Requirements and design of a pigsty for 50 heads, do-it-yourself construction stages

Pork is by far the most popular meat in our country. It is not surprising that many farms keep piglets. Relatively unpretentious, they grow quickly, reproduce actively and provide their owners with a good profit. Of course, there will be fewer problems if you provide them with good living conditions. Taking into account every little detail at all stages of work, from design to installation and finishing, you can reduce the risk of diseases and, accordingly, the costs of treatment and mortality of fry. We will tell you how to properly build a pigsty for 50 heads in this article.

Requirements for the floor in a pigsty

To ensure that the pigs do not get sick and the living conditions are comfortable for the animals, the following requirements are imposed on the floors:

• The floor must have low wear resistance, then its service life will be durable.
• The basic rules are safety for animals. Acceptable variations in slot width are from 10 to 20 mm. If you make more of them, the piglets' hooves will fall through, and adult animals can cling to them, and this can lead to serious injuries. The duration of such cracks is no more than 15 cm.
• The presence of a lower tier is mandatory; animal waste will be collected there. Its sufficient height is 60 cm, this will be quite enough. Usually this is a container with a slope of up to 50 cm, so that the waste drains independently. It can be made from any material, but it is desirable that it has low hygroscopicity and does not absorb odors, then cleaning and disinfection will not be difficult.

It plays an important role what the floor is made of and the area of ​​the room where it will be located.

The floors in the pigsty must be of good quality

Machines and feeders

Pens for keeping pigs can be made with your own hands. To arrange partitions you can use:

• metal gratings;
• wooden boards;
• thick plastic.

It is imperative to build gates for the passage of animals and service personnel. The size of the gate is determined so that an adult can pass through freely. It is imperative to make fixing constipations - latches, hooks, latches.

Feeders should be hung near the gate. The standard tank volume for the main diet is 20 liters. Minerals, vitamins and nutritional supplements should be poured into small containers or special compartments located in the main feeder.

Feeders are usually made of wood. This is an inexpensive, accessible and easy-to-use material. To prevent pigs from chewing the wooden edges of the feeders, they need to be protected with a thin metal sheet. The main thing is that there are no sharp edges that could injure animals.

Walls

There are a number of specific requirements for materials for wall construction. Walls should:

• have good thermal insulation characteristics;
• do not absorb moisture.

It is important to note that the room temperature should under no circumstances fall below zero degrees. The walls are built from materials that can retain heat well inside the room

This will reduce heating costs during the cold season and create comfortable conditions for animals.

The walls are built from materials that can retain heat well inside the room. This will reduce heating costs during the cold season and create comfortable conditions for the animals.

To build the walls of a pigsty, use:

• brick;
• gas silicate blocks;
• slag concrete;
• foam concrete blocks;
• rubble stone;
• wood;
• local building materials.

If necessary, the inner surface is insulated, sheathed with hardwood boards, plastered and covered with whitewash. Additional external insulation is also allowed.

The thickness of the walls is determined by the conductive characteristics of the material used. For example, wooden walls are made about 0.25 meters thick, and brick walls are about 0.5-0.6 meters thick. A brick building will require an additional layer of insulation.

Often pigsties are built from timber or sleepers and caulked. The top is covered with special moisture-resistant plywood or fiberboard and painted.

It is important to know that the wooden surface of indoor wall cladding must have a smooth surface. Pig can chew wood if they can pick it up with their teeth

A good option is plaster and subsequent whitewashing. However, the walls will quickly become splashed and will look untidy. It is important to consider that regular whitewashing serves as a kind of disinfection of the room.

To protect against dirt, some experienced pig breeders coat the surface of the walls indoors with a mixture of resin and gasoline to a height of up to a meter from the floor surface. This is effective, but does not look very aesthetically pleasing.

Additional attention should be paid to calculating the height of the walls. The room should not be too low

This will complicate its ventilation and organization of ventilation. Ceilings that are too high will require additional effort and heating costs. It is recommended to make the ceiling at a height of about 2.3-2.5 meters.

