses his appetite and turns pale. Pain in the gastrointestinal tract, heart or liver can be unbearable.

The fatal disease can be diagnosed using laboratory blood tests, immunological reactions, and venous blood.

How to treat

The latent period of the disease lasts from 5 to 14 days. Then comes the acute form with all the symptoms. It is important to start treatment at this time, because the chance of a full recovery is quite high.

The infected person is given Benzimidazole and Nifurtimox. Medicines have unpleasant side effects, but no other way to cure the disease has yet been found.

For the chronic form, the same drugs are given as for the acute form, gradually increasing the dose. The development of the disease slows down, but in this case it will not be possible to avoid death.

Disease prevention

Prevention methods include following the rules of protection against insects:

1. When traveling to countries where triatomine bugs live, do not enter dilapidated clay buildings.
2. Cover the doors and windows of your home with netting at night. You can use mesh bed curtains.
3. Washing and thermally processing food products.
4. Treat wounds and cuts with an antiseptic.
5. Pregnant women should undergo screening blood tests and have their blood examined in the laboratory before blood transfusion or organ transplantation.
6. When excursions outside the city in countries where the triatomine bug lives, wear closed clothing and a hat. Use repellents to repel insects.
7. Touching animals' homes is strictly prohibited.
8. It is not advisable to use perfume, as it attracts the attention of insects.

If you are bitten by a kissing bug, immediately treat the affected area with an antiseptic and do not scratch.

How to treat Chagas disease

The disease is easier to cope with in the acute stage. Although no medicine is guaranteed to get rid of parasites, treatment during the first phase increases the chances of recovery by up to 90%. Tablets reduce the likelihood of death by reducing the number of parasites in the body, but do not guarantee getting rid of parasites that have settled inside cells. An effective treatment method that would guarantee a 100% result at any stage of the disease does not yet exist.

In case of accidental infection (for example, in laboratory tests), treatment begins immediately, even if the test results are not yet ready.

Abroad, two drugs are used to treat patients: nifurtimox and benznidazole.

Nifurtimox reduces the likelihood of death and reduces the manifestations of the disease. A full course of treatment with the drug allows you to completely get rid of parasites in about half of the cases. The drug is used only in the acute stage. There are no tests or studies that would give an exact answer to the question of whether pills help with chronic disease.

Possible side effects when used:

• stomach ache;
• decreased appetite;
• nausea;
• vomiting and weight loss;
• anxiety;
• disorientation (loss of ability to think and act);
• insomnia;
• muscle twitching;
• paresthesia (sudden tingling sensation, goose bumps and burning sensation on the skin for no apparent reason);
• polyneuropathy (paralysis, sensory impairment and other symptoms);
• epileptic seizures.

Benznidazole is prescribed during both the acute and chronic stages of the disease. Doctors in Latin America prescribe this medicine to patients in the latent (hidden) phase of the disease. Benznizadole works by inhibiting (suppressing) the synthesis of human DNA and RNA with parasite proteins, thus reducing its effect on the body. However, it has not yet been proven whether this medicine can reduce the risk of damage to the heart and digestive system. This drug is prescribed to reduce the likelihood of death of the patient, but no medicine can completely and reliably cure the disease.

The drug benznizadol is officially approved for use in the United States and Latin America

Treating a bite at home

If you have suffered from a parasite bite and are absolutely sure that these are not traces of bed (or other) bugs, before going to the hospital, you can take some urgent measures yourself:

1. Place ice or a clean cold pack on the affected area to reduce swelling. For the first six hours after the bite, cool the skin in this manner every hour for 15–20 minutes. Do not apply ice directly to the wound. Be sure to cover the bite area with a clean cloth.
2. Wash the bite area with warm water and antibacterial soap.
3. After washing, apply an antiseptic (for example, alcohol-based antibacterial gel, peroxide or iodine) to the wound.
4. Trim your nails as short as possible to prevent accidental scratches and wounds on the skin.
5. Do not touch blisters under any circumstances if they have formed at or near the site of the bite.
6. If you are bitten on the arm or leg, keep the limb elevated for a while to reduce swelling.
7. For severe allergies, take an antihistamine, such as Loratadine or Claritin.
8. Apply Calamine cream (or Tsindol, Fenistil) to the affected area.

It is important to avoid the temptation to scratch the bite, as this increases the risk of contracting trypanosomiasis or a bacterial infection.

