The mosquito threat exists for a significant part of the year. The only respite is the late autumn and winter seasons. In some regions, bloodsuckers are active for almost 8-9 months.
Both rural and urban residents can encounter mosquitoes.
Although to a lesser extent, there are also plenty of insects in densely populated cities and megalopolises. There are several ways to deal with them at home. Get rid of mosquitoes in your country house
Get rid of mosquitoes in your country house
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The simplest, cheapest and most popular is to use repellents and fumigator devices. The fumigator allows you to solve the problem indoors. The products that come with such devices kill mosquitoes over an area of up to several tens of square meters. There are portable analogues for use outside the home.
However, the question arises as to how safe such devices are and whether they can be used without special precautions. In fact, harm is quite possible, especially if used incorrectly.
Let's try to figure out what's what and what to do.
The most popular fumigators
Fumigators have been in demand over the past decades, this is due to their convenience for household use:
- safe for humans
- do not create a noise effect,
- have no odor.
The following brands are considered the most effective:
- "Raptor". Products from this manufacturer are presented in different versions: for children, for people with hypersensitivity to chemical elements, etc. This brand has more than 10 types of products: aerosols, ointments, fumigators, bracelets, etc.
- "Raid". The products from this manufacturer are represented by liquid-type fumigators. One of the products comes in a bottle with a built-in timer for ease of use.
- " Moskitol". A well-known manufacturer of mosquito repellents for children produces plate-type fumigators. Users choose between different filling options: with a low content of chemical elements, with an average content of substances and with a high level of the main substance.
- "Fumitox". The products are presented in 2 types: liquid and lamellar. Vials with liquid and plates are changed depending on the purpose and conditions of use.
Repellents based on essential oils
For example, cloves, lemongrass or rosemary. It sounds very environmentally friendly and harmless, but there is a problem. Unlike synthetic repellents, natural repellents undergo less rigorous testing for effectiveness. Thus, in a study by Roskachestvo it was revealed that repellents TM Siberina
and
Natura botanica
with essential oils as active ingredients
were
not effective enough. Siberina is registered as a perfumery and cosmetic product (PCP), which means that it must comply with safety rules, but there are no requirements for effectiveness for this category of goods; Natura botanica is not even listed in the PKP register. Real repellents with an active ingredient (such as DEET) are classified as disinfectants. By law, they are required to undergo state registration and receive a certificate of compliance with the Unified Sanitary Requirements.
However, natural mosquito repellents may provide some protection. General Director of the US Natural Products Association, Daniel Fabricant, emphasized that natural repellents differ in degree of effectiveness and some provide more protection, some less. Some last longer, others fizzle out faster.
Natural remedies studied by Roskachestvo confirm
: the Siberina TM product was 100% effective, but only for 48 minutes (the labeling indicates that the spray will protect for 1-2 hours). Natura botanica protected only half and for less than 30 minutes (the duration of action was not stated at all in the labeling). If you do want to buy a natural repellent, Consumer Reports recommends choosing one with 30 percent oil of lemon eucalyptus.
Efficiency, types and design of insect fumigators
As a means of protection against mosquitoes, fumigators take first place in terms of effectiveness.
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By type they are divided into separate options:
- pyrotechnic (with a spiral inside),
- electric (with a heating element connected to the power supply).
Electric fumigators are divided into 2 types depending on the type of structure of the base substance:
- liquid (with a can of liquid contents),
- tableted (with plates).
Attention! Pyrotechnic devices are designed for outdoor use.
The standard fumigator kit contains:
- a plastic device that plugs into a socket,
- a can of composition or a plate,
- instructions with information about the insecticide used.
Additional replacement units can be purchased from your sales consultant.
The mechanism of action of the device is based on the principle of heating an element containing fumigants. These are pesticides that, under special influence, are able to penetrate the insect’s body in a gaseous state.
Electric fumigators are plugged into an outlet. Pyrotechnic fumigators begin to operate after ignition, and smoke begins to flow from the device.
How to choose a mosquito repellent?
- When purchasing, look at the production and expiration dates. The closer to the end of the expiration date, the less effective the product may be.
- Pay attention to the category (highest, first, second and third). The longer the protection time, the higher the category.
- Look at the concentration of the active substance. Look on the label for how much DEET it contains. Products with a lower concentration of the active substance (less than 30%) should be chosen if you have sensitive skin prone to irritation, as well as for children. Products with low concentrations can be effective, they will just need to be applied more often (usually the expiration date is indicated in the labeling).
- The product must be labeled “repellent” or “repellent.” This means that the manufacturer has passed state registration and has a certificate of compliance with the Unified Sanitary Requirements. Otherwise, the product has no right to be called a repellent. If it does not indicate that it is a repellent, then most likely this is a perfume and cosmetic product for which completely different requirements are put forward.