In this case, the height of the walls will be determined by the shape of the roof. For a gable roof, the recommended wall height is 1.7-1.8 meters with a ridge height of approximately 2.5 meters.

Financial plan

The following is a calculation of the main characteristics of the financial performance of the project.

Expenses

Pig farm cost structure

• Salary – 1240 dollars.
• Payment of insurance premiums – 372 dollars.
• Payment of utilities – 300 dollars.
• Feed costs – $1,575. ($4.50/head)
• Outsourced assistance – $80.
• Additional costs – 200 dollars.

The monthly expenses of a 300-head pig farm will be $3,767.

Net profit

How much you can earn by opening a pig farm for 300 heads, projected expenses, income, potential profit - see the table below:

Let's summarize . The pig farm will receive $2,569.02 in net profit per month. Profitability of production activities is 68%. With such indicators, a business plan for a pig farm from scratch will pay for itself in 6 years.

Arranging a pigsty

The construction of a pigsty is not complete without the installation of heating, internal partitions, ventilation, plumbing and lighting.

Passages and partitions

In a pigsty for a couple of heads, partitions are made from any available building materials, usually from boards and wooden beams painted with lime. If damaged, they can be easily replaced with new ones or repaired.

A pig farm for 50 heads is divided into pens with monolithic and metal structures. The fences of the compartments for weaned piglets must be 0.9 m high, for other groups of pigs - 1.2 m. For pens of sows with suckling piglets, the clearances of the lattice structures should be no more than 5 cm, for the rest of the livestock - 12 cm. The width of the gates of the pens must be at least 0.70 m.

Passages for pigs are made at least 1 m for adults, at least 0.7 m for piglets. For evacuation of livestock, the minimum door width is 1.2 m. The dimensions of the passages from the pens to the walking area are 0.8 m wide.

Lighting scheme

Pigs require a combination of artificial and natural light for normal health, development, and growth. For fattening young animals, a 12-hour light regime is required; for suckling piglets with a sow, 18-hour lighting is required.

For natural lighting, windows measuring 1 square meter are made in the walls at a height of 1.6 m from the floor. m. The total area of ​​window openings should be about 1/10 of the floor area. For additional summer ventilation, it is best to make half of them openable. Artificial lighting should be dimmed; bright light has a stimulating effect on pigs and makes piglets nervous.

Heating

Setting up a pigsty in regions with a cold climate to obtain stable weight gain and preserve the livestock will require indispensable heating of the premises. In the southern regions, it is sufficient to install double glazing and high-quality insulation of ceilings and walls.

For additional heating of weanlings and suckling piglets, infrared radiation devices are used, turning them on throughout the day for 1.5 hours at intervals of 30 minutes.

Ventilation system

Open vents in the windows are not the best option for solving the main method of ventilation, especially for large pig farms in winter. A farm for 50 heads must be equipped with a high-quality ventilation system. At the same time, the appearance of drafts is not allowed, they have a negative impact on the health of the livestock, and are destructive for piglets.

The ventilation system design can be anything from industrial equipment to a homemade device

It is important that it can cope with the task of replacing polluted air with fresh air. The simplest device consists of combining several exhaust holes with exhaust pipes

To increase draft, in this case, heat is used from a simple incandescent lamp, which is installed at the entrance to the exhaust pipe.

Improvement of the pigsty

Upon completion of the main construction work, the pigsty is equipped with beds, drinking bowls, feeders, equipment for disinfestation, disinfection, and cleaning.

Drinkers and feeders are installed near the entrance to the pen. For mineral baits there are separate containers. When there are several pigs in the pen, a trough with a depth of 20 cm, a width of 40 cm, and a length of 50 cm is sufficient. With a larger population, the dimensions of the feeders are calculated taking into account an additional 25 cm of length per animal. To prevent piglets from frolicking in the feeder, it is necessary to make dividing partitions in it.

Pig farming, both on a livestock farm and at home, is the most profitable type of business. You can do everything that is necessary for it with your own hands. A small pigsty and even a large building can be built independently, when you get down to business, being armed with all the required knowledge.