What symptoms should you urgently go to hospital for?

If you have any of the following symptoms (even if you think they have nothing to do with Chagas disease), go to the hospital immediately:

• diarrhea;
• skin rashes;
• hives;
• itching;
• swelling (especially around the eyelids);
• nausea;
• fainting;
• dyspnea.

If you think your symptoms may be due to an insect bite, tell your doctor.

Story

In the early 19th century, Charles Darwin made one of the first reports of the existence of triatomine bugs in America in Journal and Remarks (1839), commonly known as The Voyage of the Beagle.

In 1909, Brazilian doctor Carlos Chagas discovered that insects were responsible for transmitting T. cruzi to many of his patients in Lassanza, a village located on the banks of the São Francisco River, Minas Gerais (Brazil). The poor people living there complained about insects that bite at night. They were called barbeiros.

Effective means to combat

For chemical treatment of garden plots, insecticides of various types are used to influence insects. There are three groups of drugs:

1. contact (upon contact with a bug, they penetrate through the skin or shell into the pest’s body and destroy it);
2. intestinal (getting into the stomach of the bug along with food, destroying the digestive system and infecting the insect);
3. systemic action (contact-intestinal).

The choice of drug depends on the degree of insect damage to the area and the period of plant protection.

When using pesticides, it is important not to allow the drug to come into contact with mucous membranes, to follow the safety standards specified in the instructions and how to use the solution. Forest bugs always live in conditions that are as comfortable as possible for their existence

If the situation changes, they often find shelter in a person’s home. The stink bug's bite does not pose any danger, especially since it is not capable of biting a person at all. If bedbugs from the street crawl into your house, then don’t panic

Forest bugs always live in conditions that are as comfortable as possible for their existence. If the situation changes, they often find shelter in a person’s home. The stink bug's bite does not pose any danger, especially since it is not capable of biting a person at all. If bedbugs from the street crawl into your house, then don’t panic.

Since they feed on plant foods, once in a home environment, window bugs can settle in indoor plants and gradually destroy them. In this case, it is necessary to clear the apartment of uninvited guests. The easiest way is to throw them out an open window.

There are several methods to combat forest bugs:

• collect manually when the area is slightly contaminated;
• use infusions, which must be made on the basis of mustard and onion peels; they will have to be used to treat the plants several times;
• spray the plantings with karbofos, chlorophos or phosphamide.

Karbofos

Knowing how to get rid of stink bugs, you should choose the safest and most effective methods, and also take into account that there are no highly targeted drugs for their destruction.

The following options are considered the most popular:

1. In a residential building, you can use a folk remedy that contains dishwashing liquid and nicotine. It is necessary to crumble a pack of inexpensive cigarettes, add warm water (2 liters) and leave for several hours. After this, add dishwashing liquid to the resulting solution, mix thoroughly and strain.
2. A drop of hot paraffin from a burning candle will help quickly neutralize the beetle, and simply heated wax has the same effect.
3. In a vegetable garden or orchard, you can use the drug Fufanon Nova, which successfully repels bedbug attacks on cultivated plants and prevents the pest from multiplying. However, such a remedy is not used in an apartment.
4. Women's hairspray perfectly seals all the breathing and smelly holes on the shield bug's body.
5. Since the stink bug breathes through the pores on its body, you can try to neutralize the insect before it has time to release its smelly liquid using ordinary water. To do this, you need to fill the container with water, dissolve soap in it and quickly throw the bug into this solution.

The liquid, which is toxic to the beetle, will not allow it to empty its odorous glands and will save your home from an unpleasant odor. After some time, when the insect dies, the solution can be poured into the toilet.

Since the stink bug is not one of the insects dangerous to humans, there are no chemicals whose action is aimed specifically at its destruction. Therefore, the fight against it should only begin if the number of insects begins to increase sharply, which can lead to serious consequences for your garden plot.

Doctors' conclusions

The prognosis for the patient's life is determined by the time of diagnosis. When detected at the initial stage of development, the therapy only helps to prolong the patient’s life, but it cannot lead to a complete cure for the disease. Therefore, if you suspect a bite from this insect, it is recommended not to delay visiting a doctor.

That's why it's important to research information about possible infectious diseases before traveling abroad. And while on vacation, do not neglect safety rules, which will save not only your health, but also your life.