- Focus on the place in the Roskachestvo ranking
. Sometimes the labeling is misleading, and the actual composition and duration of action do not correspond to those stated.
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Insecticides for electrofumigators, which is better
Insecticides are liquid chemicals that are used to disinfect premises to kill insects such as mosquitoes and flies.
Those insecticides that enter the insect's body in a gaseous state are fumigants.
Among them are:
- P natural insecticides – peritrins. They are obtained from certain plants by extraction.
- Synthetic insecticides – pyrethroids. Pyrethroids are isolated from esters of various acids.
Natural fumigants are considered the safest for the human body. The use of artificial insecticides is widespread in industrial production.
Insecticidal liquids
Among the components of liquids for fumigators, there are various combinations.
The main elements are considered to be:
- prallethrin,
- transfluthrin,
- citronella extract.
Plates
Other substances are used to make plates:
- natural pyrethrum,
- Thiamethoxam.
Poisoning by insecticides and repellents
Drugs
Allethrin, bioresmethrin, permethrin, fenvalerate 7, phenothrin, cismethrin. Trade names: “Pif-Paf”, “Fenozol-L”, “Fumitox”, “Nittifor”.
Toxic effect
Neurotoxic (central and peripheral), associated with impaired sodium transport through the membranes of nerve cells. Toxicokinetics
Routes of entry into the body: percutaneous, oral, inhalation. Biotransformation in the liver via enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation. Rapid (about 24 hours) excretion from the body in urine and feces. The lethal dose for rats is 165 mg/kg.
Clinic and symptoms
In case of industrial poisoning (inhalation or percutaneous), 4-6 hours after contact with the toxicant, itching and burning of the facial skin (paresthesia), dizziness, and weakness appear. In case of household oral poisoning, after 10-60 minutes, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, dizziness, weakness, muscle twitching (fibrillation), convulsions are observed, rarely - loss of consciousness, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema. When making a differential diagnosis of OP poisoning, one focuses on the normal activity of cholinesterase. The prognosis is favorable even in cases of severe poisoning.
Treatment
• Detoxification. In case of external exposure - remove clothes, toilet with soap and water or a weak solution of soda, wash the eyes. If ingested: gastric lavage, enterosorption, saline laxatives (sodium sulfate), forced diuresis, sodium hypochlorite into a vein, in coma - hemosorption.
• There are no antidotes.
• Symptomatic therapy: infusion of colloid and crystalloid solutions, for convulsions - diazepam into a vein, for hepatopathy - hepatoprotective therapy.
Insect repellent
CHEMICAL
Diethyltoluamide (N, N-diethyl-3-toluamide, dit).
APPLICATION
Applied to the skin as a repellent, i.e. to repel and prevent bites of mosquitoes, other blood-sucking dipterous insects, and fleas. This compound has no effect on stinging insects. Used in the form of lotions, bars, aerosols or moistened wipes for wiping. The concentration of the active component varies from 5 to 100%.
TOXIC EFFECT
This repellent has a neurotoxic effect in large doses. Repeated application to the skin may cause rash and dermatitis. Severe poisoning is rare. This usually occurs as a result of ingestion of large amounts of concentrated product or skin contact over several weeks. Poisoning occurs more often in children than in adults, and in girls more often than in boys. In rare cases, acute poisoning in children leads to brain damage.
Symptoms
If swallowed, small amounts of repellent or low concentrations of the active ingredient cause nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
After ingestion of a concentrated product containing a high dose of the active ingredient, loss of consciousness, convulsions, and signs of liver damage are observed within 30 minutes to 6 hours. In rare cases, acute poisoning in children causes encephalopathy, low blood pressure, and rapid pulse.
- In case of eye contact: irritation, which in the case of concentrated product may be severe.
- After contact with skin, if the solution is concentrated (>50%): burning sensation, blisters and ulcers.
- With repeated use: redness and rash, signs of poisoning if large quantities of the substance are used.
Treatment
You should induce vomiting; if it does not occur, rinse the stomach, give activated charcoal 50 g orally and water.
Treatment is symptomatic with active detoxification.
In rare cases, children are diagnosed with toxic encephalopathy, which can be confused with viral encephalitis or epilepsy. In accordance with the indications, maintenance therapy is carried out, including oxygen therapy and mechanical breathing. In case of seizures, increased muscle tone, opisthotonus or tremor, diazepam or phenobarbital is administered.
Diazepam doses for intravenous injection: for adults: 10-20 mg at a rate of 0.5 ml (2.5 mg) over 30 s; if necessary, repeat after 30-60 minutes, for children: 200 mcg/kg body weight.