Financial calculations and payback period

An important stage for a successful business is the calculation of financial indicators of one-time and monthly expenses, income and payback period. The financial part of the pig farm business plan includes the following points:

• rent of a land plot of up to 20 acres - 30,000 rubles. per month;
• construction of premises - 300,000 rubles;
• equipment, communications - 400,000 rubles;
• purchase of 50 heads - 600,000 rubles;
• purchase of feed: grain and feed additives - 10,000 rubles. per month;
• computer equipment, website creation - RUB 27,000;
• marketing campaigns - RUB 25,000. per month;
• salary for 6 employees - 125,000 rubles. per month.

A pig farm business plan assumes exact amounts, but in reality, novice entrepreneurs always have unforeseen expenses in their budget. In addition to the indicated amounts, it is necessary to add an additional 60,000 rubles, which may be spent on solving some problems that arose during the construction of the premises, completing a package of documents, and so on.

As a result, the total financial costs of the pig farm business amount to 1.58 million rubles. Monthly costs, taking into account additional expenses, taxes, insurance premiums, and utility bills, will range from RUB 250,000.

You must understand that when opening a new farm, the first 2-3 months are spent supporting the operation of the farm, and only after this period the process of selling meat, selling piglets, and so on begins.

With continuous operation of the pig farm, the amount of monthly profit in 2-3 months will be from 400,000 rubles. Taking into account the first months of downtime, the pig farming project will pay for itself in 12 months, if we also take into account the seasonality of the pig farm’s business.

Construction of a small pig breeding farm is considered the best option for beginning entrepreneurs. If the business turns out to be successful, it is quite easy and quick to reorganize it into a large pig farm for 300 or more heads. The cost of moving to a new level of agricultural business will be from 3 million rubles, but monthly profits will also increase by 2-3 times.

Requirements

Before building a pigsty, you need to properly plan its location:

• The building should not be located in a lowland; it is better to locate it in a place where water does not reach after melting snow or prolonged heavy rainfall;
• It is advisable that the pigsty is adjacent to other outbuildings, because in this case it will be warmer and there will be fewer drafts;
• During construction, an area for walking animals should be provided;
• Analyze the compass rose. That is, it is necessary to take into account the prevailing winds in the area so that unpleasant odors of ammonia do not reach residential premises.

Where should you start?

Before you start building the premises, you need to pay attention to all the nuances regarding the structure of the pigsty. There is a stereotype that pigs are very dirty animals and are not at all picky about cleanliness.

This opinion is extremely wrong. Pigs love dry rooms and warmth inside. Thanks to high-quality pigsties, animals get sick less, and their emotional state significantly affects the quality of products.

When planning the construction of a building for pigs, it is worth starting with a clear understanding of the purpose for which you are going to have piglets and how many. The internal arrangement of a pigsty for fattening and breeding pigs is significantly different; these factors must be taken into account before building the premises.

Selecting a location

Placing premises for keeping pigs on the site also requires a competent approach. Not only the layout of the site, but also the living conditions of the animals, which directly affect the quality and volume of the final product, depend on the correct choice of location.

For this reason, choosing a construction site is very important to do correctly.

Individuals react poorly to high indoor humidity. Dampness combined with drafts can lead to the death of most of the livestock, reducing daily weight gain and reducing product quality.

For a pigsty, you should choose an elevated and dry area. It is necessary to provide for the proximity of groundwater to the surface of the earth.

If possible, the structure is placed so that there is a forest belt or other obstacle to cold winds nearby. It is reasonable to place the long wall of the structure in a southerly direction.

When planning the placement of a structure, take into account the direction of the winds prevailing in the area and the sanitary requirements for the placement of such structures.

Sanitary and hygienic standards include:

• distance to residential premises is at least 15 m;
• avoiding unclean runoff into natural bodies of water;
• taking into account the slope of the soil (sewage should not flow into the garden or yard);
• wind direction.

In addition to all of the above, the location of water supply sources is taken into account. The right location will help you optimize your work and get maximum profit from breeding pigs.

Purchase of livestock

For a small farming business, fifty heads are enough, but first of all it is necessary to purchase sows, since with the help of them the pig farm business is implemented. Important points to consider when purchasing and keeping pigs:

1. It is necessary to purchase sows from any breeding farm; it is not advisable to purchase them directly or from third-party companies.
2. It is important for sows to create favorable living conditions: maintain good sanitary and epidemiological conditions in the premises, install heating, and install a ventilation system.
3. All pigs should be fed not only wheat, but the diet should be supplemented with mixed feed.

You should prepare for the procurement process in advance. It is also important to choose the breeds that will be bred. There is a trend in the pig farming business to merge several breeds. It is believed that hybrids adapt better to different temperature conditions and multiply longer.

Primary requirements

Before equipping a pen in which piglets will be kept, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the requirements. These include the following:

• High-quality manufacturing materials. A pen for piglets should be created from high-strength and durable materials. For example, steel pipes with galvanized surface are often used to create them. They do not corrode, even if they are located indoors with high humidity levels. Metal machines are considered to be of the highest quality because, if used correctly, they will last for decades.
• Can be placed anywhere in the barn. In order for the machine to be placed in a pigsty, it must be of a straight or diagonal type. These options are suitable for placement on a farm. However, it is better to give preference to straight designs, since diagonal ones are more difficult to care for.
• There should be no large gaps between the walls. Such holes are considered dangerous because piglets' hooves can get stuck in them. Therefore, when making the machine, you need to be very careful and eliminate any gaps that could injure the animals.
• Possibility to move the walls. Sliding structures should be installed in pigsties, as they allow large and small pigs to be kept inside. However, such products are not popular among farmers due to their high cost.

Sales and services

In accordance with the plans of the entrepreneurial project, on the pig farm we will mainly keep pigs of the lean (bacon) variety. These include breeds such as Landrace, Duroc, and Estonian Bacon.

Animals will be sold live as they grow older. This approach is more economical in terms of money - there is no need to invest additional funds in the construction of a slaughterhouse, hire additional workers, monitor product quality, purchase refrigeration equipment, etc.

The standard pig farming business plan for beginning entrepreneurs also includes a diet diagram for feeding the animals.

The pigs will be fed more intensively so that by the age of six months they reach a weight of about 100 kg. Moderate weight gain per day is 700-800 grams.

Typically, one sow gives birth to 10-12 piglets. In fact, 30 sows will make it possible to form a permanent livestock on the farm of 300 - 400 heads.

Sow with litter

Why is it worth getting into pig farming?

According to official statistics, Russians consume about 8 million tons of meat per year, of which 2 million tons are pork - which is about a third of the entire meat market.

As for the pig raising business itself, the following advantages can be highlighted:

• short period of raising an animal for slaughter (from six months to 9 months);
• the ability of one sow to bring 10-12 new individuals with a short gestation period of about 3.5 months;
• productivity - the weight of one carcass is about 1 quintal, of which 50-60 kg is meat and about 30 kg lard.

Taking into account all these factors, as well as the average cost of quality pork on the market, we can talk about the potential benefits that a pork business can bring to the owner. Moreover, you can start it in your personal yard, provided it is available.

Documents for opening a pig farm

The documentation preparation stage takes a decent amount of time. For a farm of 50 heads, as well as for 100 and 200, you need to prepare:

• registration of a legal entity as an individual entrepreneur or LLC or a farmer’s certificate, if any;
• ready-made business plan for a pig farm;
• administration resolution permitting the construction of agricultural premises;
• lease agreement for agricultural land;
• permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station, state supervision and state labor inspection.

To run a business, you must always monitor reporting deadlines to the tax authorities. For individual entrepreneurs using the simplified system, it is enough to keep a book of income and expenses during the year, and at the end of the year, submit a reporting declaration to the Federal Tax Service, pay insurance premiums to the Social Insurance Fund, Pension Fund.

Construction: main stages

After you have resolved all the issues related to the design and design of the pigsty, you can begin construction. Before purchasing building materials, consider your financial capabilities. The most popular buildings are made of clay and brick. Both of these materials are of high quality and guarantee the durability of the building. You also need to purchase cement and sand. They are used to fill the foundation and floor. Builders use roofing felt to install moisture insulation.