Table of toxins used and brief description
Elements for fumigators are distinguished by type of origin and method of production.
| Type of insecticide | Characteristic |
| Prallethrin | Synthetic type, composed of 8 elements, moderately toxic |
| Citronella | A natural fumigant obtained from the leaves and stems of the plant of the same name, used as a plant repellent |
| Pyrethrum | A natural component obtained by extraction from a perennial plant of the aster family. |
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Benefits and harms
The main advantage of protective equipment is considered to be effective removal of pests. They are silent and easy to use.
Disadvantages of devices:
- heating of the case, release of harmful fumes from molten plastic,
- flavored fumigants have a strong odor,
- the need to connect electric fumigators to the electrical network,
- release of acrid smoke when using pyrotechnic devices,
- possible risk of allergic reactions,
- increased fire hazard of pyrotechnics,
- possible headaches due to the appearance of gaseous ethers of chemical elements in the room.
Rules for indoor use
Before you start using mosquito repellent, you must read the instructions. It is recommended to use an electric fumigator only after checking the serviceability of the outlet used.
Important! It is strictly forbidden to use the product in an unventilated area.
Each application should be accompanied by regular ventilation of the room; it is worth opening the window for at least 10 minutes.
It is prohibited to use 2 or more devices in the same area. Replacement cylinders and cartridges should not come into contact with personal hygiene items, dishes or food.
If there is a need to connect an adapter for a socket, you should monitor the tightness and quality of fit of the elements to each other.
Folk recipes
Even if you don’t have any of the devices listed above at hand, try looking in your first aid kit, cosmetic bag, or inspecting the beds. Knowing what substances negatively affect mosquitoes, you can easily prepare a life-saving folk remedy. The table will tell you exactly how to do this.
Table - Folk methods of fighting bloodsuckers
| Method | Features of application |
| Camphor | - Make a water bath; - pour 100 g of camphor into the vessel; - evaporate |
| Elderberry branches or tomato tops | — We form a bouquet of branches; - place in a vase in a well-ventilated place |
| Cedar oil | — We drip into the aroma lamp; — enjoy the aroma, destroy mosquitoes and cockroaches |
| Essential oil of eucalyptus, anise or basil | — Dip cotton wool into oil; - put it on the windowsill or on the table |
| Caucasian chamomile | — We lay out bouquets of fresh or dried flowers on the windowsills; — we live without mosquitoes for a week |
A smoke bomb is considered a universal remedy for small bloodsuckers. Its basis is pyrethrin, already known to us, which in the form of smoke penetrates even the most inaccessible places. You can light the fuse of a checker both indoors and outdoors. However, during the period of smoke, the premises, as well as the cultivated land, must be left. After the smoke has dissipated, you can calmly enter the house - with full confidence that mosquito tricks in the coming days will not cause poor sleep and an itchy body.
If you prefer natural remedies, lemon and cloves will help repellent mosquitoes. Cut the citrus fruit in half and insert eight to ten dried cloves into each half. The same one that you use to prepare mulled wine and meat. A powerful natural repellent placed near your bed will protect you from insects. You can enhance the effect by dropping the essential oils of these plants onto lemon pulp.
Video on the topic
Safety of children, pregnant and lactating women, and pets
To ensure the safety of children, manufacturers reduce the levels of toxic substances and neutralize their possible effects.
They produce special products that are accompanied by notes:
- the room where the fumigator is turned on must be equipped with working windows in order to have access to air at any time,
- in children's rooms it is not recommended to leave fumigators throughout the night,
If any discomfort occurs, stop using the device immediately.
Important! Pregnant women are not recommended to stay in a room where the fumigator is turned on. For pets, being in such a room can also be dangerous. Experts advise removing aquariums, cages and enclosures from such premises.
Damage from a fumigator turned on all night
First of all, you need to carefully read the instructions for your fumigator. They say whether the fumigator can be left overnight. Some types can be turned on all night, while others can only be turned on for a few hours. It all depends on the concentration of insecticide in it. Also strictly follow the instructions regarding the supply of clean air. As a rule, you should not run the fumigator all night in a small room with closed windows. By morning, the concentration of insecticide in the air can become dangerous even for humans.
Also, having decided whether you can sleep with a fumigator, do not lie too close to it, as there will be the strongest concentration of toxic substances around the device.
Of course, any chemical can cause harm to humans, especially in high concentrations and used in violation of operating conditions. You shouldn’t overuse fumigators and keep them on around the clock. On the contrary, reasonable use will protect you and your children from painful bites and annoying mosquito squeaks.