The cheapest option for building walls is sleepers. But this option is unacceptable, since they are impregnated with creosote, which is bad for the health of pets. Stone is too expensive an option, but very good. The most acceptable are foam blocks and wooden beams. Foam block is cheaper, but pigs love to chew on it. Therefore, the outside needs to be plastered. It is best to give preference to timber. This is an environmentally friendly material that does not require cladding. In order not to waste a lot of timber, you can make more windows in the wall.

To upholster the walls you will need boards; they must be thick and durable. For roofing work you will need slate, window and door blocks.

If you want to build a pigsty in a shorter period of time, there is an alternative. You can make a pigsty from sandwich panels. Let's consider the main advantages of this method:

A building constructed from sandwich panels is easily and quickly assembled. In addition, it can be quickly disassembled if necessary, and then reassembled. Durability is far from the last place on the list of advantages. Professionals say that a building made of sandwich panels can last you at least fifty years. The material is quite light, so transportation and installation does not take much time. You can build a building from sandwich panels at any time of the year. They are not affected by temperature and weather conditions

We wrote above that it is important for pigs to be in a warm room, as they are very sensitive to cold. Sandwich panels retain heat well, so it’s worth taking a closer look at this material

Compliance with all construction rules and regulations.

Roof and ceilings in a pigsty

Builders pay great attention to the roofing of a building. This is due to the fact that it directly affects the microclimate of the room

To insulate ceilings, use sawdust. The attic is a convenient place to store animal care materials and food. You can make spacious hatches in the ceiling for the attic.

Comply with fire safety requirements during construction. If necessary, contact a specialist who will tell you the best options for constructing a roof.

Indoor floors

​When designing your floors, consider making them as recessed as possible and easy to clean. Bedding for pigs is made from sawdust and straw. They are supplemented with special bacteria that absorb animal waste. This is a very practical and convenient way.

You can also design a manure removal system. This will allow you to significantly save time and money on cleaning the premises. Thanks to it, pigs will always be in a clean room.

Other construction work

After the floors have been erected, in accordance with the plan, we should proceed to the construction of internal partitions and finishing of the room.

Pigs should not be in a dark room; provide natural and artificial lighting. Lighting varies depending on the area of ​​the pigsty. There are certain standards that you should follow.

Provide room ventilation and heating system. Pigs need clean water, so plumbing is required.

Thus, we found out that the pigsty should be spacious, bright and warm. It is these characteristics that are the key to the proper development of young animals.

Pig farm project: possible risks

Due to the fact that prices for imported goods have increased in recent years, buyers have begun to turn more often to local producers. It is for this reason that the pork production business is profitable. However, at first it requires large financial costs. When opening a pigsty for 50, 100, 1000 or 1500 heads, an entrepreneur must be prepared for the following risks:

• Periodic reduction in livestock, including a decrease in the number of piglets per sow per year;
• Possible changes in housing conditions and fattening periods;
• Reducing the market value of 1 kg of meat;
• Rising prices for food, veterinarian services, equipment and raw materials;
• Difficulty in carrying out communications and installing equipment;
• Difficulties associated with personnel selection.

However, the greatest danger can befall animals: they are highly susceptible to intestinal and infectious diseases. That is why the finished pig farm must comply with all SES standards.

Cleanliness in the barn affects not only the health of the animals, but also the quality of the meat

Choosing a place for the future pigsty

Many farmers who are just planning to start pig farming have the following questions:

1. About the proper construction of a pigsty.
2. How to build a pig house with your own hands.
3. How to choose the right place to place a pigsty on your plot of land.

An excessively damp room is contraindicated for artiodactyls, especially if it is combined with drafts. In such conditions, it is especially easy for small piglets and fatteners to catch a cold, which leads to a decrease in weight gain. Sometimes their condition reaches a critical point, as a result of which the farmer begins to die of young animals.

With the right choice of location for a pigsty, the mortality of young animals caused by external conditions is minimized.

The future place of residence of pigs should be located on a flat, dry and elevated place. It is not recommended to build a pigsty in areas that are prone to waterlogging, flooding, or exposed to sewage and groundwater.

An excellent option for locating a pigsty is a place near a forest belt or other planting - this will protect the building from the effects of cold winds. If possible, the long axis of the pigsty should be directed from north to south. During construction, the prevailing prevailing winds must be taken into account.

When constructing a permanent building, all sanitary standards must be observed:

1. The distance between living quarters and the pigsty must be at least 15 m.
2. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the prevailing winds that carry odors.
3. As well as the slope of the terrain (due to the drainage of slurry and liquids).
4. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of sufficiently providing the future pig farm with water.

Location and premises for the pig farm

A business plan for a pig farm for 50 or more heads involves such an important stage as finding a suitable plot of land and premises. It is important to know that pigs cannot be raised within the city; this is done outside the city limits. The reason for this is the sanitary rules and regulations adopted by the state, according to which the distance between the farm and a residential building must exceed 15 m.

The terrain for a pig farm should be flat, elevated, away from residential buildings, ponds and swampy soil. If possible, it is best to purchase or rent a plot of land near a forest. This way there will be fewer problems with drafts and strong winds, which pigs really don’t like.

The area of ​​the premises for a farm for 50 heads must be at least 250 sq.m. This figure includes 2.5 square meters for each individual, passages between compartments, pens, utility rooms and vestibules. Since a pig farm involves raising livestock, it would be reasonable to establish a division into 3 zones inside the premises:

1. Area reserved for sows. Here it is necessary to create the most comfortable living conditions for livestock.
2. Boar area.
3. The area for piglets, where it is also necessary to pay attention to keeping the room warm. Piglets are very sensitive to low temperatures.

There should be a wide enough space between the compartments for personnel to work and for the passage of wheelbarrows.

In addition to these areas, walking pens and vestibules are needed. The premises must have such communications as ventilation, heating and water supply systems.

There is a misconception that pigs' homes are always dirty. Experienced farmers know that to raise healthy livestock, it is necessary to keep the premises dry and warm.

It is important to constantly maintain order and cleanliness in the pigsty, otherwise young pigs may contract an unwanted infection and get sick.

Interior arrangement of the pigsty

The interior arrangement of the pig shed is the final stage of construction. It’s not enough to build walls and a roof; you also need to properly place the animals and provide them with food and water. This is the only way to create conditions for pigs to quickly gain weight.

Pens and pens

In a small barn, pens and pens can be placed on one side - along the long wall of the building. If you plan to keep a large number of animals and have prepared a spacious barn, then it makes sense to place the pig pens along both long walls, and leave a passage in the center of the room.

Fences are constructed both from wood and from a steel corner covered with a metal mesh. The height of the partitions should be at least 120 cm. If you are going to breed piglets, make sure that the bars fit snugly into the corners in all places. Otherwise, the little pigs will be able to escape from the pen.

If the partitions are made of metal (angle, pipes, mesh), then they are not placed close to the floor, but leave a small gap to prevent contact with sewage

Feeders and drinkers

The pigsty must be equipped with animal-friendly feeders and drinking bowls. They can be purchased or made with your own hands at home.

If you decide to make feeders yourself, take note of a few simple rules:

• the width should be 30-40 cm, and the depth should be 20-25 cm;
• the back wall of the feeder is made higher than the front and placed at a more acute angle to the floor;
• The feeder is equipped with jumpers along the entire width so that the pig cannot climb into it with his feet.

Now let's figure out what materials are best to make feeders from. So, wood, metal or galvanized sheets are most often used. Note that recently so-called bunker feeders have become increasingly popular. You can see what they are in the following video:

Metal and wooden troughs are ideal for the role of drinking bowls. However, they are more relevant for outdoor pens. But it is more convenient to equip indoor pigsties with nipple or cup drinkers. The water in them will always be clean, and the floor underneath will always be dry.

The number of feeders and water containers in the barn is selected individually, depending on the livestock. However, one should adhere to the principle: more is better than less, because free access of animals to drinking water and food is the key to their full development and rapid growth.

It is very important to provide pigs with free access to feeders and drinkers.

Building and interior arrangement of a pig shed with your own hands is a troublesome task, but quite doable. We hope that our advice will be useful to you.

Farm location

To build a turnkey pig farm, we will buy an agricultural plot from the local authorities, measuring 3400 sq. m. m. The costs of acquiring and registering private property will cost the company $1,200,000.

Building a pig farm is a rather complicated project, which is best left to the experts. It is necessary to create good conditions for raising animals, design a feeding and watering line, equip a fence, arrange flooring, ventilation, electric heating and consider the concept of manure removal.

For this reason, the construction of a mini pig farm will be entrusted to qualified craftsmen, whose services will be provided by a specialized company. The cost of such a complex will cost 120 dollars/sq.m. The total cost of construction, which is included in the ready-made business plan for the pig farm, is $144,000. As a result of these measures, we will receive a equipped building for a pig breeding business, with ready-made communications for opening, in accordance with the requirements of SES and fire protection.

Interior arrangement

The internal arrangement of the pigsty is no less important than its proper overall construction. In a small building for several heads, partitions are made of wood, since it is the cheapest material

If a pigsty is being built for a herd of 20 animals or more, the partitions in it should be metal or monolithic reinforced concrete. Their height is no less than 80 cm. The width of the gaps in the partitions for adult pigs is no more than 10 cm, and for piglets no more than 5.5 cm. The gates of the pens are made 65 cm wide

In a small building for several heads, the partitions are made of wood, since it is the cheapest material. If a pigsty is being built for a herd of 20 animals or more, the partitions in it should be metal or monolithic reinforced concrete. Their height is no less than 80 cm. The width of the gaps in the partitions for adult pigs is no more than 10 cm, and for piglets no more than 5.5 cm. The gates of the pens are made 65 cm wide.

Interior arrangement of the pigsty

The passages along which the pigs will walk must be at least 90 cm. Doors for evacuating animals in the event of an emergency are necessary in every pigsty and must have a width of at least 1 m. They must open outward, as this facilitates quick exit.

Lighting

Light is necessary for animals, since if there is a deficiency of it, pigs will wither away.

The best option is a combination of natural and artificial lighting. This combination allows you to provide your pets with the necessary daylight hours at any time of the year. Windows with an area of ​​1 m2 are made in the walls of the pigsty. Their total area is 1/10 of the floor area. Half of the windows should open so that, if necessary, in the summer heat it is possible to additionally ventilate the room.

Electric lighting is kept a little dim so as not to excite the herd or provoke aggression in it.

Heating

Heating is provided in the building only if the climate is cold and in winter the temperature drops to more than -10 degrees. Piglets require elevated temperatures, and therefore the pens where they are kept are equipped with warm zones over which infrared lamps burn. They must be turned on throughout the day according to the schedule: 90 minutes of work - 40 minutes of rest.

Ventilation

Ventilation in a pigsty is an integral part of the room where the pig lives. Ventilation allows animals to have a regular supply of fresh air while preventing drafts.

The presence of a ventilation system is especially important in the winter months, when animal walking is reduced to a minimum. The simplest design is several exhaust pipes with a suction hole

To enhance draft, an incandescent lamp is used, installed at the entrance of the pipe and activating air exchange with its heat.

Option for organizing ventilation in a pigsty

Equipment

At the last stage of construction, equipment is installed - drinking bowls and feeders. They are placed at the entrance to the pen, as this greatly simplifies the process of caring for animals. Separate dishes are also provided for mineral supplements. A feeder 70 cm long and 40 cm wide with a depth of 25 cm is enough for 3 pigs. As the number of pigs increases, the trough for pigs is lengthened by 30 cm for each individual. Feeders should have partitions to prevent animals from getting into them and spoiling the feed.

Work staff

Sample of hiring employees according to the pig farming business plan:

The permanent workforce will include 8 people. The salary asset per month is 1240 dollars, per year 14880 dollars. An agreement for accountant services will be concluded with the outsourcing company. The cost of this service will be $80 per month. To work effectively, different ways to motivate employees will be used.

Preparing for work

All tools and materials must be prepared in accordance with the estimate and construction plan. It is advisable to purchase everything with a small margin in case of errors in calculations.

Tools and equipment for work you will need:

• shovels - shovel and bayonet;
• electric drill or hammer drill;
• set of drills;
• hammer;
• construction tape;
• technical knife;
• set of spatulas;
• trowels;
• container for mixing the solution;
• construction mixer;
• plumb and level;
• rags and work clothes.

Among the consumables usually purchased:

• nails and other fasteners;
• brick and/or cinder blocks;
• crushed stone;
• sand and cement;
• wood - sheets, beams, slats;
• insulation;
• film waterproofing;
• slate, corrugated board or tiles.

When everything is ready, construction can begin.

A competent pigsty design requires 2.5 m² per head

Step-by-step implementation of a business plan

The sample standard pig farming business plan with calculations contains several important stages of the step-by-step opening of an enterprise:

• Market research.
• Search for funds.
• Finding a suitable plot of land.
• Come up with a “company” name for the enterprise.
• Select the legal address of the LLC.
• LLC registration.
• Construction of a turnkey pig farm building.
• Signing agreements with Rospotrebnadzor and the fire service.
• Hiring workers.
• Purchase of pig stock.
• Purchase of vitamin preparations and feed.
• Opening an enterprise.

Pig farm is a promising and profitable business

How to make a pig pen

Briefly about the nuances of constructing a summer enclosure. To build it for several individuals, wooden boards made of hardwood (for example, cedar), nails and wooden posts are useful. Select sizes according to the size of your pets. Deepen the pillars into the ground 20–40 cm, then nail boards to them.

The gaps between the boards and stakes directly depend on the size of the animals. The fence must be durable enough to support the weight and strength of the pigs. If financial capabilities allow, it is advisable to use metal poles instead of wooden blocks. Galvanized mesh panels are also ideal for fencing.

Did you know? Piglets need a piglet to loosen the soil in order to look for food in the ground.

The overall size of the pen will depend on how many pigs you have. The ideal height of the fence is at least 150 cm. During cold weather, pigs sleep closely huddled together. But when it gets hot, animals will want more space. Therefore, if you decide to raise pigs on a pasture-type farm, plan at least 5 square meters per pig. m.

Outdoor animals have a doubly need for protection from unpredictable weather. Provide a shelter where the pig can hide from rain and snow.

It is good if the soil in the paddock is loose or even wet. The procedure of wallowing in mud will help keep you cool in warm weather and cope with parasites. If you don't want your animals to get dirty, provide them with shady areas, which will also prevent overheating.

conclusions

1. To build a pigsty, you must initially make all the calculations and draw up a plan.
2. When developing a project for a pig barn, you should know the number of future livestock and the purpose of their breeding. These two factors change the calculations significantly.
3. Pigs are fairly clean and heat-loving animals. The room for their maintenance must be warm, dry and clean. Read about the proper management of Vietnamese pigs here.
4. With the right approach, it will not be difficult to design and build a pigsty.
5. Even if initially the costs for some things seem unnecessary, in the end it will greatly simplify the process of keeping animals and will pay off over time.

conclusions

To get a good return on fattening and breeding pigs, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the construction of a pigsty. To do this you need:

1. Decide on a place to build a building (shed, flock) in the private sector near your home. It should not be in the lowlands. At a distance of at least 15 meters from residential premises.
2. Calculate the area of ​​the pigsty in accordance with the number of desired livestock. Decide on materials. For walls it is better to use lightweight concrete, brick, shell rock or wood. For the floor - concrete or wooden boards. The roof can be covered with slate or corrugated sheeting. Be sure to insulate the ceiling.
3. In a frame room made of polycarbonate and other materials, you need to supply water supply, exhaust hood and lighting.
4. Heating in pigsties is desirable only in those regions where frosty winters cannot be tolerated any other way. Ventilation is required, artificial and natural. In areas of the country where summers are hot, pigsties must have a ventilation system.

Read about keeping pigs at home here.